1
|
Wang M, Luo K, Bian B, Tian M, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Guo Q, Cheng G, Si N, Wei X, Yang J, Wang H, Zhou Y. Study on chemical profiling of bailing capsule and its potential mechanism against thyroiditis based on network pharmacology with molecular docking strategy. Biomed Chromatogr 2024:e5900. [PMID: 38937935 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Bailing capsule (BLC), a drug that is clinically administered to modulate the autoimmune system, exhibits promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of thyroiditis. This study elucidates the chemical profile of BLC and its potential therapeutic mechanism in thyroiditis, leveraging network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS), 58 compounds were identified, the majority of which were nucleosides and amino acids. Utilizing the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC QqQ MS/MS) strategy, 16 representative active components from six batches of BLCs were simultaneously determined. Network pharmacology analysis further revealed that the active components included 5'-adenylate, guanosine, adenosine, cordycepin, inosine, 5'-guanylic acid, and l-lysine. Targets with higher connectivity included AKT1, MAPK3, RAC1, and PIK3CA. The signaling pathways primarily focused on thyroid hormone regulation and the Ras, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK pathways, all of which were intricately linked to inflammatory immunity and hormonal regulation. Molecular docking analysis corroborated the findings from network pharmacology, revealing that adenosine, guanosine, and cordycepin exhibited strong affinity toward AKT1, MAPK3, PIK3CA, and RAC1. Overall, this study successfully elucidated the material basis and preliminary mechanism underlying BLC's intervention in thyroiditis, thus laying a solid basis for further exploration of its in-depth mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keke Luo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangqing Cheng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Si
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu H, Xu Y, Wang Y, Liu C, Chen J, Fan S, Xie L, Dong Y, Chen S, Zhou W, Li Y. Study on endocrine disruption effect of paclobutrazol and uniconazole on the thyroid of male and female rats based on lipidomics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113386. [PMID: 35286959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of paclobutrazol and uniconazole on thyroid endocrine system in rats. Lipidomic analysis was performed to obtain the biomarkers of thyroid endocrine disruption induced by paclobutrazol and uniconazole. Network pharmacology was further used to discover potential targets of biomarkers related to drugs and diseases. After paclobutrazol and uniconazole administration, seven and four common biomarkers related to thyroid endocrine disruption for female and male rats were obtained, respectively. Paclobutrazol and uniconazole significantly increased the biomarker levels of PG (12:0/15:0), PS (14:0/16:0), PA (20:1/15:0) and PG (13:0/17:0) in both sexes of rats. Exposure to paclobutrazol additionally caused a significant decrease of PG (22:6/20:2), PE (24:1/18:1) and PE (24:0/18:0) in female rats, while an increase in male rats. Changes of the common biomarkers for paclobutrazol and uniconazole revealed similar endocrine disruption effect, which was higher in the females. Network pharmacology and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the thyroid endocrine disrupting effects of paclobutrazol and uniconazole may be related to V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (Akts), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), IGF-IR and V-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF). The results demonstrated that paclobutrazol and uniconazole could cause thyroid endocrine disorders in male and female rats, which were sex-specific, thus highlighting the importance of safe and effective application of these plant growth regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chunyang Liu
- National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Area Management Office in Qinhuangdao, Daihe Fishing Port, West Beach Road, Beidaihe District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Animal Health Supervision Office in Qinhuangdao, No. 52, Guancheng South Road, Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, China
| | - Simiao Fan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yaqian Dong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yubo Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ozdemir Kutbay N, Biray Avci C, Sarer Yurekli B, Caliskan Kurt C, Shademan B, Gunduz C, Erdogan M. Effects of metformin and pioglitazone combination on apoptosis and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22547. [PMID: 32589349 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic cancer constitutes 1% of thyroid cancers, and it is one of the most aggressive cancers. Treatment options are external radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The success rate with these treatment modalities is not satisfactory. We aimed to evaluate the effects of metformin (MET) and pioglitazone (PIO) combination on apoptosis and AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the effects of MET and PIO individually and the combination of the two drugs on the cellular lines SW1736 and C643 ATC. Genes contained in the mTOR signaling pathway were examined using human mTOR Signalization RT2 Profiler PCR Array. In C643 and SW1736 cell lines, IC50 doses of MET and PIO were found out as 17.69 mM, 11.64 mM, 27.12 µM, and 23.17 µM. Also, the combination of MET and PIO was determined as an additive according to isobologram analyses. We have found the downregulation of the expression levels of oncogenic genes: AKT3, CHUK, CDC42, EIF4E, HIF1A, IKBKB, ILK, MTOR, PIK3CA, PIK3CG, PLD1, PRKCA, and RICTOR genes, in the MET and PIO combination-treated cells. In addition, expression levels of tumor suppressor genes, DDIT4, DDIT4L, EIF4EBP1, EIF4EBP2, FKBP1A, FKBP8, GSK3B, MYO1C, PTEN, ULK1, and ULK2, were found to have increased significantly. The MET + PIO combination was first applied to thyroid cancer cells, and significant reductions in the level of oncogenic genes were detected. The decreases, particularly, in AKT3, DEPTOR, EIF4E, ILK, MTOR, PIK3C, and PRKCA expressions indicate that progression can be prevented in thyroid cancer cells and these genes could be selected as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Ozdemir Kutbay
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Banu Sarer Yurekli
- Department of Endocrinology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Behrouz Shademan
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erdogan
- Department of Endocrinology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Systems Biology Approaches to Investigate Genetic and Epigenetic Molecular Progression Mechanisms for Identifying Gene Expression Signatures in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102536. [PMID: 31126066 PMCID: PMC6566633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer. Particularly, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for the highest proportion of thyroid cancer. Up to now, there are few researches discussing the pathogenesis and progression mechanisms of PTC from the viewpoint of systems biology approaches. In this study, first we constructed the candidate genetic and epigenetic network (GEN) consisting of candidate protein–protein interaction network (PPIN) and candidate gene regulatory network (GRN) by big database mining. Secondly, system identification and system order detection methods were applied to prune candidate GEN via next-generation sequencing (NGS) and DNA methylation profiles to obtain the real GEN. After that, we extracted core GENs from real GENs by the principal network projection (PNP) method. To investigate the pathogenic and progression mechanisms in each stage of PTC, core GEN was denoted in respect of KEGG pathways. Finally, by comparing two successive core signaling pathways of PTC, we not only shed light on the causes of PTC progression, but also identified essential biomarkers with specific gene expression signature. Moreover, based on the identified gene expression signature, we suggested potential candidate drugs to prevent the progression of PTC with querying Connectivity Map (CMap).
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Jia L, Wang B, Diao S, Jia R, Shang J. MiR-495/IGF-1/AKT Signaling as a Novel Axis Is Involved in the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 77:1009-1021. [PMID: 30689967 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant expression of miR-495 is associated with the progression of various cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and underlying mechanism of miR-495 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS OSCC specimens and oral cancer cell lines, as well as the OSCC microRNA expression profile from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, were used to detect the expression of miR-495 in OSCC. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed to analyze the function of miR-495. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays were used to identify the target gene of miR-495. Pearson analysis was carried out to investigate the correlation between miR-495 and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) or AKT levels. Transfection of pcDNA3.1 vector and small interfering RNA was performed to overexpress or downregulate the expression of IGF1. OSCC xenografts in mice were constructed to validate the function and mechanism of miR-495 in vivo. RESULTS MiR-495 was downregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines, and it markedly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins of OSCC cells. IGF1 was identified as a direct target gene of miR-495. Besides, AKT was confirmed to be regulated by miR-495/IGF-1 signaling, and miR-495 was negatively correlated with IGF1 and AKT in OSCC. In vivo, miR-495 inhibited the growth and EMT-related proteins of OSCC xenografts in mice. CONCLUSIONS The miR-495/IGF-1/AKT signaling axis played a tumor-suppressive role in OSCC by regulating cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, as well as EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Attending Physician, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jia
- Attending Physician, Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Resident, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Diao
- Attending Physician, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruizhi Jia
- Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajian Shang
- Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hyperglycemia and aberrant O-GlcNAcylation: contributions to tumor progression. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:175-187. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
7
|
Protein kinase B: emerging mechanisms of isoform-specific regulation of cellular signaling in cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:569-580. [PMID: 28379898 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt, is one of the multifaceted kinases in the human kinome, existing in three isoforms. PKB plays a vital role in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated oncogenesis in various malignancies and is one of the attractive targets for cancer drug discovery. Recent studies have shown that the functional significance of an individual isoform of PKB is not redundant in cancer. It has been found that PKB isoforms play distinct roles in the regulation of cellular invasion and migration during tumorigenesis. PKB activation plays a central role during epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a cellular program required for the cancer cell invasion and migration. However, the differential behavior of each PKB isoform has been shown in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Recent studies have suggested that PKBα (Akt1) plays a conflicting role in tumorigenesis by acting either as a pro-oncogenic factor by suppressing the apoptotic machinery or by restricting tumor invasion. PKBβ (Akt2) promotes cell migration and invasion and similarly PKBγ (Akt3) has been reported to promote tumor migration. As PKB is known for its pro-oncogenic properties, it needs to be unraveled how three isoforms of PKB compensate during tumor progression. In this review, we attempted to sum up how different isoforms of PKB play a role in cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance.
Collapse
|
8
|
Popp R, Li H, LeBlanc A, Mohammed Y, Aguilar-Mahecha A, Chambers AG, Lan C, Poetz O, Basik M, Batist G, Borchers CH. Immuno-Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Assays for Quantifying AKT1 and AKT2 in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines and Tumors. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10592-10600. [PMID: 28853539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Popp
- University of Victoria
Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Huiyan Li
- University of Victoria
Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - André LeBlanc
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis
Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine
Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Yassene Mohammed
- University of Victoria
Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 7X8, Canada
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Aguilar-Mahecha
- Lady Davis
Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine
Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Chambers
- University of Victoria
Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Cathy Lan
- Gerald
Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Suite 720, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Oliver Poetz
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, Reutlingen 72074, Germany
| | - Mark Basik
- Gerald
Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Suite 720, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Gerald Batist
- Gerald
Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Suite 720, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Christoph H. Borchers
- University of Victoria
Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 7X8, Canada
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis
Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine
Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald
Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Suite 720, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3T2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry
and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Petch Building, Room 270d, 3800
Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan I, Ansari IA. Prediction of a highly deleterious mutation E17K in AKT-1 gene: An in silico approach. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 10:260-266. [PMID: 29114575 PMCID: PMC5637233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The AKT1 (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue 1) kinase is a member of most frequently activated proliferation and survival signaling pathway in cancer. Recently, hyperactivation of AKT1, due to functional point mutation in the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of AKT1 gene, has been found to be associated with human colorectal, breast and ovarian cancer. Thus, considering its crucial role in cellular signaling pathway, a functional analysis of missense mutations of AKT1 gene was undertaken in this study. Twenty nine nsSNPs (non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism) within coding region of AKT1 gene were selected for our investigation and six SNPs were found to be deleterious by combinatorial predictions of various computational tools. RMSD values were calculated for the mutant models which predicted four substitutions (E17K, E319G, D32E and A255T) to be highly deleterious. The insight of the structural attribute was gained through analysis of, secondary structures, solvent accessibility and intermolecular hydrogen bond analysis which confirmed one missense mutation (E17K) to be highly deleterious nsSNPs. In conclusion, the investigated gene AKT1 has twenty nine SNPs in the coding region and through progressive analysis using different bioinformatics tools one highly deleterious SNP with rs121434592 was profiled. Thus, results of this study can pave a new platform to sort nsSNPs for several important regulatory genes that can be undertaken for the confirmation of their phenotype and their correlation with diseased status in case control studies. We have added a small portion of text in introduction part as per reviewers comment. We have added a schematic representation of methodology used (Fig. 1). We have added text in the discussion portion as per the comment of reviewer. We have also corrected the conclusion as per reviewer's comments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, INDIA
| | - Irfan A Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Robbins HL, Hague A. The PI3K/Akt Pathway in Tumors of Endocrine Tissues. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:188. [PMID: 26793165 PMCID: PMC4707207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is a key driver in carcinogenesis. Defects in this pathway in human cancer syndromes such as Cowden's disease and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia result in tumors of endocrine tissues, highlighting its importance in these cancer types. This review explores the growing evidence from multiple animal and in vitro models and from analysis of human tumors for the involvement of this pathway in the following: thyroid carcinoma subtypes, parathyroid carcinoma, pituitary tumors, adrenocortical carcinoma, phaeochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. While data are not always consistent, immunohistochemistry performed on human tumor tissue has been used alongside other techniques to demonstrate Akt overactivation. We review active Akt as a potential prognostic marker and the PI3K pathway as a therapeutic target in endocrine neoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Louise Robbins
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Angela Hague
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- *Correspondence: Angela Hague,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Romano G. The role of the dysfunctional akt-related pathway in cancer: establishment and maintenance of a malignant cell phenotype, resistance to therapy, and future strategies for drug development. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:317186. [PMID: 24381788 PMCID: PMC3870877 DOI: 10.1155/2013/317186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Akt serine/threonine kinases, or PKB, are key players in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular activities, such as growth, proliferation, protection from apoptotic injuries, control of DNA damage responses and genome stability, metabolism, migration, and angiogenesis. The Akt-related pathway responds to the stimulation mediated by growth factors, cytokines, hormones, and several nutrients. Akt is present in three isoforms: Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3, which may be alternatively named PKB α , PKB β , and PKB γ , respectively. The Akt isoforms are encoded on three diverse chromosomes and their biological functions are predominantly distinct. Deregulations in the Akt-related pathway were observed in many human maladies, including cancer, cardiopathies, neurological diseases, and type-2 diabetes. This review discusses the significance of the abnormal activities of the Akt axis in promoting and sustaining malignancies, along with the development of tumor cell populations that exhibit enhanced resistance to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. This occurrence may be responsible for the relapse of the disease, which is unfortunately very often related to fatal consequences in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Romano
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Bio Life Science Building, Suite 456, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| |
Collapse
|