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Hornick EE, Dagvadorj J, Zacharias ZR, Miller AM, Langlois RA, Chen P, Legge KL, Bishop GA, Sutterwala FS, Cassel SL. Dendritic cell NLRC4 regulates influenza A virus-specific CD4 T cell responses through FasL expression. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2888-2897. [PMID: 31038471 DOI: 10.1172/jci124937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV)-specific T cell responses are important correlates of protection during primary and subsequent infections. Generation and maintenance of robust IAV-specific T cell responses relies on T cell interactions with dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we explore the role of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptor family member NLRC4 in modulating the DC phenotype during IAV infection. Nlrc4-/- mice had worsened survival and increased viral titers during infection, normal innate immune cell recruitment and IAV-specific CD8 T cell responses, but severely blunted IAV-specific CD4 T cell responses compared to wild-type mice. The defect in the pulmonary IAV-specific CD4 T cell response was not a result of defective priming or migration of these cells in Nlrc4-/- mice but was instead due to an increase in FasL+ DCs, resulting in IAV-specific CD4 T cell death. Together, our data support a novel role for NLRC4 in regulating the phenotype of lung DCs during a respiratory viral infection, and thereby influencing the magnitude of protective T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Hornick
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jargalsaikhan Dagvadorj
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zeb R Zacharias
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ann M Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin L Legge
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Suzanne L Cassel
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Richards KA, DiPiazza AT, Rattan A, Knowlden ZAG, Yang H, Sant AJ. Diverse Epitope Specificity, Immunodominance Hierarchy, and Functional Avidity of Effector CD4 T Cells Established During Priming Is Maintained in Lung After Influenza A Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:655. [PMID: 29681900 PMCID: PMC5897437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major contributions to protective immunity to influenza viruses that is provided by virus-specific CD4 T cells is delivery of effector function to the infected lung. However, there is little known about the selection and breadth of viral epitope-specific CD4 T cells that home to the lung after their initial priming. In this study, using a mouse model of influenza A infection and an unbiased method of epitope identification, the viral epitope-specific CD4 T cells elicited after infection were identified and quantified. We found that a very diverse specificity of CD4 T cells is primed by infection, including epitopes from hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix protein, nucleoprotein, and non-structural protein-1. Using peptide-specific cytokine EliSpots, the diversity and immunodominance hierarchies established in the lung-draining lymph node were compared with specificities of CD4 T cells that home to the lung. Our studies revealed that CD4 T cells of all epitope specificities identified in peripheral lymphoid tissue home back to the lung and that most of these lung-homing cells are localized within the tissue rather than the pulmonary vasculature. There is a striking shift of CD4 T cell functionality that enriches for IFN-γ production as cells are primed in the lymph node, enter the lung vasculature, and finally establish residency in the tissue, but with no apparent shifts in their functional avidity. We conclude that CD4 T cells of broad viral epitope specificity are recruited into the lung after influenza infection, where they then have the opportunity to encounter infected or antigen-bearing antigen-presenting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Richards
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Anthony T. DiPiazza
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center NIAID, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ajitanuj Rattan
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zackery A. G. Knowlden
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Andrea J. Sant
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Limgala RP, Ioanou C, Plassmeyer M, Ryherd M, Kozhaya L, Austin L, Abidoglu C, Unutmaz D, Alpan O, Goker-Alpan O. Time of Initiating Enzyme Replacement Therapy Affects Immune Abnormalities and Disease Severity in Patients with Gaucher Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168135. [PMID: 27942037 PMCID: PMC5152900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) patients often present with abnormalities in immune response that may be the result of alterations in cellular and/or humoral immunity. However, how the treatment and clinical features of patients impact the perturbation of their immunological status remains unclear. To address this, we assessed the immune profile of 26 GD patients who were part of an enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) study. Patients were evaluated clinically for onset of GD symptoms, duration of therapy and validated outcome measures for ERT. According to DS3 disease severity scoring system criteria, they were assigned to have mild, moderate or severe GD. Flow cytometry based immunophenotyping was performed to analyze subsets of T, B, NK, NKT and dendritic cells. GD patients showed multiple types of immune abnormalities associated to T and B lymphocytes with respect to their subpopulations as well as memory and activation markers. Skewing of CD4 and CD8 T cell numbers resulting in lower CD4/CD8 ratio and an increase in overall T cell activation were observed. A decrease in the overall B cells and an increase in NK and NKT cells were noted in the GD patients compared to controls. These immune alterations do not correlate with GD clinical type or level of biomarkers. However, subjects with persistent immune alterations, especially in B cells and DCs correlate with longer delay in initiation of ERT (ΔTX). Thus, while ERT may reverse some of these immune abnormalities, the immune cell alterations become persistent if therapy is further delayed. These findings have important implications in understanding the immune disruptions before and after treatment of GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Pudi Limgala
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
- Amerimmune, O and O Alpan, LLC, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chidima Ioanou
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Matthew Plassmeyer
- Amerimmune, O and O Alpan, LLC, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mark Ryherd
- Amerimmune, O and O Alpan, LLC, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lina Kozhaya
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Lauren Austin
- Amerimmune, O and O Alpan, LLC, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Cem Abidoglu
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Derya Unutmaz
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Oral Alpan
- Amerimmune, O and O Alpan, LLC, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
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