1
|
Ohno H, Nakagawa M, Kishimori C, Fukutsuka K, Maekawa F, Takeoka K, Hayashida M, Sakamoto S, Akasaka T, Honjo G. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma carrying t(9;14)(p13;q32)/PAX5-immunoglobulin heavy chain gene is characterized by nuclear positivity of MUM1 and PAX5 by immunohistochemistry. Hematol Oncol 2020; 38:171-180. [PMID: 31955451 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We described four patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) carrying t(9;14)(p13;q32) that places the PAX5 adjacent to the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene. Ages ranged between 63 and 80, and three were female. One developed a nodal disease, and the other three involved extranodal organs. The lymphoma cells were CD10- /BCL6- /MUM1+ in three and CD10+ /BCL6+ /MUM1+ in one. BCL2 was weak or negative. All had t(9;14)(p13;q32), and three had additional 14q32/IGH translocations or +der(14)t(9;14)(p13;q32). Fluorescence in situ hybridization using the PAX5 break-apart probe showed that the locus was disrupted between the 5' and 3' probes or within the 5' probe. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a monoclonal antibody against PAX5 showed strong nuclear positivity in all four patients. Cell block IHC of a CD30+ DLBCL cell line, KIS-1, which carried the t(9;14)(p13;q32) and PAX5-IGH fusion gene, reproduced the CD10- /BCL6- /MUM1+ immunophenotype, low-level BCL2, and strong nuclear PAX5. Uniform nuclear positivity of MUM1 in all four cases and KIS-1 cells suggest that these lymphomas arose at a late stage of B-cell differentiation, where expression of PAX5 physiologically becomes downregulated. It is therefore possible that high-level PAX5 resulting from t(9;14)(p13;q32) at this stage of differentiation perturbs the plasma cell differentiation program initiated by PAX5 repression, thereby contributing to the development of a fraction of DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ohno
- Department of Hematology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Japan.,Tenri Institute of Medical Research, Tenri, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Kayo Takeoka
- Tenri Institute of Medical Research, Tenri, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Surgical Pathology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Japan
| | | | - Gen Honjo
- Department of Diagnostic Surgical Pathology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guerrero-Preston R, Lawson F, Rodriguez-Torres S, Noordhuis MG, Pirini F, Manuel L, Valle BL, Hadar T, Rivera B, Folawiyo O, Baez A, Marchionni L, Koch WM, Westra WH, Kim YJ, Eshleman JR, Sidransky D. JAK3 Variant, Immune Signatures, DNA Methylation, and Social Determinants Linked to Survival Racial Disparities in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:255-270. [PMID: 30777857 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To inform novel personalized medicine approaches for race and socioeconomic disparities in head and neck cancer, we examined germline and somatic mutations, immune signatures, and epigenetic alterations linked to neighborhood determinants of health in Black and non-Latino White (NLW) patients with head and neck cancer. Cox proportional hazards revealed that Black patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (HNSCC) with PAX5 (P = 0.06) and PAX1 (P = 0.017) promoter methylation had worse survival than NLW patients, after controlling for education, zipcode, and tumor-node-metastasis stage (n = 118). We also found that promoter methylation of PAX1 and PAX5 (n = 78), was correlated with neighborhood characteristics at the zip-code level (P < 0.05). Analyses also showed differences in the frequency of TP53 mutations (n = 32) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) counts (n = 24), and the presence of a specific C → A germline mutation in JAK3, chr19:17954215 (protein P132T), in Black patients with HNSCC (n = 73; P < 0.05), when compared with NLW (n = 37) patients. TIL counts are associated (P = 0.035) with long-term (>5 years), when compared with short-term survival (<2 years). We show bio-social determinants of health associated with survival in Black patients with HNSCC, which together with racial differences shown in germline mutations, somatic mutations, and TIL counts, suggests that contextual factors may significantly inform precision oncology services for diverse populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Guerrero-Preston
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Fahcina Lawson
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sebastian Rodriguez-Torres
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maartje G Noordhuis
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francesca Pirini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Manuel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Blanca L Valle
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tal Hadar
- Breast Health Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bianca Rivera
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Oluwasina Folawiyo
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adriana Baez
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wayne M Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William H Westra
- Department of Pathology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Young J Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R Eshleman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matthews AJ, Zheng S, DiMenna LJ, Chaudhuri J. Regulation of immunoglobulin class-switch recombination: choreography of noncoding transcription, targeted DNA deamination, and long-range DNA repair. Adv Immunol 2014; 122:1-57. [PMID: 24507154 PMCID: PMC4150736 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800267-4.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Upon encountering antigens, mature IgM-positive B lymphocytes undergo class-switch recombination (CSR) wherein exons encoding the default Cμ constant coding gene segment of the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain (Igh) locus are excised and replaced with a new constant gene segment (referred to as "Ch genes", e.g., Cγ, Cɛ, or Cα). The B cell thereby changes from expressing IgM to one producing IgG, IgE, or IgA, with each antibody isotype having a different effector function during an immune reaction. CSR is a DNA deletional-recombination reaction that proceeds through the generation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in repetitive switch (S) sequences preceding each Ch gene and is completed by end-joining between donor Sμ and acceptor S regions. CSR is a multistep reaction requiring transcription through S regions, the DNA cytidine deaminase AID, and the participation of several general DNA repair pathways including base excision repair, mismatch repair, and classical nonhomologous end-joining. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of how transcription through S regions generates substrates for AID-mediated deamination and how AID participates not only in the initiation of CSR but also in the conversion of deaminated residues into DSBs. Additionally, we review the multiple processes that regulate AID expression and facilitate its recruitment specifically to the Ig loci, and how deregulation of AID specificity leads to oncogenic translocations. Finally, we summarize recent data on the potential role of AID in the maintenance of the pluripotent stem cell state during epigenetic reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allysia J Matthews
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
| | - Simin Zheng
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lauren J DiMenna
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jayanta Chaudhuri
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|