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Reshef A, Buttgereit T, Betschel SD, Caballero T, Farkas H, Grumach AS, Hide M, Jindal AK, Longhurst H, Peter J, Riedl MA, Zhi Y, Aberer W, Abuzakouk M, Al Farsi T, Al Sukaiti N, Al-Ahmad M, Altrichter S, Aygören-Pürsün E, Baeza ML, Bara NA, Bauer A, Bernstein JA, Boccon-Gibod I, Bonnekoh H, Bouillet L, Brzoza Z, Bygum A, Calderon O, de Albuquerque Campos R, Campos Romero FH, Cancian M, Chong-Neto HJ, Christoff G, Cimbollek S, Cohn DM, Craig T, Danilycheva I, Darlenski R, Du-Thanh A, Ensina LF, Fomina D, Fonacier L, Fukunaga A, Gelincik A, Giavina-Bianchi P, Godse K, Gompels M, Goncalo M, Gotua M, Guidos-Fogelbach G, Guilarte M, Kasperska-Zajac A, Katelaris CH, Kinaciyan T, Kolkhir P, Kulthanan K, Kurowski M, Latysheva E, Lauerma A, Launay D, Lleonart R, Lumry W, Malbran A, Ali RM, Nasr I, Nieto-Martinez S, Parisi C, Pawankar R, Piñero-Saavedra M, Popov TA, Porebski G, Prieto Garcia A, Pyatilova P, Rudenko M, Sekerel BE, Serpa FS, Sheikh F, Siebenhaar F, Soria A, Staevska M, Staubach P, Stobiecki M, Thomsen SF, Triggiani M, Valerieva A, Valle S, Van Dinh N, Vera Ayala CE, Zalewska-Janowska A, Zanichelli A, Magerl M, Maurer M. Definition, acronyms, nomenclature, and classification of angioedema (DANCE): AAAAI, ACAAI, ACARE, and APAAACI DANCE consensus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00407-X. [PMID: 38670233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angioedema (AE) manifests with intermittent, localized, self-limiting swelling of the subcutaneous and/or submucosal tissue. AE is heterogeneous, can be hereditary or acquired, may occur only once or be recurrent, may exhibit wheals or not, and may be due to mast cell mediators, bradykinin, or other mechanisms. Several different taxonomic systems are currently used, making it difficult to compare the results of studies, develop multicenter collaboration, and harmonize AE treatment. OBJECTIVE We developed a consensus on the definition, acronyms, nomenclature, and classification of AE (DANCE). METHODS The initiative involved 91 experts from 35 countries and was endorsed by 53 scientific and medical societies, and patient organizations. A consensus was reached by online discussion and voting using the Delphi process over a period of 16 months (June 2021 to November 2022). RESULTS The DANCE initiative resulted in an international consensus on the definition, classification, and terminology of AE. The new consensus classification features 5 types and endotypes of AE and a harmonized vocabulary of abbreviations/acronyms. CONCLUSION The DANCE classification complements current clinical guidelines and expert consensus recommendations on the diagnostic assessment and treatment of AE. DANCE does not replace current clinical guidelines, and expert consensus algorithms and should not be misconstrued in a way that affects reimbursement of medicines prescribed by physicians using sound clinical judgment. We anticipate that this new AE taxonomy and nomenclature will harmonize and facilitate AE research and clinical studies, thereby improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Reshef
- Angioedema Research Center, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel.
| | - Thomas Buttgereit
- Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine, and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen D Betschel
- Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teresa Caballero
- Department of Allergy, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ-Group 44), Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER U754), Madrid, Spain; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Henriette Farkas
- Hungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anete S Grumach
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Center Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Michihiro Hide
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ankur K Jindal
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy Immunology Unit, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hilary Longhurst
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland and Department of Immunology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Peter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Cape Town, and the Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marc A Riedl
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Yuxiang Zhi
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Werner Aberer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mohamed Abuzakouk
- Allergy and Immunology, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tariq Al Farsi
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Nashat Al Sukaiti
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mona Al-Ahmad
- Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sabine Altrichter
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Kepler Uniklinikum, Linz, Austria
| | - Emel Aygören-Pürsün
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maria Luisa Baeza
- Allergy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases-U761, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Anna Bara
- Romanian Hereditary Angioedema Expertise Centre, Centrul Clinic Mediquest, Sângeorgiu de Mure, Romania
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Hanna Bonnekoh
- Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine, and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- National Reference Center of Angioedema CREAK, Grenoble, France; Internal medicine department, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Zenon Brzoza
- Department of Internal Diseases with Division of Allergology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Anette Bygum
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Freya Helena Campos Romero
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Central Sur Alta Especialidad, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauro Cancian
- Departmental Unit of Allergology, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Herberto Jose Chong-Neto
- Serviço de Alergia e Imunologia, Complexo Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - George Christoff
- Excelsior Medical Centre, Sofia, Bulgaria; Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Danny M Cohn
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Craig
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pa
| | | | - Razvigor Darlenski
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Aurélie Du-Thanh
- Département de dermatologie, ACARE, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | | | - Daria Fomina
- Moscow City Research and Practical Center of Allergoloy and Immunology, Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - Luz Fonacier
- New York University-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine for Function and Morphology of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asli Gelincik
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pedro Giavina-Bianchi
- Division of Clinical lmmunology and Allergy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kiran Godse
- Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mark Gompels
- Department of Immunology, ACARE, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Margarida Goncalo
- Department of Dermatology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maia Gotua
- Center of Allergy and Immunology and David Tvildiani Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Mar Guilarte
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicja Kasperska-Zajac
- European Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Urticaria and Angioedema and Department of Clinical Allergology and Urticaria, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Tamar Kinaciyan
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Kolkhir
- Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine, and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marcin Kurowski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elena Latysheva
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antti Lauerma
- Department of Dermatology, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Launay
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence des Angioedemes à Kinine (CREAK), U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Ramon Lleonart
- Allergology Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBILL Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Malbran
- Unidad de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología Clínica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramzy Mohammed Ali
- Department of Medicine, Allergy and Immunology Division, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman Nasr
- Immunology and Allergy Department, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sandra Nieto-Martinez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudio Parisi
- Pediatric and Adult Allergy sections of the Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Grzegorz Porebski
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicia Prieto Garcia
- Department of Allergy, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Polina Pyatilova
- Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine, and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Rudenko
- The London Allergy and Immunology Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Faradiba Sarquis Serpa
- Angioedema and Urticaria Reference Center, Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine, and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angèle Soria
- Médecine Sorbonne Université, Service de Dermatologie et Allergologie, hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maria Staevska
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Sofia, Clinic of Allergology, University Hospital "Alexandrovska" Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petra Staubach
- Department of Dermatology, ACARE, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcin Stobiecki
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Valerieva
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Sofia, Clinic of Allergology, University Hospital "Alexandrovska" Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Solange Valle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio De Janiero, Brazil
| | - Nguyen Van Dinh
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Respiratory-Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carolina Elisa Vera Ayala
- Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine, and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Zanichelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Operative Unit of Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Markus Magerl
- Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine, and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine, and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Mormile I, Palestra F, Petraroli A, Loffredo S, Rossi FW, Spadaro G, de Paulis A, Bova M. Neurologic and Psychiatric Manifestations of Bradykinin-Mediated Angioedema: Old and New Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12184. [PMID: 37569559 PMCID: PMC10419085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurologic manifestations have been occasionally described in patients with bradykinin-mediated angioedema. The existing literature is currently limited to case series and case reports mainly described in the hereditary forms (HAE) concerning central nervous system (CNS) involvement. On the contrary, very little is known about peripheral and autonomic nervous system manifestations. CNS involvement in HAE may present with symptoms including severe headaches, visual disturbance, seizures, and various focal and generalized deficits. In addition, a stroke-like clinical picture may present in HAE patients. In turn, some drugs used in patients with cardiovascular and neurologic disorders, such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), may produce medication-induced angioedema, resulting in a diagnostic challenge. Finally, most patients with HAE have higher levels of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression. With this review, we aimed to provide an organized and detailed analysis of the existing literature on neurologic and psychiatric manifestations of HAE to shed light on these potentially invalidating symptoms and lay the foundation for further personalized diagnostic pathways for patients affected by this protean disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Mormile
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.M.); (F.P.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (F.W.R.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Francesco Palestra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.M.); (F.P.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (F.W.R.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Petraroli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.M.); (F.P.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (F.W.R.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.M.); (F.P.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (F.W.R.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.M.); (F.P.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (F.W.R.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.M.); (F.P.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (F.W.R.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.M.); (F.P.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (F.W.R.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Bova
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.M.); (F.P.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (F.W.R.); (G.S.); (M.B.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- UOC Medicina 2, A.O.R.N. “Antonio Cardarelli”, Via Antonio Cardarelli, 9, 80131 Naples, Italy
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8
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Maurer M, Magerl M, Betschel S, Aberer W, Ansotegui IJ, Aygören‐Pürsün E, Banerji A, Bara N, Boccon‐Gibod I, Bork K, Bouillet L, Boysen HB, Brodszki N, Busse PJ, Bygum A, Caballero T, Cancian M, Castaldo A, Cohn DM, Csuka D, Farkas H, Gompels M, Gower R, Grumach AS, Guidos‐Fogelbach G, Hide M, Kang H, Kaplan AP, Katelaris C, Kiani‐Alikhan S, Lei W, Lockey R, Longhurst H, Lumry WB, MacGinnitie A, Malbran A, Martinez Saguer I, Matta JJ, Nast A, Nguyen D, Nieto‐Martinez SA, Pawankar R, Peter J, Porebski G, Prior N, Reshef A, Riedl M, Ritchie B, Rafique Sheikh F, Smith WR, Spaeth PJ, Stobiecki M, Toubi E, Varga LA, Weller K, Zanichelli A, Zhi Y, Zuraw B, Craig T. The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema-The 2021 revision and update. Allergy 2022; 77:1961-1990. [PMID: 35006617 DOI: 10.1111/all.15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease for which early diagnosis and effective therapy are critical. This revision and update of the global WAO/EAACI guideline on the diagnosis and management of HAE provides up-to-date guidance for the management of HAE. For this update and revision of the guideline, an international panel of experts reviewed the existing evidence, developed 28 recommendations, and established consensus by an online DELPHI process. The goal of these recommendations and guideline is to help physicians and their patients in making rational decisions in the management of HAE with deficient C1 inhibitor (type 1) and HAE with dysfunctional C1 inhibitor (type 2), by providing guidance on common and important clinical issues, such as: (1) How should HAE be diagnosed? (2) When should HAE patients receive prophylactic on top of on-demand treatment and what treatments should be used? (3) What are the goals of treatment? (4) Should HAE management be different for special HAE patient groups such as children or pregnant/breast-feeding women? and (5) How should HAE patients monitor their disease activity, impact, and control? It is also the intention of this guideline to help establish global standards for the management of HAE and to encourage and facilitate the use of recommended diagnostics and therapies for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology Berlin Germany
| | - Markus Magerl
- Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology Berlin Germany
| | | | - Werner Aberer
- Department of Dermatology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | | | - Emel Aygören‐Pürsün
- Center for Children and Adolescents University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Aleena Banerji
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Noémi‐Anna Bara
- Romanian Hereditary Angioedema Expertise CentreMediquest Clinical Research Center Sangeorgiu de Mures Romania
| | - Isabelle Boccon‐Gibod
- National Reference Center for Angioedema (CREAK) Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE) Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Grenoble France
| | - Konrad Bork
- Department of Dermatology University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- National Reference Center for Angioedema (CREAK) Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE) Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Grenoble France
| | | | - Nicholas Brodszki
- Department of Pediatric Immunology Childrens HospitalSkåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
| | | | - Anette Bygum
- Clinical Institute University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
| | - Teresa Caballero
- Allergy Department Hospital Universitario La PazIdiPaz, CIBERER U754 Madrid Spain
| | - Mauro Cancian
- Department of Systems Medicine University Hospital of Padua Padua Italy
| | | | - Danny M. Cohn
- Department of Vascular Medicine Amsterdam UMC/University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Dorottya Csuka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology Hungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Henriette Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology Hungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Mark Gompels
- Clinical Immunology North Bristol NHS Trust Bristol UK
| | - Richard Gower
- Marycliff Clinical ResearchPrinciple Research Solutions Spokane Washington USA
| | | | | | - Michihiro Hide
- Department of Dermatology Hiroshima Citizens Hospital Hiroshima Japan
- Department of Dermatology Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hye‐Ryun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Allen Phillip Kaplan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunology Medical university of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Constance Katelaris
- Department of Medicine Campbelltown Hospital and Western Sydney University Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Wei‐Te Lei
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics Mackay Memorial Hospital Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Richard Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology Department of Internal Medicine Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | - Hilary Longhurst
- Department of Immunology Auckland District Health Board and Department of MedicineUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - William B. Lumry
- Internal Medicine Allergy Division University of Texas Health Science Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Andrew MacGinnitie
- Division of Immunology Department of Pediatrics Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Alejandro Malbran
- Unidad de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología Clínica Buenos Aires Argentina
| | | | | | - Alexander Nast
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Division of Evidence‐Based Medicine Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Free University of BerlinHumboldt University of Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Dinh Nguyen
- Respiratory, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Internal Medicine Department Vinmec Healthcare System College of Health SciencesVinUniversity Hanoi Vietnam
| | | | - Ruby Pawankar
- Department of Pediatrics Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan
| | - Jonathan Peter
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Allergy and Immunology Unit University of Cape Town Lung Institute Cape Town South Africa
| | - Grzegorz Porebski
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Nieves Prior
- Allergy Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa Madrid Spain
| | - Avner Reshef
- Angioderma CenterBarzilai University Medical Center Ashkelon Israel
| | - Marc Riedl
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Bruce Ritchie
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Oncology University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Farrukh Rafique Sheikh
- Section of Adult Allergy & Immunology Department of Medicine King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - William R. Smith
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Peter J. Spaeth
- Institute of PharmacologyUniversity of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Marcin Stobiecki
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Elias Toubi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Bnai Zion Medical CenterAffiliated with Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Lilian Agnes Varga
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology Hungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Karsten Weller
- Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology Berlin Germany
| | - Andrea Zanichelli
- Department of Internal Medicine ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco Ospedale Luigi Sacco‐University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Yuxiang Zhi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Bejing Union Medical College Hospital & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Bejing China
| | - Bruce Zuraw
- University of California, San Diego San Diego California USA
| | - Timothy Craig
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics Penn State University Hershey Pennsylvania USA
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