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Tabilas C, Smith NL, Rudd BD. Shaping immunity for life: Layered development of CD8 + T cells. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:108-125. [PMID: 36653953 PMCID: PMC10205662 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the immune system was believed to develop along a linear axis of maturity from fetal life to adulthood. Now, it is clear that distinct layers of immune cells are generated from unique waves of hematopoietic progenitors during different windows of development. This model, known as the layered immune model, has provided a useful framework for understanding why distinct lineages of B cells and γδ T cells arise in succession and display unique functions in adulthood. However, the layered immune model has not been applied to CD8+ T cells, which are still often viewed as a uniform population of cells belonging to the same lineage, with functional differences between cells arising from environmental factors encountered during infection. Recent studies have challenged this idea, demonstrating that not all CD8+ T cells are created equally and that the functions of individual CD8+ T cells in adults are linked to when they were created in the host. In this review, we discuss the accumulating evidence suggesting there are distinct ontogenetic subpopulations of CD8+ T cells and propose that the layered immune model be extended to the CD8+ T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cybelle Tabilas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Co-first author
| | - Norah L. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Co-first author
| | - Brian D. Rudd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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The Emerging and Diverse Roles of Src-Like Adaptor Proteins in Health and Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:952536. [PMID: 26339145 PMCID: PMC4539169 DOI: 10.1155/2015/952536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Src-like adaptor proteins (SLAP-1 and SLAP-2) were mainly studied in lymphocytes, where they act as negative regulators and provide fine control of receptor signaling, recently, several other functions of these proteins were discovered. In addition to the well-characterized immunoregulatory functions, SLAP proteins appear to have an essential role in the pathogenesis of type I hypersensitivity, osteoporosis, and numerous malignant diseases. Both adaptor proteins are expressed in a wide variety of tissues, where they have mostly inhibitory effects on multiple intracellular signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the diverse effects of SLAP proteins.
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Kazi JU, Kabir NN, Rönnstrand L. Role of SRC-like adaptor protein (SLAP) in immune and malignant cell signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2535-44. [PMID: 25772501 PMCID: PMC11113356 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SRC-like adaptor protein (SLAP) is an adaptor protein structurally similar to the SRC family protein kinases. Like SRC, SLAP contains an SH3 domain followed by an SH2 domain but the kinase domain has been replaced by a unique C-terminal region. SLAP is expressed in a variety of cell types. Current studies suggest that it regulates signaling of various cell surface receptors including the B cell receptor, the T cell receptor, cytokine receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases which are important regulator of immune and cancer cell signaling. SLAP targets receptors, or its associated components, by recruiting the ubiquitin machinery and thereby destabilizing signaling. SLAP directs receptors to ubiquitination-mediated degradation and controls receptors turnover as well as signaling. Thus, SLAP appears to be an important component in regulating signal transduction required for immune and malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U. Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village 404:C3, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Nuzhat N. Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village 404:C3, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Friend SF, Deason-Towne F, Peterson LK, Berger AJ, Dragone LL. Regulation of T cell receptor complex-mediated signaling by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifications. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 3:107-123. [PMID: 25628960 PMCID: PMC4299764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational protein modifications are a dynamic method of regulating protein function in response to environmental signals. As with any cellular process, T cell receptor (TCR) complex-mediated signaling is highly regulated, since the strength and duration of TCR-generated signals governs T cell development and activation. While regulation of TCR complex-mediated signaling by phosphorylation has been well studied, regulation by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers is still an emerging area of investigation. This review will examine how ubiquitin, E3 ubiquitin ligases, and other ubiquitin-like modifications such as SUMO and NEDD8 regulate TCR complex-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha F Friend
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of MedicineAurora, CO 80045, USA
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and National Jewish HealthDenver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Francina Deason-Towne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of MedicineAurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Biology, Regis UniversityDenver, CO 80221, USA
| | - Lisa K Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of MedicineAurora, CO 80045, USA
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and National Jewish HealthDenver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Allison J Berger
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co.Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leonard L Dragone
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of MedicineAurora, CO 80045, USA
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and National Jewish HealthDenver, CO 80206, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Colorado Children’s HospitalAurora, CO 80045, USA
- Since completing this study, Dr. Dragone has joined Genentech, a member of the Roche group. GenentechSouth San Francisco, CA 94090, USA
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Peterson LK, Pennington LF, Shaw LA, Brown M, Treacy EC, Friend SF, Hatlevik Ø, Rubtsova K, Rubtsov AV, Dragone LL. SLAP deficiency decreases dsDNA autoantibody production. Clin Immunol 2014; 150:201-9. [PMID: 24440645 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) adapts c-Cbl, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, to activated components of the BCR signaling complex regulating BCR levels and signaling in developing B cells. Based on this function, we asked whether SLAP deficiency could decrease the threshold for tolerance and eliminate development of autoreactive B cells in two models of autoantibody production. First, we sensitized mice with a dsDNA mimetope that causes an anti-dsDNA response. Despite equivalent production of anti-peptide antibodies compared to BALB/c controls, SLAP(-/-) mice did not produce anti-dsDNA. Second, we used the 56R tolerance model. SLAP(-/-) 56R mice had decreased levels of dsDNA-reactive antibodies compared to 56R mice due to skewed light chain usage. Thus, SLAP is a critical regulator of B-cell development and function and its deficiency leads to decreased autoreactive B cells that are otherwise maintained by inefficient receptor editing or failed negative selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Luke F Pennington
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Laura A Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Meredith Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Eric C Treacy
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Samantha F Friend
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Øyvind Hatlevik
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Kira Rubtsova
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Anatoly V Rubtsov
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Leonard L Dragone
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Colorado Children's Hospital, 13123 E. 16th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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O’Rawe JA, Fang H, Rynearson S, Robison R, Kiruluta ES, Higgins G, Eilbeck K, Reese MG, Lyon GJ. Integrating precision medicine in the study and clinical treatment of a severely mentally ill person. PeerJ 2013; 1:e177. [PMID: 24109560 PMCID: PMC3792182 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. In recent years, there has been an explosion in the number of technical and medical diagnostic platforms being developed. This has greatly improved our ability to more accurately, and more comprehensively, explore and characterize human biological systems on the individual level. Large quantities of biomedical data are now being generated and archived in many separate research and clinical activities, but there exists a paucity of studies that integrate the areas of clinical neuropsychiatry, personal genomics and brain-machine interfaces. Methods. A single person with severe mental illness was implanted with the Medtronic Reclaim(®) Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Therapy device for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), targeting his nucleus accumbens/anterior limb of the internal capsule. Programming of the device and psychiatric assessments occurred in an outpatient setting for over two years. His genome was sequenced and variants were detected in the Illumina Whole Genome Sequencing Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified laboratory. Results. We report here the detailed phenotypic characterization, clinical-grade whole genome sequencing (WGS), and two-year outcome of a man with severe OCD treated with DBS. Since implantation, this man has reported steady improvement, highlighted by a steady decline in his Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) score from ∼38 to a score of ∼25. A rechargeable Activa RC neurostimulator battery has been of major benefit in terms of facilitating a degree of stability and control over the stimulation. His psychiatric symptoms reliably worsen within hours of the battery becoming depleted, thus providing confirmatory evidence for the efficacy of DBS for OCD in this person. WGS revealed that he is a heterozygote for the p.Val66Met variant in BDNF, encoding a member of the nerve growth factor family, and which has been found to predispose carriers to various psychiatric illnesses. He carries the p.Glu429Ala allele in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and the p.Asp7Asn allele in ChAT, encoding choline O-acetyltransferase, with both alleles having been shown to confer an elevated susceptibility to psychoses. We have found thousands of other variants in his genome, including pharmacogenetic and copy number variants. This information has been archived and offered to this person alongside the clinical sequencing data, so that he and others can re-analyze his genome for years to come. Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the clinical neurosciences that integrates detailed neuropsychiatric phenotyping, deep brain stimulation for OCD and clinical-grade WGS with management of genetic results in the medical treatment of one person with severe mental illness. We offer this as an example of precision medicine in neuropsychiatry including brain-implantable devices and genomics-guided preventive health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. O’Rawe
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Han Fang
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Shawn Rynearson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Reid Robison
- Utah Foundation for Biomedical Research, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Karen Eilbeck
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Gholson J. Lyon
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Utah Foundation for Biomedical Research, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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