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Qureshi AI, Asif A, Waqas MA, Aytac E, Gurkas E, Saleem MA, Wallery SS. Assessment of Cerebral Vasodilatory Capacity as Part of Catheter-Based Cerebral Angiography. J Neuroimaging 2019; 30:90-96. [PMID: 31565831 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral vasodilatory capacity assessment for risk stratification in patients with extracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion may be useful. We describe a new method that assesses cerebral vasodilatory capacity as part of catheter-based cerebral angiography. METHODS We prospectively assessed regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in the arterial distribution of interest using a controlled contrast injection in the common carotid or the subclavian arteries. rCBV maps were created using a predefined algorithm based on contrast distribution in the venous phase (voxel size: .466 mm3 ). rCBV maps were acquired again after selective administration of intra-arterial nicardipine (2.0 mg) distal to the stenosis. Two independent observers graded the change in rCBV in 10 predefined anatomical regions within the tributaries of the artery of interest (0 = reduction, 1 = no change, 2 = increase) and total rCBV change scores were summated. RESULTS Twenty-five patients with internal carotid artery stenosis (n = 18; 0-90% in severity) or extracranial vertebral artery stenosis (n = 7; 0-100% in severity) were assessed. There was an increase in rCBV in a tributary of the artery of interest in 18 of 25 after intra-arterial nicardipine (mean score: 11.98; range 0-19.5). There was no change or decrease in rCBV in 7 of 25 patients. The mean rCBV change score was similar in patients with an assessment of internal carotid artery or vertebral artery distributions (12.2 ± 5.3; 11.4 ± 2.5; P = .68). CONCLUSION Selective vasodilatory response to intra-arterial nicardipine in the affected arterial distribution during catheter-based cerebral angiography may provide new data for risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan I Qureshi
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud, MN and Mercyhealth Rockford Hospital, Rockford, IL.,Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Ahmer Asif
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud, MN and Mercyhealth Rockford Hospital, Rockford, IL
| | - Muhammad A Waqas
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud, MN and Mercyhealth Rockford Hospital, Rockford, IL
| | - Emrah Aytac
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud, MN and Mercyhealth Rockford Hospital, Rockford, IL.,Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, Department of Neurology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Erdem Gurkas
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud, MN and Mercyhealth Rockford Hospital, Rockford, IL.,Department of Neurology, SBU Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammad A Saleem
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud, MN and Mercyhealth Rockford Hospital, Rockford, IL
| | - Shawn S Wallery
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud, MN and Mercyhealth Rockford Hospital, Rockford, IL
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Abstract
Cardioembolic stroke is a critical health condition that requires immediate intervention. Cardiac emboli are the most common type of embolism and account for 14% to 30% of all ischemic strokes. Atrial fibrillation is the most common cause of cardioembolic strokes, and its prevalence increases substantially with age. Other factors that increase the risk for cardioembolic stroke include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cardiac disease, and lifestyle choices. General supportive care and treatment of the acute phase and subsequent complications should be started immediately. Nurses must play an active role in screening patients for stroke subtypes, using appropriate diagnostic tools, and providing medical and nursing interventions. Nurses also play a crucial role in prevention by providing education to patients and patients' families on how to recognize stroke signs and symptoms. This case study discusses the course of illness, treatment, and prevention strategies for patients who have suffered cardioembolic stroke due to atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Babkair
- Lisa A. Babkair holds an academic appointment at King AbdulAziz University, College of Nursing, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and is currently a doctoral candidate at New York University, New York, New York.
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Qureshi AI, Saleem MA, Naseem N, Wallery SS. A New Technique for the Assessment of Cerebral Vasodilatory Capacity as Part of Catheter-Based Cerebral Angiography. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:1822-1827. [PMID: 29571761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated the value of cerebral vasodilatory capacity assessment for risk stratification in patients with extracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion. We describe a new method that assesses cerebral vasodilatory capacity as part of catheter-based cerebral angiography. METHODS We assessed regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in the arterial distribution of interest using a controlled contrast injection through a diagnostic catheter placed in the common carotid or the subclavian artery. rCBV maps were created using predefined algorithm based on contrast distribution in the venous phase (voxel size 0.466 mm3) into high, intermediate, low, and no detectable rCBV regions. rCBV maps were acquired again after the administration of intra-arterial nicardipine (1.5-2.5 mg), and percentage increases of the area of various grades of rCBV were calculated. RESULTS Three patients with internal carotid artery stenosis (32% - 64% in severity) and 1 patient with extracranial vertebral artery stenosis (46% in severity) were assessed. There was a variable but consistent increase in the area of high rCBV in the ipsilateral hemisphere in 3 patients with internal carotid artery flow (5.5%-24.5%) and the cerebellum (9.6%) in 1 patient with vertebral artery flow assessments. The increase in high rCBV was most prominent in the patient who received 2.5 mg (24.5%) and least prominent in a patient who received 1.5 mg (5.5%) of intra-arterial nicardipine. There was a concurrent reduction in areas of intermediate and low rCBV (shift) in 3 patients, and there was an increase in all areas of rCBV grades (addition) in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS Selective assessment of cerebral vasodilatory response in the affected arterial distribution is feasible during catheter-based cerebral angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan I Qureshi
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud, Minnesota; University of Illinois and Mercyhealth, Rockford, Illinois
| | - Muhammad A Saleem
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud, Minnesota; Mercyhealth, Janesville, Wisconsin.
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Baltsavias G, Yella S, Al Shameri RA, Luft A, Valavanis A. Intra-arterial administration of papaverine during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 24:41-7. [PMID: 25440359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of stent retrievers for mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke may induce significant vasospasm, which at the early phases of reperfusion may be crucial for rethrombosis of the recanalized vessel. We aimed to study whether the use of intra-arterial papaverine in selected cases of vasospasm was associated with improved cerebral perfusion, arterial reocclusion, or increased hemorrhagic complications. METHODS We retrospectively studied 9 consecutive patients with large artery acute occlusion, treated with stent retriever and intra-arterial papaverine. Onset to administration of intravenous recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator time, baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, time to reperfusion, number of passes of the stent retriever, modified Rankin Scale score at discharge, postprocedural hemorrhage, onset to reperfusion time, papaverine dose, and thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grade were recorded in all patients. RESULTS After papaverine administration, the caliber of the infused arteries and their flow was increased in all cases. In none of the treated cases a reocclusion occurred after papaverine infusion. In one of the studied patients (11%), a parenchymal bleeding occurred 36 hours postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS This small study suggests that intra-arterial infusion of papaverine for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke is effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susmitha Yella
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Luft
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Valavanis
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zaidat OO, Yoo AJ, Khatri P, Tomsick TA, von Kummer R, Saver JL, Marks MP, Prabhakaran S, Kallmes DF, Fitzsimmons BFM, Mocco J, Wardlaw JM, Barnwell SL, Jovin TG, Linfante I, Siddiqui AH, Alexander MJ, Hirsch JA, Wintermark M, Albers G, Woo HH, Heck DV, Lev M, Aviv R, Hacke W, Warach S, Broderick J, Derdeyn CP, Furlan A, Nogueira RG, Yavagal DR, Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Bendszus M, Liebeskind DS. Recommendations on angiographic revascularization grading standards for acute ischemic stroke: a consensus statement. Stroke 2013; 44:2650-63. [PMID: 23920012 PMCID: PMC4160883 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.001972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1162] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Osama O Zaidat
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Jauch EC, Saver JL, Adams HP, Bruno A, Connors JJB, Demaerschalk BM, Khatri P, McMullan PW, Qureshi AI, Rosenfield K, Scott PA, Summers DR, Wang DZ, Wintermark M, Yonas H. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2013; 44:870-947. [PMID: 23370205 DOI: 10.1161/str.0b013e318284056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3215] [Impact Index Per Article: 292.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The authors present an overview of the current evidence and management recommendations for evaluation and treatment of adults with acute ischemic stroke. The intended audiences are prehospital care providers, physicians, allied health professionals, and hospital administrators responsible for the care of acute ischemic stroke patients within the first 48 hours from stroke onset. These guidelines supersede the prior 2007 guidelines and 2009 updates. METHODS Members of the writing committee were appointed by the American Stroke Association Stroke Council's Scientific Statement Oversight Committee, representing various areas of medical expertise. Strict adherence to the American Heart Association conflict of interest policy was maintained throughout the consensus process. Panel members were assigned topics relevant to their areas of expertise, reviewed the stroke literature with emphasis on publications since the prior guidelines, and drafted recommendations in accordance with the American Heart Association Stroke Council's Level of Evidence grading algorithm. RESULTS The goal of these guidelines is to limit the morbidity and mortality associated with stroke. The guidelines support the overarching concept of stroke systems of care and detail aspects of stroke care from patient recognition; emergency medical services activation, transport, and triage; through the initial hours in the emergency department and stroke unit. The guideline discusses early stroke evaluation and general medical care, as well as ischemic stroke, specific interventions such as reperfusion strategies, and general physiological optimization for cerebral resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS Because many of the recommendations are based on limited data, additional research on treatment of acute ischemic stroke remains urgently needed.
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Development of endovascular vibrating polymer actuator probe for mechanical thrombolysis: in vivo study. ASAIO J 2013; 58:503-8. [PMID: 22820916 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0b013e31825f341c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we propose a new method for the enhancement of intraarterial thrombolysis by use of an endovascular vibrating polymer actuator probe (VPAP), which is fabricated from an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator. The endovascular VPAP was fabricated by combining 0.8 × 0.8 × 10 mm3 IPMC samples, 0.22 mm × 50 cm copper wires, and 40 cm of Teflon tube. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the thrombolysis efficiency of an endovascular VPAP in a dog model. Both renal arteries of the enrolled dogs (n = 5) were used in the current study. A distal portion of the renal artery in a mongrel dog was occluded by a blood clot from autologous venous whole blood. Intraarterial thrombolysis was performed by use of a VPAP without the actuation force (control group), by a VPAP-only (VPAP-only group), or with a combination of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and a VPAP (VPAP + rtPA group). The thrombolysis efficiency was evaluated by the modified Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grading system based on the consensus between two radiologists. The grading scales were compared according to each intraarterial thrombolysis method. The VPAP + rtPA and VPAP-only groups showed a significantly higher thrombolysis efficiency than did the control group (p < 0.05). The VPAP-only group also showed a significantly higher thrombolysis efficiency than did the control group (p < 0.05). The VPAP+ rtPA group showed a significantly higher thrombolysis efficiency than did the VPAP-only group (p < 0.05). The use of an endovascular VPAP was a feasible and useful method for intraarterial thrombolysis, and it enhanced the thrombolysis efficiency when combined with the thrombolytic agent rtPA.
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El-Zammar ZMK, Latorre JGS, Wang D, Satyan S, Elnour E, Kamel A, Devasenapathy A, Lodi YM. Intra-arterial vasodilator use during endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke might improve reperfusion rate. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1268:134-40. [PMID: 22994232 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is an evolving field. New treatment options are still needed in order to achieve greater success rates for arterial recanalization. Intra-arterial therapy (lAT) is an option for AIS patients who are not good candidates for intravenous (i.v.) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) or where it has failed. While good data establishing the role of IAT in AIS management are lacking, the potential clinical efficacy of IAT is based on the premise that recanalization and reperfusion may result in better clinical outcome. Although lAT recanalization and reperfusion rates of large vessel occlusion are much higher than they are for i.v. rt-PA, IAT's radiological efficacy is still far from perfect. Vasodilator use during IAT for AIS may increase the recanalization and reperfusion rates of such therapy. In this report, we describe the radiographic and clinical outcomes in a cohort of AIS patients who received intra-arterial (i.a.) vasodilators during IAT and summarize the role of i.a. vasodilators in the process of recanalization and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad M K El-Zammar
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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Varelas PN, Abdelhak T, Wellwood J, Shah I, Hacein-Bey L, Schultz L, Mitsias P. Nicardipine Infusion for Blood Pressure Control in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2010; 13:190-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12028-010-9393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Amenta F, Lanari A, Mignini F, Silvestrelli G, Traini E, Tomassoni D. Nicardipine use in cerebrovascular disease: A review of controlled clinical studies. J Neurol Sci 2009; 283:219-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.02.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shah QA, Memon MZ, Suri MFK, Rodriguez GJ, Kozak OS, Taylor RA, Tummala RP, Vazquez G, Georgiadis AL, Qureshi AI. Super-Selective Intra-arterial Magnesium Sulfate in Combination With Nicardipine for the Treatment of Cerebral Vasospasm in Patients With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2009; 11:190-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12028-009-9209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Burns TC, Rodriguez GJ, Patel S, Hussein HM, Georgiadis AL, Lakshminarayan K, Qureshi AI. Endovascular interventions following intravenous thrombolysis may improve survival and recovery in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a case-control study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:1918-24. [PMID: 18784214 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Since the introduction of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) into clinical practice in the mid 1990s, no adjunctive treatment has further improved clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke. The safety, feasibility, and efficacy of combining intravenous (IV) rtPA with endovascular interventions has been described; however, no direct comparative study has yet established whether endovascular interventions after IV rtPA are superior to IV rtPA alone. A retrospective case-control study was designed to address this issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 2003 and 2006, 33 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores >/=10 were treated with IV rtPA in combination with endovascular interventions (IV plus intervention) at a tertiary care facility. Outcomes were compared with a control cohort of 30 consecutive patients treated with IV rtPA (IV only) at a comparable facility where endovascular interventions were not available. RESULTS Baseline parameters were similar between the 2 groups. We found that the IV-plus-intervention group experienced significantly lower mortality at 90 days (12.1% versus 40.0%, P = .019) with a significantly greater improvement in NIHSS scores by the time of discharge or follow-up (P = .025). In the IV-plus-intervention group, patients with admission NIHSS scores between 10 and 15 and patients </=80 years of age showed the greatest improvement, with a significant change of the NIHSS scores from admission (P = .00015 and P = .013, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this small case-control study of patients with acute ischemic stroke and admission NIHSS scores >/=10, there was a suggestion of incremental clinical benefit among patients receiving endovascular interventions following standard administration of IV rtPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Burns
- Zeenat Quereshi Stroke Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn, USA
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Qureshi AI, Alkawi A, Hussein HM, Divani AA. Angiographic Analysis of Intravascular Thrombus Volume in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Endovasc Ther 2007. [DOI: 10.1583/1545-1550(2007)14[475:aaoitv]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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