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Hoseinzadeh M, Molavi N, Norouzi M, Aghaei S, Zeinalian M, Hashemipour M, Tabatabaiefar MA. A Novel Homozygous Pathogenic Variant in CYP11B1 in a Female Iranian Patient with 11B Hydroxylase Deficiency. Lab Med 2022:6885678. [DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) addresses a number of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by the enzyme defects in steroid hormones biosynthesis. The second common form of CAH is caused by mutations in the CYP11B1 gene. Here, we reveal a novel mutation in the CYP11B1 gene related to the 11βOHD phenotype.
Methods and Results
Sequence analysis of the CYP11B1 gene in a 19-year-old Iranian woman with the 11βOHD phenotype was performed. In silico analysis and molecular docking were done. A novel missense homozygous variant c.1351C > T (p.L451F) in the CYP11B1 gene was identified in the patient and, according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria, was categorized as likely pathogenic. Protein docking showed destructive effects of the variant on the CYP11B1 protein-ligand interactions.
Conclusion
This study broadens the CYP11B1 mutation spectrum and introduces the novel p.L451F likely pathogenic variant leading to destructive effects on protein-ligand interactions. Our results provide reliable information for genetic counseling and molecular diagnostics of CAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Hoseinzadeh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Newsha Molavi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Mahnaz Norouzi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Shahrzad Aghaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Sahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Mehrdad Zeinalian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Mahin Hashemipour
- Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan , Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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Fylaktou I, Smyrnaki P, Sertedaki A, Dracopoulou M, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by compound heterozygosity of two novel CYP11B1 gene variants. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:155-161. [PMID: 34697763 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-021-00322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in seven genes involved in the cortisol and aldosterone biosynthetic pathway. The second most common cause, 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11βOHD), is attributed to pathogenic variants in the CYP11B1 gene encoding for the enzyme 11β-hydroxylase (11βOH). CASE PRESENTATION A 13-year-old girl was referred to the pediatric endocrinologist due to a syncopal episode. She is the third child of non-consanguineous parents. She presented with premature adrenarche at the age of 6 years and menarche at the age of 12 years. On physical examination, her height was 154.5 cm and weight 50 kg, while she presented with acne, hirsutism, clitoromegaly, and normal blood pressure. Laboratory investigation revealed increased androgen levels and poor cortisol response to the ACTH stimulation test. From the family history, the mother was diagnosed with CAH at the age of 10 years and was under treatment with methylprednisolone. Previous molecular investigation of the CYP21A2 gene was negative. Due to the increased androstenedione levels in the index patient, the suspicion of 11βOH was raised, and she was investigated for 11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, and CYP11B1 gene pathogenic variants. The patient and her mother were found to be compound heterozygous for two novel variants of the CYP11B1 gene. CONCLUSION We present a case of CAH due to compound heterozygosity of two novel pathogenic variants of the CYP11B1 gene, emphasizing the importance of molecular investigation in order to confirm clinical diagnosis and allow proper genetic counseling of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fylaktou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Center for Rare Paediatric Endocrine Diseases, First Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - P Smyrnaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Center for Rare Paediatric Endocrine Diseases, First Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A Sertedaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Center for Rare Paediatric Endocrine Diseases, First Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - M Dracopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Center for Rare Paediatric Endocrine Diseases, First Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ch Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Center for Rare Paediatric Endocrine Diseases, First Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Bin-Abbas B, Al-Humaida D, Al-Sagheir A, Qasem E, Almohanna M, Alzahrani AS. Divergent gender identity in three siblings with 46XX karyotype and severely virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by a novel CYP11B1 mutation. Endocr Pract 2019; 20:e191-7. [PMID: 25100385 DOI: 10.4158/ep14179.cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe conflicting gender identities in three karyotypically female siblings with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) caused by a novel mutation in the CYP11B1 gene, who were assigned as males at birth and followed up to adulthood. METHODS We present 3 siblings (16, 14 and 10 years old) who were born with severe genital virilization and raised as males. Clinical examination showed Prader IV to V external genitalia with a stretched penile length of 7 to 11 cm. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test showed a stimulated 11 deoxycortisol (11DOC) level of 12,300-18,700 μg/L (normal 0-5 μg/L). Their karyotypes were 46 XX, and they had normal-sized uterus and ovaries on pelvic ultrasound. DNA was isolated from peripheral leukocytes, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing revealed a novel CYP11B1 mutation. This mutation leads to a c.53_54 T insertion (c.53_54insT) with frameshift and truncation at c.115 (codon 39) of CYP11B1. RESULTS Psychological evaluation of the oldest sibling suggested a female gender identity, and she declared herself as female, and female sex was re-assigned after 1 year of psychosocial adjustment. Psychological assessment for the 2 younger siblings and a fourth 46XY sibling with the same condition revealed male gender identities, and they continued their lives as males without significant difficulties. CONCLUSION Divergent gender identity was observed in three severely masculinized 46XX siblings with CAH who carried the same CYP11B1 mutation and had comparable postnatal and probably prenatal androgen exposure and environmental circumstances. These cases suggest that the basis of gender identity is more complex than chromosomal, biochemical, and genetic constitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Bin-Abbas
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doha Al-Humaida
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Al-Sagheir
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam Qasem
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Almohanna
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alzahrani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Brixius-Anderko S, Scott EE. Structure of human cortisol-producing cytochrome P450 11B1 bound to the breast cancer drug fadrozole provides insights for drug design. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:453-460. [PMID: 30425102 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 11B1 (CYP11B1) is responsible for the final step generating the steroid hormone cortisol, which controls stress and immune responses and glucose homeostasis. CYP11B1 is a promising drug target to manage Cushing's disease, a disorder arising from excessive cortisol production. However, the design of selective inhibitors has been hampered because structural information for CYP11B1 is unavailable and the enzyme has high amino acid sequence identity (93%) to a closely related enzyme, the aldosterone-producing CYP11B2. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of human CYP11B1 (at 2.1 Å resolution) in complex with fadrozole, a racemic compound normally used to treat breast cancer by inhibiting estrogen-producing CYP19A1. Comparison of fadrozole-bound CYP11B1 with fadrozole-bound CYP11B2 revealed that despite conservation of the active-site residues, the overall structures and active sites had structural rearrangements consistent with distinct protein functions and inhibition. Whereas fadrozole binds to both CYP11B enzymes by coordinating the heme iron, CYP11B2 binds to the R enantiomer of fadrozole, and CYP11B1 binds to the S enantiomer, each with distinct orientations and interactions. These results provide insights into the cross-reactivity of drugs across multiple steroidogenic cytochrome P450 enzymes, provide a structural basis for understanding human steroidogenesis, and pave the way for the design of more selective inhibitors of each human CYP11B enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily E Scott
- From the Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and .,Pharmacology and the Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Baş F, Toksoy G, Ergun-Longmire B, Uyguner ZO, Abalı ZY, Poyrazoğlu Ş, Karaman V, Avcı Ş, Altunoğlu U, Bundak R, Karaman B, Başaran S, Darendeliler F. Prevalence, clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of classical 11 β-hydroxylase deficiency (11BOHD) in Turkish population and novel mutations in CYP11B1 gene. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 181:88-97. [PMID: 29626607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11BOHD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder and the second most common form of CAH. AIM To investigate genotype-phenotype correlation and to evaluate clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of patients with 11BOHD. METHODS A total of 28 patients (n = 14, 46,XX; n = 14, 46,XY) with classical 11BOHD from 25 unrelated families were included in this study. Screening of CYP11B1 is performed by Sanger sequencing. Pathogenic features of novel variants are investigated by the use of multiple in silico prediction tools and with family based co-segregation studies. Protein simulations were investigated for two novel coding region alterations. RESULTS The age at diagnosis ranged from 6 days to 12.5 years. Male patients received diagnose at older ages than female patients. The rate of consanguinity was high (71.4%). Five out of nine 46,XX patients were diagnosed late (age 2-8.7 years) and were assigned as male due to severe masculinization. Twenty one patients have reached adult height and sixteen were ultimately short due to delayed diagnosis. Two male patients had testicular microlithiasis and 5 (35.7%) patients had testicular adrenal rest tumor during follow up. Four patients (28.6%) had gynecomastia. Mutation analyses in 25 index patients revealed thirteen different mutations in CYP11B1 gene, 4 of which were novel (c.393 + 3A > G, c.428G > C, c.1398 + 2T > A, c.1449_1451delGGT). The most frequent mutations were c.896T > C with 32%, c.954G > A with 16% and c.1179_1180dupGA with 12% in frequency. There was not a good correlation between genotype and phenotype; phenotypic variability was observed among the patients with same mutation. CONCLUSION This study presents the high allelic heterogeneity of CYP11B1 mutations in CAH patients from Turkey. Three dimensional protein simulations may provide additional support for the pathogenicity of the genetic alterations. Our results provide reliable information for genetic counseling, preventive and therapeutic strategies for the families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdevs Baş
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey.
| | - Güven Toksoy
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Berrin Ergun-Longmire
- The University of Florida, The Studer Family Children's Hospital at Sacred Heart, Pensacola, FL, 32504, United States
| | - Zehra Oya Uyguner
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Zehra Yavaş Abalı
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Şükran Poyrazoğlu
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Volkan Karaman
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Şahin Avcı
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoğlu
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Ruveyde Bundak
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Birsen Karaman
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Seher Başaran
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Feyza Darendeliler
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
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Tafazoli A, Eshraghi P, Pantaleoni F, Vakili R, Moghaddassian M, Ghahraman M, Muto V, Paolacci S, Golyan FF, Abbaszadegan MR. Novel mutations and their genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with Noonan syndrome, using next-generation sequencing. Adv Med Sci 2018; 63:87-93. [PMID: 28957739 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Noonan Syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with many variable and heterogeneous conditions. The genetic basis for 20-30% of cases is still unknown. This study evaluates Iranian Noonan patients both clinically and genetically for the first time. MATERIALS/METHODS Mutational analysis of PTPN11 gene was performed in 15 Iranian patients, using PCR and Sanger sequencing at phase one. Then, as phase two, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in the form of targeted resequencing was utilized for analysis of exons from other related genes. Homology modelling for the novel founded mutations was performed as well. The genotype, phenotype correlation was done according to the molecular findings and clinical features. RESULTS Previously reported mutation (p.N308D) in some patients and a novel mutation (p.D155N) in one of the patients were identified in phase one. After applying NGS methods, known and new variants were found in four patients in other genes, including: CBL (p. V904I), KRAS (p. L53W), SOS1 (p. I1302V), and SOS1 (p. R552G). Structural studies of two deduced novel mutations in related genes revealed deficiencies in the mutated proteins. Following genotype, phenotype correlation, a new pattern of the presence of intellectual disability in two patients was registered. CONCLUSIONS NS shows strong variable expressivity along the high genetic heterogeneity especially in distinct populations and ethnic groups. Also possibly unknown other causative genes may be exist. Obviously, more comprehensive and new technologies like NGS methods are the best choice for detection of molecular defects in patients for genotype, phenotype correlation and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tafazoli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Peyman Eshraghi
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Research Center, Genetic and Rare Diseases, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rahim Vakili
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Moghaddassian
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martha Ghahraman
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Razavi Cancer Research Center, Razavi Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Valentina Muto
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Paolacci
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Fardi Golyan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Deng HZ, You C, Xing Y, Chen KY, Zou XB. A Family-Based Association Study of CYP11A1 and CYP11B1 Gene Polymorphisms With Autism in Chinese Trios. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:733-7. [PMID: 26690694 DOI: 10.1177/0883073815620672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with the higher prevalence in males. Our previous studies have indicated lower progesterone levels in the children with autism spectrum disorder, suggesting involvement of the cytochrome P-450scc gene (CYP11A1) and cytochrome P-45011beta gene (CYP11B1) as candidate genes in autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the family-based genetic association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2279357 in the CYP11A1 gene and rs4534 and rs4541 in the CYP11B1 gene and autism spectrum disorder in Chinese children, which were selected according to the location in the coding region and 5' and 3' regions and minor allele frequencies of greater than 0.05 in the Chinese populations. The transmission disequilibrium test and case-control association analyses were performed in 100 Chinese Han autism spectrum disorder family trios. The genotype and allele frequency of the 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms had no statistical difference between the children with autism spectrum disorder and their parents (P> .05). Transmission disequilibrium test analysis showed transmission disequilibrium of CYP11A1 gene rs2279357 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (χ(2)= 5.038,P< .001). Our findings provide further support for the hypothesis that a susceptibility gene for autism spectrum disorder exists within or near the CYP11A1 gene in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhu Deng
- Child Developmental-Behavioral Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Equal contributors
| | - Cong You
- Child Developmental-Behavioral Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Equal contributors
| | - Yu Xing
- Child Developmental-Behavioral Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Child Developmental-Behavioral Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zou
- Child Developmental-Behavioral Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Hereditary endocrine diseases are an important group of diseases with great heterogeneity. The current classification for hereditary endocrine disease is mostly based upon anatomy, which is helpful for pathophysiological interpretation, but does not address the pathogenic variability associated with different underlying genetic causes. Identification of an endocrinopathy-associated genetic alteration provides evidence for differential diagnosis, discovery of non-classical disease, and the potential for earlier diagnosis and targeted therapy. Molecular diagnosis should be routinely applied when managing patients with suspicion of hereditary disease. To enhance the accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with hereditary endocrine diseases, we propose categorization of endocrine diseases into three groups based upon the function of the mutant gene: cell differentiation, hormone synthesis and action, and tumorigenesis. Each category was further grouped according to the specific gene function. We believe that this format would facilitate practice of precision medicine in the field of hereditary endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory for Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Xu L, Xia W, Wu X, Wang X, Zhao L, Nie M. Chimeric CYP11B2/CYP11B1 causing 11β-hydroxylase deficiency in Chinese patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Steroids 2015; 101:51-5. [PMID: 26066897 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 are highly homologous genes that can form chimera following unequal crossing-over during meiosis. A chimeric CYP11B1/CYP11B2 gene causes glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (GRA), while the rare CYP11B2/CYP11B1 chimeric gene leads to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11-OHD). The aim of the study was to find the underlying genetic causes of three distinct Chinese pedigrees with 11-OHD. The family history, clinical data, laboratory findings and alterations in the CYP11B1 gene sequence were analyzed in all patients. We found that patient 1 and patient 2 harbored novel homozygotic chimeric CYP11B2/CYP11B1 genes consisting of the promoter, exons 1-6 of CYP11B2, and exons 7-9 of CYP11B1. Patient 3 had compound heterozygotic mutation with one allele containing the promoter and exons 1-6 of CYP11B2 and exons 7-9 of CYP11B1, and the other allele comprising novel, previously undescribed p.W56X (c.168G>A) mutation in exon 1 of CYP11B1. The breakpoints to form Chimeric CYP11B2/CYP11B1 were not the same for the three patients. Rare chimeric CYP11B2/CYP11B1 gene mutations are the underlying cause of disease in three patients with 11-OHD. We hypothesize that the lack expression of CYP11B1 under the control of the CYP11B2 promoter in zona fasciculata may contribute to a cortisol defect as well as the resultant 11-OHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Weibo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Min Nie
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.
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Yu R, Wang J, Wang R, Lin Y, Hu Y, Wang Y, Shu M, Lin Z. Combined pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR, homology modeling and docking studies on CYP11B1 inhibitors. Molecules 2015; 20:1014-30. [PMID: 25584832 PMCID: PMC6272247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20011014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzymes inhibitor steroid 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) can decrease the production of cortisol. Therefore, these inhibitors have an effect in the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome. A pharmacophore model generated by Genetic Algorithm with Linear Assignment for Hypermolecular Alignment of Datasets (GALAHAD) was used to align the compounds and perform comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) with Q2 = 0.658, R2 = 0.959. The pharmacophore model contained six hydrophobic regions and one acceptor atom, and electropositive and bulky substituents would be tolerated at the A and B sites, respectively. A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study based on the alignment with the atom root mean square (RMS) was applied using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) with Q2 = 0.666, R2 = 0.978, and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) with Q2 = 0.721, R2 = 0.972. These results proved that all the models have good predictability of the bioactivities of inhibitors. Furthermore, the QSAR models indicated that a hydrogen bond acceptor substituent would be disfavored at the A and B groups, while hydrophobic groups would be favored at the B site. The three-dimensional (3D) model of the CYP11B1 was generated based on the crystal structure of the CYP11B2 (PDB code 4DVQ). In order to probe the ligand-binding modes, Surflex-dock was employed to dock CYP11B1 inhibitory compounds into the active site of the receptor. The docking result showed that the imidazolidine ring of CYP11B1 inhibitors form H bonds with the amino group of residue Arg155 and Arg519, which suggested that an electronegative substituent at these positions could enhance the activities of compounds. All the models generated by GALAHAD QSAR and Docking methods provide guidance about how to design novel and potential drugs for Cushing’s syndrome treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Yong Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Yong Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Yuanqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Mao Shu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Zhihua Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
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