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Wang Y, Wu C, Yu J, Lin S, Liu T, Zan L, Li N, Hong P, Wang X, Jia Z, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang M, Yuan X, Li C, Xu W, Zheng W, Wang X, Liao HX. Structural basis of tetanus toxin neutralization by native human monoclonal antibodies. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109070. [PMID: 33951441 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Four potent native human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting distinct epitopes on tetanus toxin (TeNT) are isolated with neutralization potency ranging from approximately 17 mg to 6 mg each that are equivalent to 250 IU of human anti-TeNT immunoglobulin. TT0170 binds fragment B, and TT0069 and TT0155 bind fragment AB. mAb TT0067 binds fragment C and blocks the binding of TeNT to gangliosides. The co-crystal structure of TT0067 with fragment C of TeNT at a 2.0-Å resolution demonstrates that mAb TT0067 directly occupies the W pocket of one of the receptor binding sites on TeNT, resulting in blocking the binding of TeNT to ganglioside on the surface of host cells. This study reveals at the atomic level the mechanism of action by the TeNT neutralizing antibody. The key neutralization epitope on the fragment C of TeNT identified in our work provides the critical information for the development of fragment C of TeNT as a better and safer tetanus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Trinomab Biotech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Changwen Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinfang Yu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shujian Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lipeng Zan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Po Hong
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Trinomab Biotech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | | | - Jason Li
- Trinomab Biotech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Trinomab Biotech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Trinomab Biotech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Chengming Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Trinomab Biotech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | - Xinquan Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Trinomab Biotech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519040, China; Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Bermejo-Jambrina M, Eder J, Helgers LC, Hertoghs N, Nijmeijer BM, Stunnenberg M, Geijtenbeek TBH. C-Type Lectin Receptors in Antiviral Immunity and Viral Escape. Front Immunol 2018; 9:590. [PMID: 29632536 PMCID: PMC5879224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors involved in recognition and induction of adaptive immunity to pathogens. Certain CLRs play an important role in viral infections as they efficiently interact with viruses. However, it has become clear that deadly viruses subvert the function of CLRs to escape antiviral immunity and promote infection. In particular, viruses target CLRs to suppress or modulate type I interferons that play a central role in the innate and adaptive defense against viruses. In this review, we discuss the function of CLRs in binding to enveloped viruses like HIV-1 and Dengue virus, and how uptake and signaling cascades have decisive effects on the outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bermejo-Jambrina
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Eder
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leanne C Helgers
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nina Hertoghs
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bernadien M Nijmeijer
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa Stunnenberg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Jimenez-Moreno CM, Herrera-Gomez IDG, Lopez-Noriega L, Lorenzo PI, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Fuente-Martin E, Mellado-Gil JM, Parnaud G, Bosco D, Gauthier BR, Martin-Montalvo A. A Simple High Efficiency Intra-Islet Transduction Protocol Using Lentiviral Vectors. Curr Gene Ther 2016; 15:436-46. [PMID: 26122098 PMCID: PMC5411998 DOI: 10.2174/1566523215666150630121557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful normalization of blood glucose in patients transplanted with pancreatic islets isolated from cadaveric donors established the proof-of-concept that Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a curable disease. Nonetheless, major caveats to the widespread use of this cell therapy approach have been the shortage of islets combined with the low viability and functional rates subsequent to transplantation. Gene therapy targeted to enhance survival and performance prior to transplantation could offer a feasible approach to circumvent these issues and sustain a durable functional β-cell mass in vivo. However, efficient and safe delivery of nucleic acids to intact islet remains a challenging task. Here we describe a simple and easy-to-use lentiviral transduction protocol that allows the transduction of approximately 80 % of mouse and human islet cells while preserving islet architecture, metabolic function and glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion. Our protocol will facilitate to fully determine the potential of gene expression modulation of therapeutically promising targets in entire pancreatic islets for xenotransplantation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benoit Raymond Gauthier
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Avenida Americo Vespucio, Parque Científico y Tecnologico Cartuja 93, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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Page M, Quartey-Papafio R, Robinson M, Hassall M, Cranage M, Stott J, Almond N. Complement-mediated virus infectivity neutralisation by HLA antibodies is associated with sterilising immunity to SIV challenge in the macaque model for HIV/AIDS. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88735. [PMID: 24551145 PMCID: PMC3925162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterilising immunity is a desired outcome for vaccination against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has been observed in the macaque model using inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). This protection was attributed to antibodies specific for cell proteins including human leucocyte antigens (HLA) class I and II incorporated into virions during vaccine and challenge virus preparation. We show here, using HLA bead arrays, that vaccinated macaques protected from virus challenge had higher serum antibody reactivity compared with non-protected animals. Moreover, reactivity was shown to be directed against HLA framework determinants. Previous studies failed to correlate serum antibody mediated virus neutralisation with protection and were confounded by cytotoxic effects. Using a virus entry assay based on TZM-bl cells we now report that, in the presence of complement, serum antibody titres that neutralise virus infectivity were higher in protected animals. We propose that complement-augmented virus neutralisation is a key factor in inducing sterilising immunity and may be difficult to achieve with HIV/SIV Env-based vaccines. Understanding how to overcome the apparent block of inactivated SIV vaccines to elicit anti-envelope protein antibodies that effectively engage the complement system could enable novel anti-HIV antibody vaccines that induce potent, virolytic serological response to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Page
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ruby Quartey-Papafio
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Robinson
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hassall
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Cranage
- Centre for Infection & Immunity, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Stott
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Almond
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
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Hu K, Luo S, Tong L, Huang X, Jin W, Huang W, Du T, Yan Y, He S, Griffin GE, Shattock RJ, Hu Q. CCL19 and CCL28 Augment Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses to HIV-1 gp140 by Mobilizing Responsive Immunocytes into Secondary Lymph Nodes and Mucosal Tissue. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1935-47. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mann JFS, McKay PF, Arokiasamy S, Patel RK, Tregoning JS, Shattock RJ. Mucosal application of gp140 encoding DNA polyplexes to different tissues results in altered immunological outcomes in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67412. [PMID: 23826293 PMCID: PMC3691144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mucosally targeted vaccines will enhance local humoral and cellular responses whilst still eliciting systemic immunity. We therefore investigated the capacity of nasal, sublingual or vaginal delivery of DNA-PEI polyplexes to prime immune responses prior to mucosal protein boost vaccination. Using a plasmid expressing the model antigen HIV CN54gp140 we show that each of these mucosal surfaces were permissive for DNA priming and production of antigen-specific antibody responses. The elicitation of systemic immune responses using nasally delivered polyplexed DNA followed by recombinant protein boost vaccination was equivalent to a systemic prime-boost regimen, but the mucosally applied modality had the advantage in that significant levels of antigen-specific IgA were detected in vaginal mucosal secretions. Moreover, mucosal vaccination elicited both local and systemic antigen-specific IgG(+) and IgA(+) antibody secreting cells. Finally, using an Influenza challenge model we found that a nasal or sublingual, but not vaginal, DNA prime/protein boost regimen protected against infectious challenge. These data demonstrate that mucosally applied plasmid DNA complexed to PEI followed by a mucosal protein boost generates sufficient antigen-specific humoral antibody production to protect from mucosal viral challenge.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Administration, Intravaginal
- Administration, Sublingual
- Administration, Topical
- Animals
- Antibodies/immunology
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Female
- Glycoproteins/administration & dosage
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunoglobulin A/blood
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nasal Mucosa/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie F S Mann
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Leaman DP, Zwick MB. Increased functional stability and homogeneity of viral envelope spikes through directed evolution. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003184. [PMID: 23468626 PMCID: PMC3585149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer, the target of anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies (Abs), is innately labile and coexists with non-native forms of Env. This lability and heterogeneity in Env has been associated with its tendency to elicit non-neutralizing Abs. Here, we use directed evolution to overcome instability and heterogeneity of a primary Env spike. HIV-1 virions were subjected to iterative cycles of destabilization followed by replication to select for Envs with enhanced stability. Two separate pools of stable Env variants with distinct sequence changes were selected using this method. Clones isolated from these viral pools could withstand heat, denaturants and other destabilizing conditions. Seven mutations in Env were associated with increased trimer stability, primarily in the heptad repeat regions of gp41, but also in V1 of gp120. Combining the seven mutations generated a variant Env with superior homogeneity and stability. This variant spike moreover showed resistance to proteolysis and to dissociation by detergent. Heterogeneity within the functional population of hyper-stable Envs was also reduced, as evidenced by a relative decrease in a proportion of virus that is resistant to the neutralizing Ab, PG9. The latter result may reflect a change in glycans on the stabilized Envs. The stabilizing mutations also increased the proportion of secreted gp140 existing in a trimeric conformation. Finally, several Env-stabilizing substitutions could stabilize Env spikes from HIV-1 clades A, B and C. Spike stabilizing mutations may be useful in the development of Env immunogens that stably retain native, trimeric structure. A vaccine is needed to prevent HIV/AIDS but eliciting potent neutralizing antibodies (Abs) against primary isolates has been a major stumbling block. The target of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies is the native envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer that is displayed on the surface of the virus. Virion associated Env typically elicits antibodies that cannot neutralize primary viruses. However, because native Env trimers can dissociate and coexist with non-fusogenic forms of Env interpreting these results are difficult. Here, we used directed evolution to select for virions that display native Env with increased stability and homogeneity. HIV-1 virions were subjected to increasingly harsh treatments that destabilize Env trimers, and the variants that survived each treatment were expanded. We could identify seven different mutations in Env that increased its stability of function in the face of multiple destabilizing treatments. When these mutations were combined, the resulting mutant Env trimers were far more stable than the original Env protein. Incorporating trimer-stabilizing mutations into Env-based immunogens should facilitate vaccine research by mitigating the confounding effects of non-native byproducts of Env decay. A similar approach may be used on other pathogens with potential vaccine targets that are difficult to isolate and maintain in a native form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Leaman
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Zwick
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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