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Current Perspectives Regarding Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Liver Cirrhosis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:4197857. [PMID: 29670867 PMCID: PMC5833156 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4197857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of mortality and a common end of various progressive liver diseases. Since the effective treatment is currently limited to liver transplantation, stem cell-based therapy as an alternative has attracted interest due to promising results from preclinical and clinical studies. However, there is still much to be understood regarding the precise mechanisms of action. A number of stem cells from different origins have been employed for hepatic regeneration with different degrees of success. The present review presents a synopsis of stem cell research for the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis according to the stem cell type. Clinical trials to date are summarized briefly. Finally, issues to be resolved and future perspectives are discussed with regard to clinical applications.
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Liang H, Yan X, Pan Y, Wang Y, Wang N, Li L, Liu Y, Chen X, Zhang CY, Gu H, Zen K. MicroRNA-223 delivered by platelet-derived microvesicles promotes lung cancer cell invasion via targeting tumor suppressor EPB41L3. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:58. [PMID: 25881295 PMCID: PMC4360939 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with hematogenous metastatic lung cancer displayed significantly increased platelet count and aggregation compared to lung cancer patients without hematogenous metastasis. The mechanism underlying the correlation between the lung cancer hematogenous metastasis and platelet activation remains unknown. Results In the present study, we explored the role of microRNA-223 (miR-223) derived from platelets in modulating lung cancer cell invasion. Our results demonstrated that platelets from NSCLC patients contain higher level of miR-223 than that from healthy subjects. The concentration of miR-223 in the platelet-secreted microvesicles (P-MVs) from NSCLC patients was also increased compared to that from healthy subjects. Incubation of human lung cancer A549 cells with P-MVs resulted in rapid delivery of miR-223 into A549 cells, in which platelet miR-223 targeted EPB41L3 and thus promoted A549 cell invasion. The effect of P-MVs on reducing EPB41L3 in A549 cells but promoting tumor cell invasion could be largely abolished by depletion of miR-223 via transfection with miR-223 antagomir. The role of EPB41L3 in inhibiting A549 cell invasion was further validated by directly downregulating EPB41L3 via transfecting cells with EPB41L3 siRNA or miR-223 mimic. Conclusions Our study demonstrates for the first time that platelet-secreted miR-223 via P-MVs can promote lung cancer cell invasion via targeting tumor suppressor EPB41L3. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0327-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liang
- From State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
| | - Xin Yan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Yi Pan
- From State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- From State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
| | - Limin Li
- From State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Xi Chen
- From State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- From State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
| | - Hongwei Gu
- From State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
| | - Ke Zen
- From State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China. .,Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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Vainshtein JM, Kabarriti R, Mehta KJ, Roy-Chowdhury J, Guha C. Bone marrow-derived stromal cell therapy in cirrhosis: clinical evidence, cellular mechanisms, and implications for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 89:786-803. [PMID: 24969793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are often limited by the presence of underlying liver disease. In patients with liver cirrhosis, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy all carry a high risk of hepatic complications, ranging from ascites to fulminant liver failure. For patients receiving radiation therapy, cirrhosis dramatically reduces the already limited radiation tolerance of the liver and represents the most important clinical risk factor for the development of radiation-induced liver disease. Although improvements in conformal radiation delivery techniques have improved our ability to safely irradiate confined areas of the liver to increasingly higher doses with excellent local disease control, patients with moderate-to-severe liver cirrhosis continue to face a shortage of treatment options for HCC. In recent years, evidence has emerged supporting the use of bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) as a promising treatment for liver cirrhosis, with several clinical studies demonstrating sustained improvement in clinical parameters of liver function after autologous BMSC infusion. Three predominant populations of BMSCs, namely hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and endothelial progenitor cells, seem to have therapeutic potential in liver injury and cirrhosis. Preclinical studies of BMSC transplantation have identified a range of mechanisms through which these cells mediate their therapeutic effects, including hepatocyte transdifferentiation and fusion, paracrine stimulation of hepatocyte proliferation, inhibition of activated hepatic stellate cells, enhancement of fibrolytic matrix metalloproteinase activity, and neovascularization of regenerating liver. By bolstering liver function in patients with underlying Child's B or C cirrhosis, autologous BMSC infusion holds great promise as a therapy to improve the safety, efficacy, and utility of surgery, chemotherapy, and hepatic radiation therapy in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafi Kabarriti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Keyur J Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jayanta Roy-Chowdhury
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Genetics, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
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Rammohan A, Sathyanesan J, Ramaswami S, Lakshmanan A, Senthil-Kumar P, Srinivasan UP, Ramasamy R, Ravichandran P. Embolization of liver tumors: Past, present and future. World J Radiol 2012; 4:405-12. [PMID: 23024842 PMCID: PMC3460228 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v4.i9.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), such as resection and liver transplantation, can only be applied in selected patients with early tumors. More advanced stages require local or systemic therapies. Resection of HCC offers the only hope for cure. Even in patients undergoing resection, recurrences are common. Chemoembolization, a technique combining intra-arterial chemotherapy with selective tumor ischemia, has been shown by randomized controlled trials to be efficacious in the palliative setting. There is now renewed interest in transarterial embolization/transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with regards to its use as a palliative tool in a combined modality approach, as a neoadjuvant therapy, in bridging therapy before transplantation, for symptomatic indications, and even as an alternative to resection. There have also been rapid advances in the agents being embolized trans-arterially (genes, biological response modifiers, etc.). The current review provides an evidence-based overview of the past, present and future trends of TACE in patients with HCC.
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Are autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation and transcatheter arterial embolization the best choices for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic dysfunction? Report of a case. Surg Today 2011; 42:1225-8. [PMID: 22179797 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-011-0107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation (AMSCT) and transarterial embolization (TAE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic dysfunction. A 58-year-old male with HCC and hepatic function of Child's class C was treated with 8 ml of a lipiodol emulsion by injection into the artery feeding of his tumor, and >10(8) bone marrow stem cells were isolated from 400 ml bone marrow and then injected into the right hepatic artery. The patient's laboratory examinations revealed a progressive decrease in total bilirubin (from 264.8 to 77.9 μmol/L) and direct bilirubin (from 222.0 to 59.7 μmol/L) after 1 month, and a repeat CT showed that most of the tumor was filled with lipiodol. The combined treatment using AMSCT and TAE is a good choice of treatment for HCC patients who are unable to tolerate TACE due to hepatic dysfunction.
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