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Wang Y, Mei J, Zhang Y, He X, Zheng X, Tan J, Jia Q, Li N, Li D, Wang Y, Meng Z. Cathepsin F genetic mutation is associated with familial papillary thyroid cancer. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:414-424. [PMID: 35447134 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Genetic factors are important in the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer, and genetic diagnosis has become an important basis for the prognosis of benign and malignant nodules. We identify a family of six siblings with inherited thyroid cancer susceptibility. All six members of this generation have been definitely diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma. This work aims at confirming the relevant causative genes for thyroid cancer in this pedigree. METHODS We extract DNA from the peripheral blood of six individuals and perform whole genome sequencing. Sanger sequencing and immunohistochemistry further testify the cathepsin F (CTSF) mutation and expression. RESULTS We identify 57 single nucleotide variations (SNVs) out of at least 4 affected family members via certain filter criteria. The CTSF gene found in five of the six family members is here considered the most promising candidate gene mutation for familial thyroid cancer. Besides, our research also proves several known genes including CTSB, TEKT4, ESR1, MSH6, DIRC3, GNAS, and BANCR that act as probable oncogenic drivers in this family. The Sanger sequencing identifies the existence and veracity of CTSF somatic mutations. The CTSF immunohistochemistry of thyroid cancer tissue specimens displays that higher CTSF expression in mutated patients than that in wild-type patient as well as pericarcinomatous tissue. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the evaluation of CTSF gene mutations of patients in thyroid cancer families may be predictive and valuable for the familial heredity of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P R China
| | - Jingzhao Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P R China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P R China
| | - Xianghui He
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P R China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin City, Tianjin, P R China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P R China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P R China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P R China
| | - Dihua Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, P R China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Chinese Material Medical College, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai District, Tianjin, P R China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Jinghai District, Tianjin, P R China.
| | - Zhaowei Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P R China.
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Zhou L, Jiang J, Fu Y, Zhang D, Li T, Fu Q, Yan C, Zhong Y, Dionigi G, Liang N, Sun H. Diagnostic performance of Midkine ratios in fine-needle aspirates for evaluation of Cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:92. [PMID: 34689799 PMCID: PMC8543763 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a basic diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules. However, 15–30% of nodules are cytologically indeterminate. Midkine (MK), a pleiotropic growth factor, is often upregulated in patients with cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the role of MK and its ratios in fine-needle aspirates (FNA) for predicting thyroid malignancy. Methods This retrospective study included patients with thyroid nodules who underwent preoperative FNA and/or thyroidectomy between April 2017 and September 2017. MK levels in FNA washout were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and thyroglobulin (TG) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels in FNA washout were measured by chemiluminescent immunometric assays. Results A total of 217 patients with 242 nodules were included in this study. The concentrations of TG, FT4, MK/TG, MK/FT4, and FT4/MK were significantly different between papillary thyroid carcinomas and benign thyroid nodules. Both MK/TG and MK/FT4 ratios were positively correlated with maximum tumor diameter, extrathyroidal extension, and T and N stages. The area under the curve for MK/TG was 0.719 with a cutoff value of 55.57 ng/mg, while the area under the curve for MK/FT4 was 0.677 with a cutoff value of 0.11 μg/pmol. FNAC in combination with MK/FT4 had a higher sensitivity (95% vs. 91%) and accuracy (96% vs. 92%) than FNAC alone for cytologically indeterminate specimens, those of unknown significance, or those suspected of malignancy. Conclusions MK/FT4 and MK/TG may have diagnostic utility for evaluation of papillary thyroid carcinomas, particularly for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13000-021-01150-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhou
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jinxi Jiang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yantao Fu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tong Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qingfeng Fu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Division Of Laboratory Medicine Center, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yifan Zhong
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Gianlorenzo Dionigi
- Division of General and Endocrine Surgery, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nan Liang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Hui Sun
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, China.
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Rashid FA, Munkhdelger J, Fukuoka J, Bychkov A. Prevalence of BRAFV600E mutation in Asian series of papillary thyroid carcinoma-a contemporary systematic review. Gland Surg 2020; 9:1878-1900. [PMID: 33224863 PMCID: PMC7667088 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, is frequently driven by BRAFV600E mutation, which was reported in 35-60% cases in Western series. Numerous studies have recently emerged from Asian countries and regions; however sufficient summary is lacking to date. BRAF mutation serves as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in thyroid cancer, therefore establishing a rate of BRAF on the national scale could be of practical significance. We performed systematic reviews of available literature to investigate the prevalence of BRAF mutation in series of PTC from various Asian countries and regions. Out of the total 3,966 reports identified via initial screening, 138 studies encompassing over 40,000 PTCs were included for the final analysis. A vast majority (90.2%) of PTCs with known BRAF status were from East Asia, including China, South Korea, and Japan, with BRAF mutation rates of 71.2%, 75.5%, and 70.6%, respectively. Less abundant Indian and Saudi Arabian series found 45.6% and 46.3% prevalence of BRAFV600E in PTC, respectively. Much limited evidence was available from Thailand, Iran, Kazakhstan, Taiwan, Singapore, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Philippines, Vietnam, Iraq, and Myanmar. No relevant publications were found from other highly populated countries, such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Malaysia. After grouping by geographic region, we found that the highest rate of BRAFV600E was reported in the PTC series from East Asia (76.4%). Much lower rate (45-48%) was seen in PTC cohorts from South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East while the Southeast Asian series were in between (57%). Further subgroup analysis revealed that studies employing fresh frozen tissue and fine-needle aspirates showed higher rates of BRAF compared to those used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. We found that the PTC series enrolled patients' cohorts after 2010 demonstrated a higher rate of BRAF compared to the earlier series. Finally, pediatric PTCs had lower BRAF prevalence compared to the baseline rate for the country. In conclusion, despite considerable among and within countries heterogeneity, the Asian PTC series showed a higher prevalence of BRAFV600E mutation than that in Western series. Causes of geographic heterogeneity, whether genuine (etiology, genetics) or methodology-related should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Abdul Rashid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Andrey Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Xiao Q, Jia Q, Tan J, Meng Z. Serum biomarkers for thyroid cancer. Biomark Med 2020; 14:807-815. [PMID: 32677454 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of thyroid cancer requires a reliable serum biomarker for diagnosis and prognostic monitoring. Serum thyroglobulin has been established as the primary postoperative and postablative monitoring biomarker for this malignancy. However, the presence of thyroglobulin antibody imposes a significant interference on its overall management, which cannot be diminished by currently available assays. Trends on the level of the thyroglobulin antibody during follow-up is considered as a surrogate biomarker, but controversy exists. A variety of alternative biomarkers are being proposed and investigated, nevertheless, clinical trials and prospective validations are needed before they can be regarded as clinically viable serum parameters for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhaowei Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
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5
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Bioinformatic analysis of gene expression and methylation regulation in glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2017; 136:495-503. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Jia Q, Meng Z, Xu K, He X, Tan J, Zhang G, Li X, Liu N, Hu T, Zhou P, Wang S, Upadhyaya A, Liu X, Wang H, Zhang C. Serum midkine as a surrogate biomarker for metastatic prediction in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with positive thyroglobulin antibody. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43516. [PMID: 28240744 PMCID: PMC5378906 DOI: 10.1038/srep43516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is the main post-operative tumor biomarker for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, the presence of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) can interfere with Tg level and invalidate the test. In this study, we aimed to investigate the predicative value of midkine (MK) as a cancer biomarker for DTC patients with positive TgAb before the first 131I therapy. MK levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 151 recruited DTC patients after exercising strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 28 TgAb positive DTC patients with metastases and 123 DTC patients without metastases. The value of pre-131I-ablative MK to predict metastasis was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in these two groups of patients. MK levels in the TgAb positive DTC patients were significantly higher than the DTC patients without metastases. ROC showed good predictability of MK, with an area under the curve of 0.856 (P < 0.001), and a diagnostic accuracy of 83% at the optimal cut-off value of 550 pg/ml. In conclusion, we show that MK can potentially be used as a surrogate biomarker for predicting DTC metastases when Tg is not suitable due to TgAb positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhaowei Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Micro-environment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xianghui He
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Guizhi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Tianpeng Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Arun Upadhyaya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Liu C, Chen T, Liu Z. Associations between BRAF(V600E) and prognostic factors and poor outcomes in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:241. [PMID: 27600854 PMCID: PMC5012084 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study is to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the associations between the BRAFV600E mutation status and aggressive clinicopathological features and poor prognostic factors in papillary thyroid cancer. Methods A literature search was performed within the PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science databases, and EMBASE databases using the Medical Subject Headings and keywords from January 2003 to July 2015. Individual study-specific odds ratios and confidence intervals were calculated, as were the Mantel-Haenszel pooled odds ratios for the combined studies. Results Sixty-three studies of 20,764 patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with wild-type BRAF, the BRAFV600E mutation was associated with aggressive clinicopathological factors, including extrathyroidal extension, higher TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence, and was associated with reduced overall survival; however, there was no significant association between the presence of BRAF mutation and distant metastasis. Conclusions BRAF mutations are closely associated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and poorer prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer. Accordingly, aggressive treatment should be considered for papillary thyroid cancer patients with BRAF mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Number 1277, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tianwen Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Number 89, Taoyuan Road, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zeming Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Number 1277, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. .,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Number 238, Jiefanglu, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Kuzu F, Arpaci D, Unal M, Altas A, Haytaoglu G, Can M, Barut F, Kokturk F, Ilikhan SU, Bayraktaroglu T. Midkine: A Novel Biomarker to Predict Malignancy in Patients with Nodular Thyroid Disease. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:6035024. [PMID: 27446208 PMCID: PMC4944023 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6035024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Midkine (MK), a new heparin-binding growth factor, plays important roles in a variety of biological phenomena such as carcinogenesis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate serum midkine (SMK) and nodular midkine (NMK) levels in patients with thyroid nodules to predict malignancy and whether there was any association between. Methods. A total of 105 patients (74 women, 31 men) with thyroid nodules were enrolled. The levels of SMK and NMK were measured. Any possible correlation between SMK, NMK, and biochemical, cytopathological, or radiological variables was investigated. Results. Both SMK and NMK were found to be higher in hypoechoic nodules with an irregular border and without a halo (p < 0.05). Serum MK levels were significantly higher in nodules with microcalcifications than nodules with macrocalcification or without calcification (p = 0.001). SMK levels were found to be correlated with NMK levels (SMK 0.63 ng/ml versus 1.04 ng/mL and NMK 0.55 ng/mL versus 0.55 ng/mL, r (2) = 0.54, p < 0.001). Conclusion. Both SMK and NMK can predict tumorigenesis of highly malignant/suspicious thyroid cytopathology and also well correlated with sonographic features of thyroid nodules. We suggest that MK levels may serve as an alternative biomarker, in conjunction with the cytopathological results in preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kuzu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Dilek Arpaci
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Unal
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
- *Mustafa Unal:
| | - Ayfer Altas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Haytaoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Murat Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Figen Barut
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Furuzan Kokturk
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Sevil Uygun Ilikhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Taner Bayraktaroglu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
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Jee YH, Celi FS, Sampson M, Sacks DB, Remaley AT, Kebebew E, Baron J. Midkine concentrations in fine-needle aspiration of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:977-84. [PMID: 25411136 PMCID: PMC5532878 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The primary preoperative method for distinguishing malignant from benign thyroid nodules is fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, but it is frequently inconclusive. Midkine (MDK) is a heparin-binding growth factor, which is overexpressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). OBJECTIVE We measured MDK concentrations in FNA samples from benign and malignant thyroid nodules to explore the possibility that MDK measurement might aid in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. DESIGN 35 subjects underwent preoperative FNA of 45 thyroid nodules, followed by thyroidectomy, providing a histological diagnosis. FNA needle contents were first expressed for cytology, and then, the needle was washed with buffer for immunoassay. In 46 subjects without preoperative FNA samples, FNA was performed ex vivo on 62 nodules within surgically excised thyroid tissue. MEASUREMENTS MDK was measured using a high-sensitivity sandwich ELISA and normalized to thyroglobulin (Tg) concentration in the sample to adjust for tissue content in the aspirate. RESULTS The MDK/Tg ratio was higher in 18 PTCs than in 87 benign nodules (204 ± 106 vs 1·2 ± 0·3 ng/mg, mean ± SEM, P < 0·001). Using a threshold of 10 ng/mg, the sensitivity and specificity of the MDK/Tg ratio for diagnosis of PTC were 67% and 99%, respectively. All follicular variant PTCs had a MDK/Tg ratio <10 ng/mg. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that, in FNA samples, the MDK/Tg ratio in PTC is greater than in benign thyroid nodules, raising the possibility that this approach might provide adjunctive diagnostic or prognostic information to complement existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Jee
- Section on Growth and Development, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
| | - Francesco S. Celi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Maureen Sampson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - David B. Sacks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Section on Growth and Development, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
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Passon N, Bregant E, Sponziello M, Dima M, Rosignolo F, Durante C, Celano M, Russo D, Filetti S, Damante G. Somatic amplifications and deletions in genome of papillary thyroid carcinomas. Endocrine 2015; 50:453-64. [PMID: 25863487 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Somatic gene copy number variation contributes to tumor progression. Using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array, the presence of genomic imbalances was evaluated in a series of 27 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). To detect only somatic imbalances, for each sample, the reference DNA was from normal thyroid tissue of the same patient. The presence of the BRAF V600E mutation was also evaluated. Both amplifications and deletions showed an uneven distribution along the entire PTC cohort; amplifications were more frequent than deletions (mean values of 17.5 and 7.2, respectively). Number of aberration events was not even among samples, the majority of them occurring only in a small fraction of PTCs. Most frequent amplifications were detected at regions 2q35, 4q26, and 4q34.1, containing FN1, PDE5A, and GALNTL6 genes, respectively. Most frequent deletions occurred at regions 6q25.2, containing OPMR1 and IPCEF1 genes and 7q14.2, containing AOAH and ELMO1 genes. Amplification of FN1 and PDE5A genomic regions was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Frequency of amplifications and deletions was in relationship with clinical features and BRAF mutation status of tumor. In fact, according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk classification, amplifications are more frequent in higher risk samples, while deletions tend to prevail in the lower risk tumors. Analysis of single aberrations according to the ATA risk grouping shows that amplifications containing PDE5A, GALNTL6, DHRS3, and DOCK9 genes are significantly more frequent in the intermediate/high risk group than in the low risk group. Thus, our data would indicate that analysis of somatic genome aberrations by CGH array can be useful to identify additional prognostic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Passon
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Bregant
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Sponziello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Dima
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rosignolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Celano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Filetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università di Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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Choi YW, Kim YH, Lee J, Soh EY, Park TJ, Kim JH. Strong immunoexpression of midkine is associated with multiple lymph node metastases in BRAFV600E papillary thyroid carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1557-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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12
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Jia M, Zhao HZ, Cheng YP, Luo ZB, Zhang JY, Li SS, Xu XJ, Tang YM. High expression of Midkine (MK) indicates poor prognosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:69-77. [PMID: 26352402 DOI: 10.1179/1607845415y.0000000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Midkine (MK) expression has been reported to be correlated with the poor prognosis of patients with various tumors. However, there are no data available about the prognostic value of MK expression in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS In this study, MK mRNA expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 120 childhood ALL and 30 healthy volunteers. Patients were dichotomized at the median value and divided into two groups: MK(low) group and MK(high) group. RESULTS MK(high) patients had higher white blood cell counts, higher peripheral blood blasts percentages, and higher minimal residual disease levels than MK(low) patients. Moreover, the MK gene was expressed significantly higher in patients with relapsed ALL than in patients who maintained complete remission or at diagnosis. MK(high) patients harbored inferior relapse-free survival (RFS, P = 0.047) and overall survival (OS, P = 0.022) than MK(low) patients, and high expression of MK was found to be independently predictive of inferior OS (P = 0.032) but not RFS (P = 0.077) in the overall cohort. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION MK high expression is an independent adverse prognostic factor in childhood ALL. Its level may be incorporated into an improved risk classification system for ALL and suggest the need of alternative regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jia
- a Division of Hematology-Oncology , Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education , Hangzhou 310003 , PR China
| | - Hai-Zhao Zhao
- a Division of Hematology-Oncology , Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education , Hangzhou 310003 , PR China
| | - Yu-Ping Cheng
- a Division of Hematology-Oncology , Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education , Hangzhou 310003 , PR China
| | - Ze-Bin Luo
- a Division of Hematology-Oncology , Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education , Hangzhou 310003 , PR China
| | - Jing-Ying Zhang
- a Division of Hematology-Oncology , Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education , Hangzhou 310003 , PR China
| | - Si-Si Li
- a Division of Hematology-Oncology , Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education , Hangzhou 310003 , PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xu
- a Division of Hematology-Oncology , Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education , Hangzhou 310003 , PR China
| | - Yong-Min Tang
- a Division of Hematology-Oncology , Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education , Hangzhou 310003 , PR China
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13
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Khan MS, Pandith AA, Masoodi SR, Wani KA, Ul Hussain M, Mudassar S. Epigenetic silencing of TSHR gene in thyroid cancer patients in relation to their BRAF V600E mutation status. Endocrine 2014; 47:449-55. [PMID: 24927793 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Promoter hypermethylation of multiple genes have been identified to play a role in thyroid cancers and most prominent among them is TSHR gene promoter hypermethylation in particular showing a close association with BRAF gene-altered status. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the TSHR gene promoter hypermethylation in a series of thyroid tumor tissues in the backdrop of their BRAF gene mutational status. Methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) was used for detection of promoter methylation while BRAF gene mutational status was analyzed by PCR followed by DNA sequencing in the same series of 60 thyroid tumor tissues. The promoter region of TSHR gene was found to be methylated in 25 % (15 of 60) of the thyroid cancer patients. Patients having elevated TSH levels showed strong association with methylation (OR = 4.0, P = 0.02). BRAF V600E mutation was found in 25 % (15 of 60) patients and among them TSHR promoter was methylated in 73.3 % (11 of 15) patients and only 26.7 % (4 of 15) patients with mutated BRAF showed the absence of TSHR promoter methylation. We found a significant association between the presence of methylation in TSHR with the BRAF V600E mutation-positive cases (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our study showed a high implication of TSHR gene methylation and its significant association with BRAF V600E mutation in thyroid tumors, depicting a positive connection between TSHR pathway and MAP Kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosin S Khan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, 190011, Kashmir, India
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Zhang Y, Meng Z, Zhang M, Tan J, Tian W, He X, Fu Q, Xu K, He Q, Zhu M, Li X, Zhang G, He Y, Jia Q, Zhang J, Wang S, Song X. Immunohistochemical evaluation of midkine and nuclear factor-kappa B as diagnostic biomarkers for papillary thyroid cancer and synchronous metastasis. Life Sci 2014; 118:39-45. [PMID: 25283079 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Midkine (MK) is a multifunctional cytokine identified to be a promising cancer biomarker. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is an important transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. We aimed to investigate values of MK and NF-κB as markers for diagnosis and synchronous metastasis prediction in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). MAIN METHODS 76 cases of PTC and 70 cases of multi-nodular goiter (MNG) were retrieved. The PTC group was further divided into subgroup 1 (16 cases with synchronous metastases) and subgroup 2 (60 cases without metastases). A retrospective review of demographic and clinical information was performed. Immunohistochemistry of MK, NF-κB p65 and Ki-67 was performed on paraffin-embedded specimens and results were quantified. Diagnostic values of the parameters were conducted by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Protein levels of MK and NF-κB p65 were then confirmed by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Immunoreactivities of MK, NF-κB p65 and Ki-67 were significantly higher in the PTC group than in the MNG group with good differential diagnostic capabilities. Moreover, immunoreactivities of all three parameters were significantly higher in subgroup 1 than in subgroup 2 with good synchronous metastasis predictive efficacies. Western blot showed that MK and NF-κB p65 protein levels in lesions from subgroup 1 were significantly higher than those from subgroup 2, both of which were significantly higher than in MNG lesions. SIGNIFICANCE We discovered that MK and NF-κB immunohistochemistries can potentially be used for differential diagnosis between PTC and MNG, and for prediction of synchronous metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhaowei Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Weijun Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xianghui He
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenviroment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Guizhi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yajing He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xinghua Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
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