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Wang Y, Li J, Li L, Quan S, Meng G, Gu Y, Zhang Q, Liu L, Wu H, Lai S, Chen Y, Liu T, Sun S, Wang X, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. The association between raw garlic consumption and the risk of depressive symptoms: the TCLSIH cohort study. Food Funct 2024; 15:4436-4445. [PMID: 38563400 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03833e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background: Garlic has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular improvement and other beneficial effects on human health. However, few studies have evaluated the association of garlic intake with the risk of depressive symptoms. The aim of this prospective cohort was to examine the association between the frequency of raw garlic consumption and depressive symptoms in the general adult population. Methods: A total of 7427 participants (mean ± standard deviation: 39.7 ± 10.5 years) without baseline depressive symptoms were included in the cohort study. Garlic consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and depressive symptoms were assessed by a Chinese version of the Self-rating Depression Scale score (SDS score ≥ 45). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association between garlic consumption and the risk of depressive symptoms. Results: This study identified 1070 cases of depressive symptoms during a median follow-up of 2.0 years, with a depression prevalence of 73.4 cases per 1000 person-years. After multivariate adjustment, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for depressive symptoms in males were 1.00 (reference) for almost never, 1.05 (0.84, 1.32) for ≤1 time per week, 1.16 (0.90, 1.49) for 2-3 times per week, and 1.31 (0.97, 1.78) for ≥4 times per week, and in females, they were 1.00 (reference) for almost never, 0.85 (0.69, 1.06) for ≤1 time per week, 0.72 (0.54, 0.97) for 2-3 times per week, and 0.78 (0.53, 1.13) for ≥4 times per week. Conclusion: In a large general population, we demonstrate for the first time that moderate raw garlic consumption is associated with a reduced risk of depressive symptoms in females, but not in males. Additional prospective studies with long-term follow-up and randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm the preliminary results of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiao Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Li
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengxin Quan
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sizhen Lai
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinxiao Chen
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongfeng Liu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preventive Medicine Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Liu Y, Ma M, Li L, Liu F, Li Z, Yu L, Yang T, Wang Y, Gao S, Gao S, Yang R, Yu C. Association between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and dyslipidemia in patients with coronary heart disease. Endocrine 2023; 79:459-468. [PMID: 36434323 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones affect lipid metabolism via central and peripheral regulation. However, there have been few studies on the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and dyslipidemia. We aimed to investigate the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and dyslipidemia in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS A total of 31,678 patients with CHD were included in this large multicenter retrospective study. Central thyroid hormone sensitivity was evaluated using the thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index (PTFQI), thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI), and thyrotropin thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI); peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity was assessed by the ratio of free triiodothyronine (FT3)/free thyroxine (FT4). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and dyslipidemia. RESULTS Among 31,678 participants, 21,648 (68.34%) had dyslipidemia. In the multi-adjusted models, the risk of dyslipidemia was positively correlated with TFQI (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.05), PTFQI (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.06-1.12), TSHI (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.06-1.11), and TT4RI (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05-1.11). Conversely, the risk of dyslipidemia was negatively correlated with FT3/FT4 (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92-0.97). In stratified analyses, the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and dyslipidemia was statistically significant for different sexes, glucose levels, and blood pressure states. CONCLUSION There is a significant association between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and dyslipidemia, regardless of sex, glucose level, or blood pressure. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lin Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Fanfan Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Nankai Hospital: Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, 300199, China.
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Chunquan Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Wang Y, Lu S, Xu X, Zhang L, Yang J, Hu W. The interactive effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index, thyroid function, and blood lipid levels on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a crossover analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:580. [PMID: 35858832 PMCID: PMC9301852 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have demonstrated the associations between pre-pregnancy obesity, thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women. This study was designed to investigate whether and to what extent, the interactions between these factors contribute to the risk of GDM. Methods A case–control study of 232 GDM cases and 696 controls was conducted among pregnant women from Hangzhou, China. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to identify independent risk factors of GDM. Crossover analysis was performed to assess the interactive effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI), thyroid hormones, and blood lipid profiles on the risk of GDM. The indexes including attributable proportion (AP) to the interaction and the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) were calculated. Results Chinese pregnant women with pBMI > 23 kg/m2 (adjusted: OR = 4.162, p < 0.001), high triglyceride levels (> 2.30 mmol/L) (adjusted: OR = 1.735, p < 0.001), and the free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) ratio ≥ 0.502 (OR = 4.162, p < 0.001) have significantly increased risk of GDM. Crossover analysis indicated that there were significant interactions between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and FT3/FT4 ≥ 0.502 (AP = 0.550, p < 0.001; RERI = 7.586, p = 0.009), high TG levels and FT3/FT4 ≥ 0.502 (AP = 0.348, 95%CI = 0.081–0.614, P = 0.010; RERI = 2.021, 95%CI = 0.064–3.978, p = 0.043) on the risk of GDM. Conclusion The interactions between pBMI and FT3/FT4 ratio, TG level and FT3/FT4 ratio may have significant impacts on the risk of GDM in pregnant women. Such findings may help improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of GDM as well as develop comprehensive strategies for the management of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sha Lu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianrong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Uterine Cancer, The Affiliated Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wensheng Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
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