Haemoglobin levels in autoimmune haemolytic anaemias at diagnosis: relationship with immunoproteins on red blood cells

Salivary Immunoglobulin Gamma-3 Chain C Is a Promising Noninvasive Biomarker for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

We aimed to characterize the salivary protein components and identify biomarkers in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A proteomic analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry was performed to determine the alterations of salivary proteins between patients with SLE and healthy controls, and the concentrations of the candidate proteins were measured through Western blot analysis and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The 10 differentially expressed protein spots were immunoglobulin gamma-3 chain C region (IGHG3), immunoglobulin alpha-1 chain C region, protein S100A8, lactoferrin, leukemia-associated protein 7, and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase. The patients with SLE exhibited enhanced salivary IGHG3 (3.9 ± 2.15 pg/mL) and lactoferrin (4.7 ± 1.8 pg/mL) levels compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1.8 ± 1.01 pg/mL and 3.2 ± 1.6 pg/mL, respectively; p < 0.001 for both) or healthy controls (2.2 ± 1.64 pg/mL and 2.2 ± 1.7 pg/mL, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). The salivary IGHG3 levels correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.26, p = 0.01), anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody levels (r = 0.25, p = 0.01), and nephritis (r = 0.28, p = 0.01). The proteomic analysis revealed that the salivary IGHG3 levels were associated with SLE and lupus disease activity, suggesting that salivary IGHG3 may be a promising noninvasive biomarker for SLE.

The Role of Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to Control Autoimmune Disease

There are 80 types of autoimmune diseases (ADs) with some of the same symptoms, but causes are still unclear. The major treatment of ADs is immunosuppressive drugs but these are not effective and associated with substantial toxicities. Stem cell has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in halting destructive immune response and restoring the body to level of normal function by providing cellular level repair of damage, increasing blood flow, and reducing inflammation. Adipose tissue is one of the most potent and concentrated source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as an anti-inflammatory and tissue protecting agent which is promote healing and minimal invasive. This study conducted in 20 patients with ADs (11 women and 9 men) in various age between 22 to 70 years old. Patients treated with autologous adipose-derived MSCs implantation through catheterization. The laboratory analysis result of patients before and after MSCs application in 6 months were measured, include haemoglobin (Hb), leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), protein and blood levels in urine, high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP), C3 and C4 complement, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA). MSCs are able to improve the performance of hemoglobin which statistically significant increased (p=0.002). MSCs are able to reduce the inflammatory as shown in the number of leukocytes (p=0.015) and ESR (p=0.031) which statistically significant decreased. MSCs can repair the renal function as shown in no presences of protein and blood in patient’s urine. MSCs are also able to augment the immune response as shown in hsCRP which statistically significant decreased (p<0.001), while C3 and C4 complements statistically significant increased (p<0.001). ANA and anti-dsDNA showed a negative result which means MSCs therapy may give a good response to heal the ADs.

IgG autoantibody subclasses altered in immuno-related hemocytopenia

Recently, we have detected autoantibodies to bone marrow (BM) hemopoietic cells in some idiopathic cytopenia of undetermined significance (ICUS), terming as immunorelated hemocytopenia. Immunoglobulin G consists of 4 subclasses which have different biological functions in many diseases. In this study, we analyzed the alterations of IgG subclasses in 27 IRH patients compared with 20 ICUS patients and 20 normal controls. The results showed that IgG1 and IgG3 levels were increased in the bone marrow supernatant in IRH patients, and had inverse correlations with hematopoietic function. Meanwhile IgG1 level had a positive correlation with the proportion of CD5+ B lymphocytes. Using immunohistochemical staining, IgG1 were also detected on bone marrow nucleated cells in IRH patients. All these results indicated that IgG1 on bone marrow cells in some IRH patients might be involved in the destruction of hematopoietic cells leading to cytopenia and might be a novel therapeutic target in future.