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Sparrow-Downes VM, Trincao-Batra S, Cloutier P, Helleman AR, Salamatmanesh M, Gardner W, Baksh A, Kapur R, Sheridan N, Suntharalingam S, Currie L, Carrie LD, Hamilton A, Pajer K. Peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm in children and adolescents: a scoping review. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:318. [PMID: 35509053 PMCID: PMC9066835 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm in children and adolescents is difficult to treat. Peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm could lead to biomarkers to guide precision care. We therefore conducted a scoping review of research on peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm in this age group. METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were searched from January 1980-May 2020, seeking English language peer-reviewed studies about peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm, defined as completed suicide, suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, or non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in subjects, birth to 19 years of age. Studies were excluded if only investigating self-harm in persons with intellectual or developmental disability syndromes. A blinded multi-stage assessment process by pairs of co-authors selected final studies for review. Risk of bias estimates were done on final studies. RESULTS We screened 5537 unduplicated abstracts, leading to the identification of 79 eligible studies in 76 papers. Of these, 48 investigated peripheral correlates and 31 examined neural correlates. Suicidality was the focus in 2/3 of the studies, with NSSI and any type of self-harm (subjects recruited with suicidality, NSSI, or both) investigated in the remaining studies. All studies used observational designs (primarily case-control), most used convenience samples of adolescent patients which were predominately female and half of which were recruited based on a disorder. Over a quarter of the specific correlates were investigated with only one study. Inter-study agreement on findings from specific correlates with more than one study was often low. Estimates of Good for risk of bias were assigned to 37% of the studies and the majority were rated as Fair. CONCLUSIONS Research on peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm is not sufficiently mature to identify potential biomarkers. Conflicting findings were reported for many of the correlates studied. Methodological problems may have produced biased findings and results are mainly generalizable to patients and girls. We provide recommendations to improve future peripheral and neural correlate research in children and adolescents, ages 3-19 years, with self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M. Sparrow-Downes
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Department of Family Medicine Residency Program, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL St. John’s, Canada
| | - Sara Trincao-Batra
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Department of Pediatrics Residency Program, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL St. John’s, Canada
| | - Paula Cloutier
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Amanda R. Helleman
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Mina Salamatmanesh
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - William Gardner
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, ON Ottawa, Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, ON Ottawa, Canada
| | - Anton Baksh
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, ON Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rishi Kapur
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, ON Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nicole Sheridan
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Sinthuja Suntharalingam
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, ON Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lisa Currie
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, ON Ottawa, Canada
| | - Liam D. Carrie
- Research Fellow, Harbourfront Health Group, Grand Falls, NB Canada
| | - Arthur Hamilton
- grid.34428.390000 0004 1936 893XPhD Program, Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Kathleen Pajer
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, ON, Ottawa, Canada.
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2
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Olds KL, Tse R, Stables S, Baker AM, Hird K, Langlois NEI, Byard RW. An analysis of child suicide from three centers (2008-2017). Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2022; 18:415-422. [PMID: 35877004 PMCID: PMC9636085 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-022-00505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the overall suicide rate worldwide has changed minimally over the past 100 years, different trends have been observed over time in the USA, Australia, and New Zealand (NZ). However, few studies have focused on suicides in children (< 18 years), making evaluation of possible trends difficult. The last 20 years has also seen an increase in childhood obesity, eating disorders, and body image issues for children in many developed nations; however, few studies have shown whether a significant proportion of child suicides have an abnormal BMI. The current study evaluates child suicides (from 2008 to 2017) in South Australia (Australia), compared with the jurisdictions of Auckland (NZ) and Hennepin County (USA). Demographic data (age, sex, ethnicity), body mass index (BMI), the number of cases of youth suicide, and the method of suicide from these three regions were collected and analyzed. Across the 10-year period, the jurisdiction of Auckland had a downward trend, while Hennepin County and South Australia had increasing numbers of cases. The most common method of child suicide in all centers was hanging, occurring in > 80% of cases in South Australia and Auckland and 56% in Hennepin County. Hennepin County had a greater proportion of suicides using firearms (28%), compared to 1.9% in Auckland and 5.1% in South Australia. Unusual means of suicide were used less frequently by youth than previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Olds
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Rexson Tse
- LabPLUS, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Stables
- LabPLUS, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Kathryn Hird
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Neil E I Langlois
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Forensic Science South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Roger W Byard
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
- Forensic Science South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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Junuzovic M, Lind KMT, Jakobsson U. Child suicides in Sweden, 2000-2018. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:599-607. [PMID: 34476611 PMCID: PMC8821491 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although child mortality is decreasing in Sweden, an increase in suicide rates has been previously observed among children and adolescents collectively. To increase knowledge about trends, demographics, and means in child suicides, data including all child (< 18 years) suicides in Sweden in 2000 through 2018 were retrieved from the Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine. In all, a total of 416 child suicides were found in a 19-year period, accounting for an annual suicide rate of 1.1/100,000 child population. The number of suicides increased with 2.2% by each successive year during the study period (p < 0.001). The mean age in both sexes was 16 years; boys accounted for 55% and girls for 45% of all study cases. The majority of the children who died by suicide (96%) were teenagers (13-17 years old) and suicides in children younger than 10 years were uncommon. Suicide methods were 59% hanging, 20% lying/jumping in front of a moving object, 8% jumping from a height, 7% firearm injury, 4% poisoning, and 2% other methods. Sex differences were significant (p < 0.001) only for firearms being preferably used by boys. The vast majority of firearms used were licensed long-barreled weapons.Conclusion: The number of child suicides in Sweden is relatively low but increasing. Most of the children used a violent and highly lethal method. Prevention of premature mortality is an urgent concern with an emphasis on resolutely reducing the availability of suicide means. What is Known: • Suicide is a significant cause of death globally among children, bringing tragic consequences for young individuals, their family, and the entire society. • Suicide rates and distribution of suicide methods in children differ between countries and settings, but studies of time trends are scarce. What is New: • Increasing number of minors' suicides and the predominance of violent methods emphasize the importance of prevention strategies tailored for a child population. • Even in a setting of very restrictive firearm laws, firearm suicides in children must not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mensura Junuzovic
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Forensic Medicine, Umeå University, PO Box 7616, 907 12, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Kaja Maria Toporska Lind
- grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Entrégatan 7, SE-222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Jakobsson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
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Crespo KC, Rios AMFM, Martini M, Barcellos C, De Borba Telles LE, Magalhães PVS. Characteristics of suicides of young people in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, from 2010 to 2016. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2021; 17:596-601. [PMID: 34739713 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-021-00403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe demographic, toxicological, criminal, and medicolegal characteristics of suicides of young people aged up to 24 years examined by the Porto Alegre Medicolegal Office, from 2010 to 2016. This cross-sectional study collected data from the Porto Alegre Medicolegal Office and the Rio Grande do Sul State Police Department. The information was obtained from death certificates, toxicological analyses and police reports. Rates were calculated according to sex and age range (under 15 years old, 15 to 19 years old, and 20 to 24 years old) for comparing local with national data. There were 143 people who died by suicide in the period, 120 males and 23 females. Hanging was the most frequently used method, but in the range of 10 to 14 years old, firearm use was the predominant method. Fifty percent of male victims and 30% of female victims had some criminal history. Suicide rates in the study groups generally followed national trends. The relative frequency of suicide by firearm in this study diverged from international findings, as it was relatively more frequent in children under 15 years old and less frequent in older ranges. If confirmed, the finding draws attention to access to firearms in this age range. In older age ranges, adolescents and young adults were frequently involved in the criminal system. This finding may be useful for planning interventions involving both mental health education and screening for problems that may be associated with criminal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleber Cardoso Crespo
- Clinical Research Center, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Angelita Maria Ferreira Machado Rios
- Clinical Research Center, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.,Departamento Médico Legal de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Murilo Martini
- Clinical Research Center, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Camila Barcellos
- Clinical Research Center, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Lisieux Elaine De Borba Telles
- Clinical Research Center, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Pedro V S Magalhães
- Clinical Research Center, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
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Manzar MD, Albougami A, Usman N, Mamun MA. Suicide among adolescents and youths during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns: A press media reports-based exploratory study. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2021; 34:139-146. [PMID: 33811706 PMCID: PMC8251361 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Suicide incidences among adolescents and youths during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns have been reported across the world. However, no studies have been carried out to investigate cumulative nature, patterns, and causative factors of such suicide incidences. METHODS A purposive sampling of Google news between 15 February and 6 July was performed. After excluding duplicate reports, the final list comprised a total of 37-suicide cases across 11 countries. FINDINGS More male suicides were reported (21-cases, i.e., 56.76%), and the mean age of the total victims was 16.6 ± 2.7 years (out of a total of 29 cases). About two-thirds of the suicides were from three countries named India (11-cases), UK (8-cases), and the USA (6-cases). Out of 23-student victims, 14 were school-going students. Hanging was the most common suicide method accounting in 51.4% of cases. The most common suicide causalities were related to mental sufferings such as depression, loneliness, psychological distress, and so forth, whereas either online schooling or overwhelming academic distress was placed as the second most suicide stressors followed by TikTok addiction-related psychological distress, and tested with the COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS The finding of the temporal distribution of suicides concerning lockdowns may help in exploring and evolving public measures to prevent/decrease pandemic-related suicides in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl MajmaahSaudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman Albougami
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl MajmaahSaudi Arabia
| | - Norina Usman
- Department of GeneticsVA Hospital Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh (Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research – Bangladesh)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh (Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research – Bangladesh)DhakaBangladesh
- Department of Public Health and InformaticsJahangirnagar UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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Yin X, Ma D, Zhu K, Li D. Identifying intentional injuries among children and adolescents based on Machine Learning. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245437. [PMID: 33471800 PMCID: PMC7817032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to other studies, the injury monitoring of Chinese children and adolescents has captured a low level of intentional injuries on account of self-harm/suicide and violent attacks. Intentional injuries in children and adolescents have not been apparent from the data. It is possible that there has been a misclassification of existing intentional injuries, and there is a lack of research literature on the misclassification of intentional injuries. This study aimed to discuss the feasibility of discriminating the intention of injury based on Machine Learning (ML) modelling and provided ideas for understanding whether there was a misclassification of intentional injuries. METHODS Information entropy was used to determine the correlation between variables and the intention of injury, and Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Adaboost algorithms and Deep Neural Networks (DNN) were used to create an intention of injury discrimination model. The models were compared by comprehensively testing the discrimination effect to determine stability and consistency. RESULTS For the area under the ROC curve with different intentions of injuries, the NB model was 0.891, 0.880, and 0.897, respectively; the DT model was 0.870, 0.803, and 0.871, respectively; the RF model was 0.850, 0.809, and 0.845, respectively; the Adaboost model was 0.914, 0.846, and 0.914, respectively; the DNN model was 0.927, 0.835, and 0.934, respectively. In a comprehensive comparison of the five models, DNN and Adaboost models had higher values for the determination of the intention of injury. A discrimination of cases with unclear intentions of injury showed that on average, unintentional injuries, violent attacks, and self-harm/suicides accounted for 86.57%, 6.81%, and 6.62%, respectively. CONCLUSION It was feasible to use the ML algorithm to determine the injury intention of children and adolescents. The research suggested that the DNN and Adaboost models had higher values for the determination of the intention of injury. This study could build a foundation for transforming the model into a tool for rapid diagnosis and excavating potential intentional injuries of children and adolescents by widely collecting the influencing factors, extracting the influence variables characteristically, reducing the complexity and improving the performance of the models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Yin
- Department of Public Health and Health Research, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhuhai City, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Public Health and Health Research, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhuhai City, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Kejing Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Health Research, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhuhai City, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Deyun Li
- Department of Public Health and Health Research, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhuhai City, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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de Souza ALP, Segolin BW, Pessanha PB, Abreu TQDA, Mino YEE, de Freitas FAC, Botti NCL. Characterization of suicidal behavior among children in a depressive episode: case series study. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2020; 41:394-400. [PMID: 31967198 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2018-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Child suicidal behavior is related to specific childhood variations, constituting risk factors, including predisposing factors, internal factors, and environmental factors. OBJECTIVE To characterize suicidal behavior among children aged 5 to 12 years diagnosed with a depressive episode. METHODS Fifteen participants, aged 5 to 12, were assessed at a child and adolescent mental health center in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. All participants had a history of suicide attempt and were in a depressive episode at the time of assessment. RESULTS Vulnerabilities related to the children themselves were self-harm, aggression, loss of an important family figure, sexual abuse, sexuality disorders, use of alcohol or other drugs, and ill-treatment. Factors of family structure and dynamics found were psychiatric illness in family members, family conflict or violence, abandonment or rejection, history of suicidal behavior in family, parents users of alcohol and other drugs, and separated parents. Factors related to school were bullying, school difficulties/delays, high school performance, bad behavior, physical aggression, school dropout, and aggressiveness. The main methods used in suicide attempts were injury by sharp or blunt objects and intentional self-poisoning. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric comorbidities and a previous history of disturbances in the family and at school are important factors to consider with relation to suicidal behavior by children with depressive episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Bedim Pessanha
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Yasmin Emi Enemu Mino
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Filipe Augusto Cursino de Freitas
- Programa de Residência Médica em Psiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência, Centro Psíquico da Adolescência e Infância (CEPAI/FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nadja Cristiane Lappann Botti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Mestrado e Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde do Adolescente, UFSJ, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
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Lee D, Jung S, Park S, Lee K, Kweon YS, Lee EJ, Yoon KH, Cho H, Jung H, Kim AR, Shin BR, Hong HJ. Youth Suicide in Korea Across the Educational Stages. CRISIS 2019; 41:187-195. [PMID: 31512944 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Youth suicides have diverse characteristics according to the young people's developmental stages. Warning signs and communication of suicidal intent can be vague among early adolescents, while mental health problems may be more evidently related to suicidal ideation in older adolescents. Understanding the developmental characteristics of youth suicide is necessary for effective suicide prevention. Aims: We explored the differences between children and adolescents who died by suicide and the characteristics of these young people as observed by their school teachers. Method: We analyzed teachers' mandatory postmortem reports of suicides among 308 Korean students. We compared: suicide-related information including personal, familial, and school factors; stressful life events; and participation in interventions among elementary, middle, and high school students who died by suicide. We also assessed the distribution of student suicides per month. Results: Suicide among elementary school students increased during school vacations, and suicide among middle and high school students increased during the school semester. According to the teachers' reports, elementary school students who died by suicide were more extroverted and had better academic achievements than their high school peers, and had significantly lower levels of substance/tobacco use. Elementary school students who died by suicide showed significantly less academic stress and use of external professional help than did other groups. Limitations: Because this research is based on mandatory teacher reports, the subjective opinions of teachers may have affected the reliability of the data. Suicide by out-of-school youth was not included. Conclusion: School-based suicide prevention should be implemented in accordance with young people's developmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoung Lee
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Song Jung
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - KangWoo Lee
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sil Kweon
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Social Welfare Department, Suwon Science College, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Yoon
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Hannah Cho
- Psychological Consultation for Children, Sookmyung Women's University, Graduate School of Child Welfare & Studies, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeji Jung
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Ah Reum Kim
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Shin
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Hong
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
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10
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Suicide by plastic bag suffocation combined with the mixture of citric acid and baking soda in an adolescent. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133:177-180. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Suicide is 1 of the top 3 leading causes of death in the pediatric population and a serious public health concern. There are evidence-based screening tools for suicide in the pediatric population; however, predicting suicide risks can be a difficult task. The emergency department is an essential source of mental health care for youths and can serve as an important opportunity for suicide screening and subsequent targeted interventions and resource management. More research is needed in emergency department-based screening algorithms and evidence-driven interventions in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Jacques H Ambrose
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Suite 6A, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Laura M Prager
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Suite 6A, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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