1
|
Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Balaban DV, Marin FS, Manucu G, Zoican A, Ciochina M, Mina V, Patoni C, Vladut C, Bucurica S, Costache RS, Ionita-Radu F, Jinga M. Clinical characteristics and outcomes in carbohydrate antigen 19-9 negative pancreatic cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:630-640. [PMID: 36157158 PMCID: PMC9346420 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i7.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Tumor markers like carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) have been proven valuable as a diagnostic tool and a predictor for tumor staging and response to therapy.
AIM To delineate the phenotype of normal CA 19-9 PDAC according to clinical features, disease staging and prognosis as compared with high CA 19-9 PDAC cases.
METHODS We performed a retrospective single-center analysis of all PDAC cases admitted in our Gastroenterology department over a period of 30 mo that were diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition. Patients were divided into two groups according to CA 19-9 levels over a threshold of 37 U/mL. We performed a comparison between the two groups with regard to demographic and clinical data, biomarkers, tumor staging and 6-mo survival.
RESULTS Altogether 111 patients were recruited with 29 having documented normal CA 19-9 (< 37 U/mL). In the CA 19-9 negative group of patients, 20.68% had elevated levels of both CEA and CA 125, 13.79% for CA 125 only whilst 17.24% for CEA only. The two groups had similar demographic characteristics. Abdominal pain was more frequently reported in positive vs negative CA 19-9 PDAC cases (76.83% vs 55.17%), while smoking was slightly more prevalent in the latter group (28.04% vs 31.03%). Tumors over 2 cm were more frequently seen in the positive CA 19-9 group, reflecting a higher proportion of locally advanced and metastatic neoplasia (87.7% vs 79.3%). Six-month survival was higher for the negative CA 19-9 group (58.62% vs 47.56%).
CONCLUSION Elevated CA 19-9 at diagnosis seems to be associated with a more pronounced symptomatology, high tumor burden and poor prognosis compared to negative CA 19-9 PDAC cases. CEA and CA 125 can be adjunctive useful markers for PDAC, especially in CA 19-9 negative cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vasile Balaban
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| | - Flavius Stefan Marin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - George Manucu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| | - Andreea Zoican
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| | - Marina Ciochina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| | - Victor Mina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| | - Cristina Patoni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| | - Catalina Vladut
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Prof Dr. Agrippa Ionescu Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| | - Sandica Bucurica
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| | - Raluca Simona Costache
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| | - Florentina Ionita-Radu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| | - Mariana Jinga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang CY, Lin RT, Chen CY, Yeh CC, Tseng CM, Huang WH, Lee TY, Chu CS, Lin JT. Accuracy of simultaneous measurement of serum biomarkers: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9, pancreatic elastase-1, amylase, and lipase for diagnosing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:2601-2607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
4
|
Luo G, Jin K, Deng S, Cheng H, Fan Z, Gong Y, Qian Y, Huang Q, Ni Q, Liu C, Yu X. Roles of CA19-9 in pancreatic cancer: Biomarker, predictor and promoter. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188409. [PMID: 32827580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is the best validated biomarker and an indicator of aberrant glycosylation in pancreatic cancer. CA19-9 functions as a biomarker, predictor, and promoter in pancreatic cancer. As a biomarker, the sensitivity is approximately 80%, and the major challenges involve false positives in conditions of inflammation and nonpancreatic cancers and false negatives in Lewis-negative Individuals. Lewis antigen status should be determined when using CA19-9 as a biomarker. CA19-9 has screening potential when combined with symptoms and/or risk factors. As a predictor, CA19-9 could be used to assess stage, prognosis, resectability, recurrence, and therapeutic efficacy. Normal baseline levels of CA19-9 are associated with long-term survival. As a promoter, CA19-9 could be used to evaluate the biology of pancreatic cancer. CA19-9 can accelerate pancreatic cancer progression by glycosylating proteins, binding to E-selectin, strengthening angiogenesis, and mediating the immunological response. CA19-9 is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer, and strategies include therapeutic antibodies and vaccines, CA19-9-guided nanoparticles, and inhibition of CA19-9 biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, China
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, China
| | - Shengming Deng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, China
| | - He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, China
| | - Zhiyao Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, China
| | - Yitao Gong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, China
| | - Yunzhen Qian
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pils S, Paternostro C, Mayerhoefer ME, Reinthaller A, Feichtinger M. Heavy black tea consumption and elevated CA 19-9 and CA 125 levels. A case report on a patient with ovarian endometriotic cysts. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:478-480. [PMID: 30727790 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1564743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this case report, we present a case of false positive CA 19-9 and CA 125 levels in a patient with suspected endometriotic cysts. The patient is a 34-year-old nulliparous woman with heavy black tea consumption and elevated CA 19-9 and CA 125 levels. After discontinuation of black tea intake and careful exploration of other possible factors, CA 19-9 and CA 125 levels dropped markedly. As a conclusion, heavy black tea consumption can lead to false positive results of elevated CA 19-9 and CA 125 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Pils
- a Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology , Gynecologic Cancer Unit Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Chiara Paternostro
- a Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology , Gynecologic Cancer Unit Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Marius E Mayerhoefer
- b Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Alexander Reinthaller
- a Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology , Gynecologic Cancer Unit Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Michael Feichtinger
- a Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology , Gynecologic Cancer Unit Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
- c Wunschbaby Institut Feichtinger , Vienna , Austria
- d Department of Oncology-Pathology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|