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Raheel K, See QR, Munday V, Fakhroo B, Ivanenko O, Salvatelli ML, Mutti C, Goadsby PJ, Delogu A, Naismith SL, Holland P, Parrino L, Chaudhuri KR, Rosenzweig I. Orexin and Sleep Disturbances in Alpha-Synucleinopathies: a Systematic Review. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2024; 24:389-412. [PMID: 39031323 PMCID: PMC11349833 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-024-01359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sleep disturbances are amongst most frequent non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease (PD), and they are similarly frequently reported in other alpha-syncleinopathies, such as Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). More recently, the orexin system has been implicated in control of arousal based on salient environmental set points, and its dysregulation in sleep issues in alpha-synucleinopathies suggested by the findings from the translational animal models. However, its role in the patients with alpha-synucleinopathies remains unclear. We thus set to systematically review, and to critically assess, contemporary evidence on the association of the orexinergic system and sleep disturbances in alpha-synucleinopathies. In this systematic review, studies investigating orexin and sleep in alpha-synucleinopathies (Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Behaviour Disorder (RBD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)) were identified using electronic database searches of PubMed, Web of Science and PsychINFO using MeSH terms, keywords, and title words such as "Alpha-synucleinopathies" AND "Orexin" AND "Sleep Disturbances". RECENT FINDINGS 17 studies were included in this systemic review, of which 2 studies on RBD, 10 on PD, 4 on DLB, and 1 on MSA patients. Taken together, RBD and PD studies suggest a potential adaptive increase in orexin levels in early stages of the neurodegenerative process, with reduced levels more often reported for later, more advanced stages of illness. To date, no differences in orexin levels were demonstrated between MSA patients and healthy controls. There is a dearth of studies on the role of orexin levels in alpha-synucleinopathies. Moreover, significant methodologic limitations in the current body of work, including use of non-standardised research protocols and lack of prospective, multi-centre studies, disallow for any finite conclusion in regards to underlying pathomechanisms. Nonetheless, a picture of a complex, multifaceted relationship between the dysregulation of the orexinergic pathway and sleep disturbances in alpha-synucleinopathies is emerging. Hence, future studies disentangling orexinergic pathomechanisms of alpha-syncleinopathies are urgently needed to obtain a more comprehensive account of the role of orexinergic pathway in alpha-synucleinopathies. Pharmacological manipulations of orexins may have multiple therapeutic applications in treatment strategies, disease diagnosis, and might be effective for treating both motor and non-motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausar Raheel
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Qi Rui See
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Veronica Munday
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Basma Fakhroo
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Olga Ivanenko
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Marcello Luigi Salvatelli
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlotta Mutti
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Peter J Goadsby
- NIHR-Wellcome Trust King's Clinical Research Facility, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Alessio Delogu
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, School of Psychology; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, & Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Phil Holland
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Liborio Parrino
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neurology Unit, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Movement Disorders Unit, King's College Hospital and Department of Clinical and Basic Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Jia C, Tian L, Cheng C, Zhang J, Al-Nusaif M, Li T, Yang H, Lin Y, Li S, Le W. α-Synuclein reduces acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase mediated melatonin biosynthesis by microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta-related degradation pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:61. [PMID: 38279053 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that α-synuclein (α-SYN) is closely associated with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) related to several neurodegenerative disorders. However, the exact molecular mechanisms are still rarely investigated. In the present study, we found that in the α-SYNA53T induced RBD-like behavior mouse model, the melatonin level in the plasma and pineal gland were significantly decreased. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of α-SYN-induced melatonin reduction, we investigated the effect of α-SYN in melatonin biosynthesis. Our findings showed that α-SYN reduced the level and activity of melatonin synthesis enzyme acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT) in the pineal gland and in the cell cultures. In addition, we found that microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B) as an important autophagy adapter is involved in the degradation of ASMT. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that α-SYN increases the binding between LC3B and ASMT, leading to ASMT degradation and a consequent reduction in melatonin biosynthesis. Collectively, our results demonstrate the molecular mechanisms of α-SYN in melatonin biosynthesis, indicating that melatonin is an important molecule involved in the α-SYN-associated RBD-like behaviors, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for RBD of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Jia
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Lulu Tian
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Murad Al-Nusaif
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Tianbai Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Huijia Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Yushan Lin
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Ratan Y, Rajput A, Pareek A, Pareek A, Jain V, Sonia S, Farooqui Z, Kaur R, Singh G. Advancements in Genetic and Biochemical Insights: Unraveling the Etiopathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:73. [PMID: 38254673 PMCID: PMC10813470 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative movement disorder worldwide, which is primarily characterized by motor impairments. Even though multiple hypotheses have been proposed over the decades that explain the pathogenesis of PD, presently, there are no cures or promising preventive therapies for PD. This could be attributed to the intricate pathophysiology of PD and the poorly understood molecular mechanism. To address these challenges comprehensively, a thorough disease model is imperative for a nuanced understanding of PD's underlying pathogenic mechanisms. This review offers a detailed analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PD, with a particular emphasis on the roles played by gene-based factors in the disease's development and progression. This study includes an extensive discussion of the proteins and mutations of primary genes that are linked to PD, including α-synuclein, GBA1, LRRK2, VPS35, PINK1, DJ-1, and Parkin. Further, this review explores plausible mechanisms for DAergic neural loss, non-motor and non-dopaminergic pathologies, and the risk factors associated with PD. The present study will encourage the related research fields to understand better and analyze the current status of the biochemical mechanisms of PD, which might contribute to the design and development of efficacious and safe treatment strategies for PD in future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aishwarya Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Sonia Sonia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Zeba Farooqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda 151101, Punjab, India;
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
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Du L, He X, Fan X, Wei X, Xu L, Liang T, Wang C, Ke Y, Yung WH. Pharmacological interventions targeting α-synuclein aggregation triggered REM sleep behavior disorder and early development of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108498. [PMID: 37499913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterized by elevated motor behaviors and dream enactments in REM sleep, often preceding the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). As RBD could serve as a biomarker for early PD developments, pharmacological interventions targeting α-synuclein aggregation triggered RBD could be applied toward early PD progression. However, robust therapeutic guidelines toward PD-induced RBD are lacking, owing in part to a historical paucity of effective treatments and trials. We reviewed the bidirectional links between α-synuclein neurodegeneration, progressive sleep disorders, and RBD. We highlighted the correlation between RBD development, α-synuclein aggregation, and neuronal apoptosis in key brainstem regions involved in REM sleep atonia maintenance. The current pharmacological intervention strategies targeting RBD and their effects on progressive PD are discussed, as well as current treatments for progressive neurodegeneration and their effects on RBD. We also evaluated emerging and potential pharmacological solutions to sleep disorders and developing synucleinopathies. This review provides insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic targets underlying RBD and PD, and explores bidirectional treatment effects for both diseases, underscoring the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Du
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Innovative Pharmaceutics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaoli He
- Institute of Medical Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonuo Fan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Xiaoya Wei
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Linhao Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tuo Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Innovative Pharmaceutics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Alrouji M, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Zaafar D, Batiha GES. Orexin pathway in Parkinson's disease: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08459-5. [PMID: 37155018 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease (NDD) caused by dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra (SN). Orexin is a neuropeptide that plays a role in the pathogenesis of PD. Orexin has neuroprotective properties in dopaminergic neurons. In PD neuropathology, there is also degeneration of orexinergic neurons in the hypothalamus, in addition to dopaminergic neurons. However, the loss of orexinergic neurons in PD began after the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Reduced activity of orexinergic neurons has been linked to developing and progressing motor and non-motor symptoms in PD. In addition, the dysregulation of the orexin pathway is linked to the development of sleep disorders. The hypothalamic orexin pathway regulates various aspects of PD neuropathology at the cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels. Finally, non-motor symptoms, particularly insomnia and disturbed sleep, promote neuroinflammation and the accumulation of neurotoxic proteins as a result of defects in autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the glymphatic system. As a result, this review aimed to highlight the potential role of orexin in PD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of clinical pharmacology and therapeutic medicine, college of medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of clinical pharmacology and therapeutic medicine, college of medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Al Beheira, Egypt.
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