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Shin MR, Kim MJ, Lee JA, Lee ES, Park HJ, Roh SS. Coix Sprouts Affect Triglyceride Metabolism in Huh7 Cells and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Food 2024; 27:728-739. [PMID: 38808469 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipolysis is the hydrolysis of triglycerides (TGs), commonly known as fats. Intracellular lipolysis of TG is associated with adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which provides fatty acids during times of metabolic need. The aim of this study was to determine whether Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf (Coix) sprouts (CS) can alleviate obesity through lipolysis. Overall, we investigated the potential of CS under in vitro and in vivo conditions and confirmed the underlying mechanisms. Huh7 cells were exposed to free fatty acids (FFAs), and C57BL/6J mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet. When FFA were introduced into Huh7 cells, the intracellular TG levels increased within the Huh7 cells. However, CS treatment significantly reduced intracellular TG levels. Furthermore, CS decreased the expression of Pparγ and Srebp1c mRNA and downregulated the mutant Pnpla3 (I148M) mRNA. Notably, CS significantly upregulated ATGL expression. CS treatment at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day resulted in a significant and dose-dependent decrease in body weight gain and epididymal adipose tissue weight. Specifically, the group treated with CS (200 mg/kg/day) exhibited a significant modulation of serum lipid biomarkers. In addition, CS ameliorated histological alterations in both the liver and adipose tissues. In summary, CS efficiently inhibited lipid accumulation through the activation of the lipolytic enzyme ATGL coupled with the suppression of enzymes involved in TG synthesis. Consequently, CS show promise as a potential anti-obesity agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Rae Shin
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin A Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Song Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Park
- DHU Bio Convergence Testing Center, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Doueiry C, Kappler CS, Martinez-Morant C, Duncan SA. A PNPLA3-Deficient iPSC-Derived Hepatocyte Screen Identifies Pathways to Potentially Reduce Steatosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7277. [PMID: 39000384 PMCID: PMC11242544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is increasing in adults and children. Unfortunately, effective pharmacological treatments remain unavailable. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein (PNPLA3 I148M) have the most significant genetic association with the disease at all stages of its progression. A roadblock to identifying potential treatments for PNPLA3-induced NAFLD is the lack of a human cell platform that recapitulates the PNPLA3 I148M-mediated onset of lipid accumulation. Hepatocyte-like cells were generated from PNPLA3-/- and PNPLA3I148M/M-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Lipid levels were measured by staining with BODIPY 493/503 and were found to increase in PNPLA3 variant iPSC-derived hepatocytes. A small-molecule screen identified multiple compounds that target Src/PI3K/Akt signaling and could eradicate lipid accumulation in these cells. We found that drugs currently in clinical trials for cancer treatment that target the same pathways also reduced lipid accumulation in PNPLA3 variant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Doueiry
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (C.D.); (C.M.-M.)
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Christiana S. Kappler
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (C.D.); (C.M.-M.)
| | - Carla Martinez-Morant
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (C.D.); (C.M.-M.)
| | - Stephen A. Duncan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (C.D.); (C.M.-M.)
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Chen Y, Yan X, Wang T, Deng H, Deng X, Xu F, Liang H. PNPLA3 148M/M Is More Susceptible to Palmitic Acid-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells. Int J Endocrinol 2023; 2023:2872408. [PMID: 36825197 PMCID: PMC9943609 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2872408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) is a major susceptibility gene for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and its rs738409 (I148M) polymorphism is associated with the occurrence and progression of NAFLD. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related hepatocyte lipoapoptosis contributes to the progress of NAFLD. PNPLA3 is also known as a member of the calcium-independent phospholipase A2ε family, which can hydrolyze fatty acids to generate lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) that induces ER stress-related hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. Whether the PNPLA3 risk genotype 148M/M is involved in more severe ER stress-associated lipoapoptosis is unclear. METHODS A PNPLA3148I knock-in HepG2 cell model was constructed based on HepG2 expressing PNPLA3 148M/M using the Cas9/sgRNA system. PNPLA3 148M/M, I/M, and I/I cells were treated with 0.3 mM palmitic acid (PA) for 24 h to induce lipid deposition. Cellular lipid deposition was detected by oil red staining. Apoptosis was observed by TUNEL. LPC was determined by ELISA, and the expression of PNPLA3, the ER stress marker Bip, molecules involved in the ER stress PERK/elF-2a pathway, and its downstream C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)-mediated apoptotic pathway were detected by western blot. RESULTS The results showed no difference in PNPLA3 basal expression and basal hepatocyte lipid content between the three genotypes of cells. Lipid deposition and apoptosis were more severe in PNPLA3 148M/M and 148I/M cells than in I/I cells after PA treatment. PA-induced upregulation of protein expression of Bip, ER stress-responsive PERK pathway molecules p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, and CHOP-associated apoptotic molecules PUMA and Bax were more pronounced in PNPLA3 148M/M cells than in PNPLA3 148I/I cells. The basal LPC levels and the PA-treated increase of LPC levels in the cell culture supernatants did not differ between the three genotypic cells. CONCLUSION PNPLA3 148M/M cells were more susceptible to PA-induced lipid deposition and ER stress-related apoptosis than 148I/I cells, and the proapoptotic susceptibility of PNPLA3 148M/M is independent of LPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xuemei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Joint Service Support Force 903 Hospital, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongrong Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaojie Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Flessa C, Kyrou I, Nasiri‐Ansari N, Kaltsas G, Kassi E, Randeva HS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in nonalcoholic (metabolic associated) fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MAFLD). J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1585-1606. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina‐Maria Flessa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM) University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust Coventry UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM) University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust Coventry UK
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing Coventry University Coventry UK
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences Aston University Birmingham UK
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition Agricultural University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Narjes Nasiri‐Ansari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM) University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust Coventry UK
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry UK
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Martínez-Montoro JI, Cornejo-Pareja I, Gómez-Pérez AM, Tinahones FJ. Impact of Genetic Polymorphism on Response to Therapy in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:4077. [PMID: 34836332 PMCID: PMC8625016 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached pandemic proportions with derived major health and socioeconomic consequences; this tendency is expected to be further aggravated in the coming years. Obesity, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes mellitus, sedentary lifestyle, increased caloric intake and genetic predisposition constitute the main risk factors associated with the development and progression of the disease. Importantly, the interaction between the inherited genetic background and some unhealthy dietary patterns has been postulated to have an essential role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Weight loss through lifestyle modifications is considered the cornerstone of the treatment for NAFLD and the inter-individual variability in the response to some dietary approaches may be conditioned by the presence of different single nucleotide polymorphisms. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the influence of the association between genetic susceptibility and dietary habits in NAFLD pathophysiology, as well as the role of gene polymorphism in the response to lifestyle interventions and the potential interaction between nutritional genomics and other emerging therapies for NAFLD, such as bariatric surgery and several pharmacologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.I.M.-M.); (F.J.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Cornejo-Pareja
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana María Gómez-Pérez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.I.M.-M.); (F.J.T.)
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.I.M.-M.); (F.J.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Lonardo A. Renaming NAFLD to MAFLD: Could the LDE System Assist in This Transition? J Clin Med 2021; 10:492. [PMID: 33572544 PMCID: PMC7866816 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of fatty liver syndromes and their relationship with the metabolic syndrome has improved over recent decades and, paralleling this, we are now at the dawn of the NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) to MAFLD (metabolic-associated fatty liver disease) transition. The pitfalls of NAFLD diagnosis, together with disappointing results in therapeutic trials, and the inconsistencies and risks inherent in a "negative" definition (such as "nonalcoholic") as opposed to a "positive" one (i.e., "metabolic") are predicted to facilitate the proposed renaming of NAFLD to MAFLD. However, a premature change of terminology would not necessarily address major unmet needs in this area, and may even become counterproductive. As an aid to selecting more homogeneous cohorts of patients, I propose the LDE (Liver, Determinants, Extra-hepatic) classification system which, in principle, may help to assess the natural course of disease as well as the efficacy of novel drugs in patients with NAFLD/MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 4110 Modena, Italy
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