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Sun H, Zhao P, Liu W, Li L, Ai H, Ma X. Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus in regulation of stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10170. [PMID: 29977067 PMCID: PMC6033936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS) increases the expression of Fos protein in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), indicating the VMH involving in the stress-induced gastric mucosal injury (SGMI). The present study was designed to investigate its possible neuro-regulatory mechanisms in rats receiving either VMH lesions or sham surgery. The model for SGMI was developed by restraint and water (21 ± 1 °C) immersion for 2 h. Gastric mucosal injury index, gastric motility, gastric acid secretion and Fos expression in the hypothalamus and brainstem were examined on the 15th postoperative day in RWIS rats. Gastric mucosal injury in VMH-lesioned rats was obviously aggravated compared to the control. Gastric acidity under RWIS was obviously higher in VMH-lesioned rats than that in sham rats. Meantime, the VMH-lesioned rats exhibited marked increases in the amplitude of gastric motility in the VMH lesions group after RWIS. In VMH-lesioned rats, Fos expression significantly increased in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the area postrema (AP), the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) in response to RWIS. These results indicate that VMH lesions can aggravate the stress-induced gastric mucosal injury through the VMH-dorsal vagal complex (DVC)-vagal nerve pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiji Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Pan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wenkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hongbin Ai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China.
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Dezfuli G, Gillis RA, Tatge JE, Duncan KR, Dretchen KL, Jackson PG, Verbalis JG, Sahibzada N. Subdiaphragmatic Vagotomy With Pyloroplasty Ameliorates the Obesity Caused by Genetic Deletion of the Melanocortin 4 Receptor in the Mouse. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:104. [PMID: 29545738 PMCID: PMC5838008 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that abolishing vagal nerve activity will reverse the obesity phenotype of melanocortin 4 receptor knockout mice (Mc4r−/−). Subjects/Methods: In two separate studies, we examined the efficacy of bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SDV) with pyloroplasty in the prevention and treatment of obesity in Mc4r−/− mice. Results: In the first study, SDV prevented >20% increase in body weight (BW) associated with this genotype. This was correlated with a transient reduction in overall food intake (FI) in the preventative arm of the study. Initially, SDV mice had reduced weekly FI; however, FI normalized to that of controls and baseline FI within the 8-week study period. In the second study, the severe obesity that is characteristic of the adult Mc4r−/− genotype was significantly improved by SDV with a magnitude of 30% loss in excess BW over a 4-week period. Consistent with the first preventative study, within the treatment arm, SDV mice also demonstrated a transient reduction in FI relative to control and baseline levels that normalized over subsequent weeks. In addition to the accompanying loss in weight, mice subjected to SDV showed a decrease in respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and an increase in locomotor activity (LA). Analysis of the white fat-pad deposits of these mice showed that they were significantly less than the control groups. Conclusions: Altogether, our data demonstrates that SDV both prevents gain in BW and causes weight loss in severely obese Mc4r−/− mice. Moreover, it suggests that an important aspect of weight reduction for this type of monogenic obesity involves loss of signaling in vagal motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaul Dezfuli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Richard A Gillis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jaclyn E Tatge
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kimbell R Duncan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kenneth L Dretchen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Patrick G Jackson
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Joseph G Verbalis
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Niaz Sahibzada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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3
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Ha XQ. Cytokine gene therapy for treatment of ischemia and hypoxia stress induced gastrointestinal injury. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:479-483. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i6.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress induced gastrointestinal ischemia and hypoxia injury is a common digestive system condition caused via complicated mechanisms. Although clinical treatments are diverse, their efficacy is still not satisfactory. Recently, many cytokines have been shown to be related to gastrointestinal ischemia and anoxia, such as hepatocyte growth factor, hypoxia inducible factor, and keratinocyte growth factor. The number of studies on cytokines for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases is increasing. We have constructed a eukaryotic expression vector carrying cytokine genes to transfer cytokine genes to the local damage tissue to achieve the therapeutic purpose. Cytokine gene therapy may be a safe and effective new strategy for repairing gastrointestinal ischemia and hypoxia stress injury, which will offer a new tool for the mechanism research and treatment of hypoxic ischemic disease.
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Lubaczeuski C, Balbo SL, Ribeiro RA, Vettorazzi JF, Santos-Silva JC, Carneiro EM, Bonfleur ML. Vagotomy ameliorates islet morphofunction and body metabolic homeostasis in MSG-obese rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:447-57. [PMID: 25714886 PMCID: PMC4445669 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The parasympathetic nervous system is important for β-cell secretion and mass
regulation. Here, we characterized involvement of the vagus nerve in pancreatic
β-cell morphofunctional regulation and body nutrient homeostasis in 90-day-old
monosodium glutamate (MSG)-obese rats. Male newborn Wistar rats received MSG (4 g/kg
body weight) or saline [control (CTL) group] during the first 5 days of life. At 30
days of age, both groups of rats were submitted to sham-surgery (CTL and MSG groups)
or subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (Cvag and Mvag groups). The 90-day-old MSG rats
presented obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia.
Their pancreatic islets hypersecreted insulin in response to glucose but did not
increase insulin release upon carbachol (Cch) stimulus, despite a higher
intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Furthermore, while the pancreas weight
was 34% lower in MSG rats, no alteration in islet and β-cell mass was observed.
However, in the MSG pancreas, increases of 51% and 55% were observed in the total
islet and β-cell area/pancreas section, respectively. Also, the β-cell number per
β-cell area was 19% higher in MSG rat pancreas than in CTL pancreas. Vagotomy
prevented obesity, reducing 25% of body fat stores and ameliorated glucose
homeostasis in Mvag rats. Mvag islets demonstrated partially reduced insulin
secretion in response to 11.1 mM glucose and presented normalization of Cch-induced
Ca2+ mobilization and insulin release. All morphometric parameters were
similar among Mvag and CTL rat pancreases. Therefore, the higher insulin release in
MSG rats was associated with greater β-cell/islet numbers and not due to hypertrophy.
Vagotomy improved whole body nutrient homeostasis and endocrine pancreatic
morphofunction in Mvag rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lubaczeuski
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - S L Balbo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - R A Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brasil
| | - J F Vettorazzi
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - J C Santos-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - E M Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - M L Bonfleur
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
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Ishizuka N, Senoo A, Hayashi K, Sasaki K, Kako M, Suzuki Y, Imazeki N, Shimizu H, Kobayashi Y, Haba R, Takahashi T, Arai K, Osaka T, Kintaka Y, Suzuki Y, Inoue S. Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions enhance small intestinal cell proliferation in mice. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 6:e175-262. [PMID: 24331527 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY BACKGROUND We have found previously that ventromedial hypothalamic lesions (VMH) enhance cell proliferation in the visceral organs through vagal hyperactivity in rats. The goal of the current study was to determine the characteristics and nature of cell proliferation in the small intestine in VMH-lesioned mice. METHODS The weight and length of the small intestine, thickness of the mucosal and muscle layers, number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells, and mitotic cell count in the mucosal layer in VMH-lesioned and Sham VMH-lesioned mice were determined at 7 days after the operation. RESULTS The weight and length of the small intestine in VMH-lesioned mice were significantly greater than those in Sham VMH-lesioned mice, by 11.6% and 15.0%, respectively. The thicknesses of the mucosal and muscle layers of the small intestine in VMH-lesioned mice were also significantly greater than those in Sham VMH-lesioned mice, by 12.7% and 12.5%, respectively. PCNA-positive cells and mitotic cells in the mucosal layer were densely present in crypts in VMH-lesioned mice, and were significantly increased by 31.9% and 71.7%, respectively, compared to Sham VMH-lesioned mice. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that VMH lesions in mice enhance cell proliferation in the mucosal layers and cause cell hypertrophy or cell proliferation in the muscle layers of the small intestine, which increases the weight and length of the small intestine. VMH lesions in mice may be a new tool for identifying growth factors and related genes involved in enlarging the small intestine mainly through cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Ishizuka
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Akira Senoo
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gunma 379-2392, Japan.
| | - Kaori Hayashi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Kahoru Sasaki
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Masako Kako
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Nobuo Imazeki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Yoko Kobayashi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Ryota Haba
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Tosei Takahashi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Katsumi Arai
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Osaka
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Yuri Kintaka
- Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu-shi, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yuichi Suzuki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shuji Inoue
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
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Ishizuka N, Imazeki N, Senoo A, Sakurai J, Sonoda M, Kanazawa M, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi Y, Takahashi T, Haba R, Arai K, Shimizu H, Sasaki K, Kako M, Hayashi K, Suzuki Y, Inoue S. Cell proliferation in ventromedial hypothalamic lesioned rats inhibits acute gastric mucosal lesions. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 6:e175-262. [PMID: 24331526 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The role of mucosal layer thickness on prevention of acute gastric mucosal lesions (AGMLs) was examined in ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH)-lesioned rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The incidence of AGMLs after 48-h fasting and 60% ethanol injection into the stomach after 24-h fasting, aggressive factors (gastric acid and serum gastrin) and defensive factors [hexosamine, gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF), serum thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), and thickness of the gastric mucosal layer] were evaluated in VMH-lesioned rats. The effects of cell proliferation on the gastric mucosal layer of these rats were evaluated by H-E staining and immunostaining with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). RESULTS After 48-h fasting, no AGMLs were observed in VMH-lesioned and sham VMH-lesioned rats (controls). With 60% ethanol administration after 24-h fasting, the numbers of AGMLs were similar in the two groups, but the ulcer index, a marker of ulcer formation, was lower in VMH-lesioned rats compared to that in sham VMH-lesioned rats. VMH-lesioned rats showed increased gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin compared to sham VMH-lesioned rats, indicating an increase in aggressive factors in VMH-lesioned rats. The two groups had similar levels of gastric mucosal hexosamine, GMBF, and gastric mucosal TBARS, but VMH-lesioned rats had an increased thickness of the mucosal cell layer, indicating an increase in defensive factors in these rats. Histologically, VMH-lesioned rats had an increased total mucosal cell layer, especially for the surface epithelial cell layer, and an increased PCNA-labeling index, a marker of cell proliferation, especially in the proliferative zones of gastric mucosa, indicating increased cell proliferation in the proliferative zone of the gastric mucosa. CONCLUSION VMH-lesioned rats are resistant to AGML formation due to increased cell proliferation in gastric mucosa through elevating the levels of defensive factors over those of aggressive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Ishizuka
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Midori City, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Nobuo Imazeki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Midori City, Gunma 379-2392, Japan.
| | - Akira Senoo
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Midori City, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Junko Sakurai
- FANCL Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0023, Japan
| | - Masaru Sonoda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8437, Japan
| | - Masao Kanazawa
- Division of Diabetology, Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Midori City, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Yoko Kobayashi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Midori City, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Tosei Takahashi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Midori City, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Ryota Haba
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Midori City, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Katsumi Arai
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Midori City, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Midori City, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Kahoru Sasaki
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Midori City, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Masako Kako
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Midori City, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Kaori Hayashi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Midori City, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Yuichi Suzuki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shuji Inoue
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Midori City, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
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Amarasiri DL, Pathmeswaran A, Dassanayake AS, de Silva AP, Ranasinha CD, de Silva HJ. Esophageal motility, vagal function and gastroesophageal reflux in a cohort of adult asthmatics. BMC Gastroenterol 2012; 12:140. [PMID: 23057471 PMCID: PMC3527260 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-12-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthmatics are known to have esophageal hypomotility. Vagal hypofunction and prolonged intra-esophageal acidification cause esophageal hypomotility. The contribution of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and vagal function to esophageal motility in asthmatics is unclear. We studied the relationship between esophageal motility, GER and vagal function in a cohort of adult asthmatics. METHODS Thirty mild, stable asthmatics (ATS criteria) and 30 healthy volunteers underwent 24-hour ambulatory esophageal monitoring, manometry, autonomic function testing and GER symptom assessment. 27 asthmatics underwent gastroscopy. A vagal function score calculated from 3 tests (valsalva maneuver, heart rate response to deep breathing and to standing from supine position) was correlated with esophageal function parameters. RESULTS Asthmatics (mean age 34.8 (SD 8.4), 60% female) had more frequent GERD symptoms than controls (mean age 30.9 (SD 7.7), 50% female). 10/27 asthmatics had esophageal mucosal damage, 22 showed hypervagal response, none had a hyperadrenergic response. 14 asthmatics had ineffective esophageal motility. Higher GERD-score asthmatics had significantly fewer peristaltic and more simultaneous contractions than controls, and higher esophageal acid contact times than those with lower scores. All reflux parameters were significantly higher and acid clearance time prolonged in asthmatics than controls (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). There was no correlation between vagal function score and esophageal function parameters. CONCLUSIONS A cohort of adult asthmatics was found to have peristaltic dysfunction and pathological GER, but otherwise normal esophageal motility. The peristaltic dysfunction seems to be associated with vagal hyperreactivity rather than vagal hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lakmali Amarasiri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
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Beneficial effects of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) lesioning on function and morphology of the liver after hepatectomy in rats. Brain Res 2011; 1421:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Suzuki Y, Inoue S, Shimizu H, Ishizuka N, Kasahara Y, Takahashi T, Arai K, Kobayashi Y, Kishi M, Imazeki N, Senoo A, Osaka T. Cell proliferation in visceral organs induced by ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions: Development of electrical VMH lesions in mice and resulting pathophysiological profiles. Endocr J 2011; 58:247-56. [PMID: 21325743 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k10e-408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have found that ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions produced by electrocoagulation induce cell proliferation in visceral organs through vagal hyperactivity, and also stimulate regeneration of partially resected liver in rats. To facilitate identification of proliferative and/or regenerative factors at the gene level, we developed electrical production of VMH lesions in mice, for which more genetic information is available compared to rats, and examined the pathophysiological profiles in these mice. Using ddy mice, we produced VMH lesions with reference to the previously reported method in rats. We then examined the pathophysiological profiles of the VMH-lesioned mice. Electrical VMH lesions in mice were produced using the following coordinates: 1.6 mm posterior to the bregma, anteriorly; 0.5 mm lateral to the midsagittal line, transversely; and 0.2 mm above the base of the skull, vertically, with 1 mA of current intensity and 10 s duration. The VMH-lesioned mice showed similar metabolic characteristics to those of VMH-lesioned rats, including body weight gain, increased food intake, increased percentage body fat, and elevated serum insulin and leptin. However, there were some differences in short period of hyperphagia, and in normal serum lipids compared to those of VMH-lesioned rats. The mice showed a similar cell proliferation in visceral organs, including stomach, small intestine, liver, and, exocrine and endocrine pancreas. In conclusion, procedures for development of VMH lesions in mice by electrocoagulation were developed and the VMH-lesioned mice showed pathophysiological profiles similar to those of VMH-lesioned rats, particularly in cell proliferation in visceral organs. These findings have not been observed previously in gold thioglucose-induced VMH-lesioned mice. This model may be a new tool for identifying factors involved in cell proliferation or regeneration in visceral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Suzuki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Gunma, Japan
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