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Xu N, Han X, Zhang X, Wang J, Yuan J, Wang M, Wu H, Huang F, Shi H, Yang L, Wu X. Huangqi-Guizhi-Wuwu decoction regulates differentiation of CD4 + T cell and prevents against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis progression in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 125:155239. [PMID: 38308917 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelination disorder caused by an overactive immune response. Its pathological characteristics include CNS inflammation, white matter demyelination, glial cell proliferation, and so on. Huangqi-Guizhi-Wuwu Decoction (HGWD), which is recorded in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, is used clinically for the therapy of MS, but its mechanism is still elusive. PURPOSE This study was aimed to investigate the impact of HGWD on the classical animal model for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and explore the underlying action mechanism. RESULTS HGWD ameliorated the pathogenesis of EAE mice, and improved their neurobehavior and pathological tissue damage. Network pharmacology predictions revealed the action mechanism of HGWD in EAE mice might be related to its effect on the immune system of mice. HGWD effectively suppressed the inflammatory infiltration in CNS, while also preventing the elevation of CD4+T cells of mice with EAE. HGWD could increase the ratio of Treg cells, up-regulate the secretion of IL-10 and Foxp3 mRNA expression, inhibit the ratio of Th1 and Th17 cells, down-regulate the IFN-γ and IL-17 protein expression, as well as the RORγT and T-bet gene expression in EAE mice. In addition, HGWD-containing serum modulated Th1/Th17/Treg cell differentiation in vitro. Moreover, HGWD inhibited the p-JAK1, p-JAK2, p-STAT1, p-STAT3 and p-STAT4 proteins and elevated the p-STAT5 protein in lymphoid tissues of EAE mice. CONCLUSION HGWD improved the progress of EAE by regulating the proportion of CD4+T cell subtype differentiation, which might be exerted through JAK/STAT signaling pathway, providing a pharmacological basis for the clinical treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junhao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Fukasawa M, Nishio K, Oikawa D, Itou T, Iinuma T, Asano M. Allograft inflammatory factor-1 released from the cerebral microglia affect several organs in the body. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:147-156. [PMID: 36877416 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is expressed in microglia. Unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO) was conducted to elucidate mechanisms that regulate AIF-1 expression in C57BL/6 male mice. Immunohistochemical reactivity of microglia against anti-AIF-1 antibody was increased significantly in the brain of this model. The increased AIF-1 production was further confirmed by ELISA using brain homogenate. Real-time PCR demonstrated that the increased AIF-1 production was regulated at the transcriptional level. Serum AIF-1 levels were further examined by ELISA and marked increase was observed on Day 1 of UCCAO. To examine the influence of AIF-1, immunohistochemical staining was performed and revealed that the immunoreactivity against anti-Iba-1 antibody was significantly increased in various organs. Among them, the accumulation of Iba-1+ cells were observed prominently in the spleen. Intraperitoneal injection of minocycline, a potent microglia inhibitor, reduced the number of Iba-1+ cells suggesting microglia activation-dependent accumulation. Based on these results, AIF-1 expression was further examined in the murine microglia cell line MG6. AIF-1 mRNA expression and secretion were up-regulated when the cells were cultured under hypoxic condition. Importantly, stimulation of the cells with recombinant AIF-1 induced the expression of AIF-1 mRNA. These results may suggest that increased AIF-1 production by microglia in cerebral ischemia regulate the AIF-1 mRNA expression at least in part by an autocrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Fukasawa
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nishio
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Oikawa
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoka Itou
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Iinuma
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatake Asano
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ma LT, Bai Y, Cao P, Ren KX, Chen J, Zhang T, Fan BY, Qiao Y, Yan HY, Wang JJ, Li YQ, Zheng J. The analgesic effects of β-elemene in rats with neuropathic pain by inhibition of spinal astrocytic ERK activation. Mol Pain 2022; 18:17448069221121562. [PMID: 35976914 PMCID: PMC9393702 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221121562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain takes a heavy toll on individual well-being, while current therapy is far from desirable. Herein, we assessed the analgesic effect of β-elemene, a chief component in the traditional Chinese medicine Curcuma wenyujin, and explored the underlying mechanisms at the level of spinal dorsal horn (SDH) under neuropathic pain. A spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain model was established in rats. Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of β-elemene was administered for 21 consecutive days. Mechanical allodynia was explored by von Frey filaments. The activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family (including ERK, p38, and JNK) in spinal neurons, astrocytes, and microglia was evaluated using immunostaining 29 days after SNI surgery. The expression of GFAP, Iba-1, p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-p38 within the SDH was measured using immunoblotting. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were measured with ELISA. The levels of oxidative stress indicators (including MDA, SOD, and GSH-PX) were detected using biochemical tests. Consecutive i.p. administration of β-elemene relieved SNI-induced mechanical allodynia (with an EC50 of 16.40 mg/kg). SNI significantly increased the expression of p-ERK in spinal astrocytes but not microglia on day 29. β-elemene reversed spinal astrocytic ERK activation and subsequent upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in SNI rats, with no effect on the expression of p38 and JNK in spinal glia. β-elemene also exerted antioxidative effects by increasing the levels of SOD and GSH-PX and decreasing the level of MDA. Our results suggest that SNI induces robust astrocytic ERK activation within the SDH in the late phase of neuropathic pain. β-elemene exerts remarkable analgesic effects on neuropathic pain, possibly by inhibiting spinal astrocytic ERK activation and subsequent neuroinflammatory processes. Our findings suggest that β-elemene might be a promising analgesic for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tian Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai-Xi Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Preclinical School of Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Preclinical School of Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo-Yuan Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Laser Medical Center, Hainan Hospital, PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Hong-Yu Yan
- 36674The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing-Jie Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Preclinical School of Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Chen KH, Yang YS, Chen R, Ning Z, Zhang CY, Yu HY, Ou XM. Effects of intracavitary administration of elemene combined with nedaplatin on malignant pleural effusion. Bull Cancer 2021; 109:642-647. [PMID: 34657726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the therapeutic effect of Elemene combined with Nedaplatin (ECN) on malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and its adverse reactions. METHOD A retrospective study was conducted, three hundred and fifty-two patients with MPE were divided into two groups according to different treatment methods. One hundred and eighty-nine patients were given intrathoracic injection of ECN and classified in ECN group; one hundred and sixty-three cases in the Nedaplatin group were given intrathoracic injection of nedaplatin. Routine treatments were used to prevent adverse reactions. RESULT The effective rate of the ECN group was 57.05%, and that of the Nedaplatin group was 23.08%. The comparison results of adverse reactions between the two groups showed that there was no significant difference in leukopenia, thrombopenia, anemia, vomitting and diarrhea, fever, hepatic damage and renal damage. The level of thoracalgia in the ECN group was higher than that in the Nedaplatin group. There was no significant change in the number of CD8+ T cells between the two groups after treatment. The number of CD4+T cells in the ECN group increased after treatment was higher than the Nedaplatin group after treatment. CONCLUSION ECN treatment can improve clinical control of MPE with no serious adverse reaction, can effectively reduce the immunosuppressive effect of nedaplatin and enhance the immune function of MPE patients which is worthy of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hong Chen
- Chongqing Red Cross Hospital, People's Hospital of Jiangbei District, Department of Tumor and Hematology, 400020 Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Sheng Yang
- Chongqing Red Cross Hospital, People's Hospital of Jiangbei District, Department of Tumor and Hematology, 400020 Chongqing, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Chongqing Red Cross Hospital, People's Hospital of Jiangbei District, Department of Tumor and Hematology, 400020 Chongqing, China
| | - Ze Ning
- Fusheng Community Health Service Center, 401133 Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Yu Zhang
- Chongqing Red Cross Hospital, People's Hospital of Jiangbei District, Department of Tumor and Hematology, 400020 Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Yan Yu
- Chongqing Red Cross Hospital, People's Hospital of Jiangbei District, Department of Tumor and Hematology, 400020 Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Mei Ou
- Chongqing Red Cross Hospital, People's Hospital of Jiangbei District, Department of Tumor and Hematology, 400020 Chongqing, China
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Li J, Zeng H, You Y, Wang R, Tan T, Wang W, Yin L, Zeng Z, Zeng Y, Xie T. Active targeting of orthotopic glioma using biomimetic liposomes co-loaded elemene and cabazitaxel modified by transferritin. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:289. [PMID: 34565383 PMCID: PMC8474941 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective treatment of glioma requires a nanocarrier that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to target the tumor lesion. In the current study, elemene (ELE) and cabazitaxel (CTX) liposomes were prepared by conjugating liposomes with transferrin (Tf) and embedding the cell membrane proteins of RG2 glioma cells into liposomes (active-targeting biomimetic liposomes, Tf-ELE/CTX@BLIP), which exhibited effective BBB infiltration to target glioma. RESULTS The findings showed that Tf-ELE/CTX@BLIP was highly stable. The liposomes exhibited highly significant homologous targeting and immune evasion in vitro and a 5.83-fold intake rate compared with classical liposome (ELE/CTX@LIP). Bioluminescence imaging showed increased drug accumulation in the brain and increased tumor penetration of Tf-ELE/CTX@BLIP in orthotopic glioma model nude mice. Findings from in vivo studies indicated that the antitumor effect of the Tf-ELE/CTX@BLIP led to increased survival time and decreased tumor volume in mice. The average tumor fluorescence intensity after intravenous administration of Tf-ELE/CTX@BLIP was 65.2, 12.5, 22.1, 6.6, 2.6, 1.5 times less compared with that of the control, CTX solution, ELE solution, ELE/CTX@LIP, ELE/CTX@BLIP, Tf-ELE/CTX@LIP groups, respectively. Histopathological analysis showed that Tf-ELE/CTX@BLIP were less toxic compared with administration of the CTX solution. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the active-targeting biomimetic liposome, Tf-ELE/CTX@BLIP, is a promising nanoplatform for delivery of drugs to gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huamin Zeng
- Chengdu Ping An Healthcare Medical Examination Laboratory, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu You
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Yin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowu Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiying Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang Y, Boorboori MR, Xu Y, Lin W. The appearance of volatile aromas in Tieguanyin tea with different elevations. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4405-4416. [PMID: 34494657 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chinese people have consistentlypreferred high mountain tea because specific flavors are memorable for them, and also, people have traditionally considered this type of tea to be good for health. Tieguanyin is one of the famous traditional Chinese tea that has ever-changing aromas. To illustrate the various characteristics in volatile fragment compounds from Tieguanyin tea, fresh tea leaves collected from different elevations (450, 650, and 900 m) were detected using GC-MS by solid-liquid extraction. The results showed that volatile aromatic compounds, such as benzyl alcohol, phenyl ethanol, and acetophenone, were the most abundant in tea leaves located with high elevation. Meanwhile, 1-hexanol, 1-nananol, and nanoic acid, as a type of aliphatic aroma, were more prevalent in low-elevation tea orchards. Catechols and alkaloids are largely cumulated in low- and high-elevation tea leaves, respectively. Our findings also showed that elemene was widely consisted of high-elevation tea metabolites. It provided practicality for the preparation of tea manufacturing in major Tieguanyin tea-producing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Jiang
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Genetics/Breeding and Integrative Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Agroecological Process and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mohammad Reza Boorboori
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Genetics/Breeding and Integrative Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Agroecological Process and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yina Xu
- Anxi College of Tea Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,Jinshan College, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Genetics/Breeding and Integrative Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Agroecological Process and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
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7
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Bioactive natural products against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: A pharmacokinetics review. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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β-Elemene Suppresses Obesity-Induced Imbalance in the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070704. [PMID: 34206511 PMCID: PMC8301405 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a kind of metabolically triggered inflammation, obesity influences the interplay between the central nervous system and the enteral environment. The present study showed that β-elemene, which is contained in various plant substances, had effects on recovering the changes in metabolites occurring in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 male mice brains, especially in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). β-elemene also partially reversed HFD-induced changes in the composition and contents of mouse gut bacteria. Furthermore, we evaluated the interaction between cerebral metabolites and intestinal microbiota via Pearson correlations. The prediction results suggested that Firmicutes were possibly controlled by neuron integrity, cerebral inflammation, and neurotransmitters, and Bacteroidetes in mouse intestines might be related to cerebral aerobic respiration and the glucose cycle. Such results also implied that Actinobacteria probably affected cerebral energy metabolism. These findings suggested that β-elemene has regulatory effects on the imbalanced microbiota-gut-brain axis caused by obesity and, therefore, would contribute to the future study in on the interplay between cerebral metabolites from different brain regions and the intestinal microbiota of mice.
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Yuan R, Zhang D, Yang J, Wu Z, Luo C, Han L, Yang F, Lin J, Yang M. Review of aromatherapy essential oils and their mechanism of action against migraines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113326. [PMID: 32877718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Migraines have become a major threat to human health, as they significantly affect human health and quality of life due to a high prevalence rate, attack rate and pain intensity. Aromatherapy, with its comfortable and pleasant natural characteristics and rapid and efficient characteristics, is widely favored by patients in the folk. Chinese folk also have the application history and related records of aromatic plants in the treatment of migraine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to review the pathogenesis of migraine, the application of plant essential oils in the treatment of migraine, and further explore the material basis and mechanism of action of plant essential oils against migraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Search the electronic literature of essential oils with anti-migraine effect in Google Scholar, PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and further search the research situation of the monomer components of essential oils in migraine, inflammation, pain and other aspects. RESULTS studies show that there are 10 types of plant essential oils that could relieve migraine symptoms, and that 16 monomers may play a role in migraine treatment by effectively inhibiting neurogenic inflammation, hyperalgesia and balancing vasorelaxation. CONCLUSION Aromatic plant essential oils can relieve migraine effectively, these findings can be used as an important part of the development of anti-migraine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Yuan
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- Sichuan Baicao Jinggong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Fangli Yang
- Sinopharm Sichuan Orthopedic Tehnology & Equipment Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
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Zhou Y, Takano T, Wang Y, Li X, Wang R, Wakatsuki Y, Nakajima-Adachi H, Tanokura M, Miyakawa T, Hachimura S. Intestinal regulatory T cell induction by β-elemene alleviates the formation of fat tissue-related inflammation. iScience 2021; 24:101883. [PMID: 33364577 PMCID: PMC7750371 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the intestinal immune system in the inhibition of fat tissue-related inflammation by dietary material is yet to be elucidated. Oral administration of β-elemene, contained in various foodstuffs, downregulated expressions of inflammatory cytokines and increased Foxp3+CD4+ T cells in adipose tissue of obese mice. However, β-elemene did not affect the inflammatory response of adipose tissue in vitro, suggesting that the inhibition observed in vivo was not due to direct interactions of adipose tissue with β-elemene. Instead, β-elemene increased Foxp3+CD4+ T cell population enhancing gene expressions of transforming growth factor β 1, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2, integrin αvβ8, and interleukin-10 in intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, this study suggested the therapeutic effects of β-elemene on treating experimental obesity-induced chronic inflammation by adjusting the balance of immune cell populations in fat tissue through the generation of regulatory T cells in the intestinal immune system by modulating DC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Zhou
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takano
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yimei Wang
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Xuyang Li
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Rong Wang
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoshio Wakatsuki
- Department of Clinical Bio-regulatory Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Haruyo Nakajima-Adachi
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hachimura
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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The Antitumor Efficacy of β-Elemene by Changing Tumor Inflammatory Environment and Tumor Microenvironment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6892961. [PMID: 32149121 PMCID: PMC7054771 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6892961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators and inflammatory cells in the inflammatory microenvironment promote the transformation of normal cells to cancer cells in the early stage of cancer, promote the growth and development of cancer cells, and induce tumor immune escape. The monomeric active ingredient β-elemene is extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Curcuma wenyujin and has been proven to have good anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities in clinical applications for more than 20 years in China. Recent studies have found that this traditional Chinese medicine plays a vital role in macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization, as well as in regulating immune disorders, and it even regulates the transcription factors NF-κB and STAT3 to alter inflammation, tumorigenesis, and development. In addition, β-elemene regulates not only different inflammatory factors (such as TNF-α, IFN, TGF-β, and IL-6/10) but also oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. The excellent anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects of β-elemene and its ability to alter the inflammatory microenvironment of tumors have been gradually elaborated. Although the study of monomeric active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines is insufficient in terms of quality and quantity, the pharmacological effects of more active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines will be revealed after β-elemene.
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Mohtashami L, Shakeri A, Javadi B. Neuroprotective natural products against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: A review. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Tong H, Liu Y, Jiang L, Wang J. Multi-Targeting by β-Elemene and Its Anticancer Properties: A Good Choice for Oncotherapy and Radiochemotherapy Sensitization. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:554-567. [PMID: 31387393 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1648694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have focused on chemical agents, tailored from natural edible products, used to prevent and treat various diseases. β-elemene is a well-known compound derived from Curcuma wenyujin that possesses a wide spectrum of anticancer properties under preclinical and clinical conditions. Several studies have demonstrated its inhibitory effect both in humans and animals with cancers. Numerous in vivo and in vitro experimental models have revealed that β-elemene can modulate multiple molecular pathways involved in carcinogenesis. In general, (1) β-elemene itself can inhibit and kill tumor cells through a variety of mechanisms, and (2) can synergistically enhance the effect of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, (3) also can regulate autoimmune in the treatment of tumors. In this article, we critically focused on the available scientific evidence discussing the use of β-elemene in cancer prevention, and its molecular targets and mechanisms of action in different types of cancer. In addition, we have discussed its sources, chemistry, bioavailability, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxuan Tong
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lijie Jiang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshang Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Rapamycin and fingolimod modulate Treg/Th17 cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by regulating the Akt-mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Nuutinen T. Medicinal properties of terpenes found in Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:198-228. [PMID: 30096653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cannabaceae plants Cannabis sativa L. and Humulus lupulus L. are rich in terpenes - both are typically comprised of terpenes as up to 3-5% of the dry-mass of the female inflorescence. Terpenes of cannabis and hops are typically simple mono- and sesquiterpenes derived from two and three isoprene units, respectively. Some terpenes are relatively well known for their potential in biomedicine and have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, while others are yet to be studied in detail. The current, comprehensive review presents terpenes found in cannabis and hops. Terpenes' medicinal properties are supported by numerous in vitro, animal and clinical trials and show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticancer, antitumor, neuroprotective, anti-mutagenic, anti-allergic, antibiotic and anti-diabetic attributes, among others. Because of the very low toxicity, these terpenes are already widely used as food additives and in cosmetic products. Thus, they have been proven safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarmo Nuutinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Univerisity of Eastern Finland (UEF), Finland; Department of Physics and Mathematics, UEF, Finland.
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Xie L, Gong W, Chen J, Xie HW, Wang M, Yin XP, Wu W. The flavonoid kurarinone inhibits clinical progression of EAE through inhibiting Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and proliferation. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 62:227-236. [PMID: 30031314 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The flavonoid kurarinone suppresses CD4+ T-cell-mediated chronic inflammatory dermatitis. However, kurarinone's effects upon autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disease remain unknown. We investigated the potential therapeutic effects and molecular mechanism(s) of kurarinone in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) peptide-induced EAE was constructed in wild-type mice. Effects of kurarinone (100 mg/kg/day) upon clinical scores were assessed based on physical traits and signs. Spinal cord sections were extracted to assess inflammation, demyelination, and mRNA expression of key pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. CNS-infiltrating mononuclear cells (MNCs) and splenocytes were harvested; flow cytometry was then applied to determine CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell percentages as well as Th1/Th2/Th17 subset percentages. Purified naïve CD4+ T-cells underwent in vitro T-cell polarization and proliferation to assess kurarinone's effects. RESULTS Prophylactic and treatment regimens of kurarinone significantly improved clinical scores in the MOG35-55 peptide-induced EAE model (P < 0.05). Kurarinone significantly lowered CNS inflammation and demyelination (61% and 83% decreases, respectively; P < 0.05), significantly decreased MNC infiltration into CNS tissue (42% decrease; P < 0.05), and significantly inhibited levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (P < 0.05). Kurarinone significantly lowered CD4+ and CD8+ CNS T-cell counts (51% and 80% decreases, respectively; P < 0.05) and significantly reduced CNS Th1 and Th17 cell percentages (24% and 44% decreases, respectively; P < 0.05). Kurarinone significantly inhibited in vitro Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation and proliferation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Kurarinone significantly inhibits the clinical progression of EAE through the inhibition of Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and proliferation. Kurarinone may show promise as an immunomodulatory therapeutic agent in treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xie
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong-Wu Xie
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yin
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Rossato C, Brandão WN, Castro SB, de Almeida DC, Maranduba CM, Camara NO, Peron JP, Silva FS. Stem cells from human-exfoliated deciduous teeth reduce tissue-infiltrating inflammatory cells improving clinical signs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Biologicals 2017; 49:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Sun W, Huang Y, Yin T, Wang J, Du R, Qiu J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang G. Effects of elemene on inhibiting proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and promoting reendothelialization at the stent implantation site. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1144-1155. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00190h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Elemene coated stents prepared by electrospray could inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and promote endothelialization after implantation into rabbit iliac arteries.
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Piermattei A, Migliara G, Di Sante G, Foti M, Hayrabedyan SB, Papagna A, Geloso MC, Corbi M, Valentini M, Sgambato A, Delogu G, Constantin G, Ria F. Toll-Like Receptor 2 Mediates In Vivo Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Modulates Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:191. [PMID: 27252700 PMCID: PMC4878199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria display pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in human and experimental pathology. We show here that both effects are mediated by Toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2), by exploiting a previously characterized Tlr2 variant (Met82Ile). Tlr2 82ile promoted self-specific proinflammatory polarization as well as expansion of ag-specific FoxP3(+) Tregs, while Tlr2 82met impairs the expansion of Tregs and reduces the production of IFN-γ and IL-17 proinflammatory cytokines. Preferential dimerization with Tlr1 or Tlr6 could not explain these differences. In silico, we showed that Tlr2 variant Met82Ile modified the binding pocket for peptidoglycans and participated directly to a putative binding pocket for sugars and cadherins. The distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory actions impacted severity, extent of remission, and distribution of the lesions within the central nervous system of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Thus, Tlr2 has a janus function in vivo as mediator of the role of bacterial products in balancing pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Piermattei
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Institute of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Foti
- Molecular Medicine and Immunology Laboratory, Genopolis Consortium, University of "Milano Bicocca" , Milan , Italy
| | - Soren Bohos Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Angela Papagna
- Molecular Medicine and Immunology Laboratory, Genopolis Consortium, University of "Milano Bicocca" , Milan , Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Geloso
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Maddalena Corbi
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Valentini
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Giovanni Delogu
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Francesco Ria
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
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Zhong Y, Liu J, Huo WM, Duan WL, Wang X, Shang J. β-Elemene reduces the progression of atherosclerosis in rabbits. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:415-20. [PMID: 26073337 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the possible effects of β-elemene on the progression of atherosclerosis in a rabbit model. The rabbit atherosclerosis model was established by the combination of balloon angioplasty-induced endothelial injury and an atherogenic diet fed to the rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (8/group): the normal control group (fed with normal chow diet), and three experimental groups, placebo group, atorvastatin group, and β-elemene group (received the atherogenic diet). After two weeks on the diet, the three experimental groups underwent balloon injury at right common carotid artery and were treated with drugs or placebo for five weeks. Serum lipids were measured. Carotid artery lesions were isolated for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro, RAW264.7 macrophages were pretreated with β-elemene and ox-LDL for 24 h and the viability of macrophages was assayed using the MTT method. TNF-α and IL-6 were also determined. Compared with the control group, the thickness of the atherosclerosis lesion in the placebo group was significantly increased; The thickness the drug treatment groups were significantly decreased, compared with that of the placebo group. The infiltration of macrophage was markedly reduced in the β-elemene group compared with that of the placebo group. β-elemene treatment also reduced the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, compared with the placebo group. β-elemene decreased the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in vitro. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that β-elemene retarded the progression of atherosclerosis in vivo and in vitro, which may be related to the capacity of β-elemene to reduce the infiltration of macrophages and suppress inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei-Min Huo
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Wen-Li Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Evangelista MG, Castro SBRD, Alves CCDS, Dias AT, Souza VWD, Reis LBD, Silva LCD, Castañon MCMN, Farias RE, Juliano MA, Ferreira AP. Early IFN-γ production together with decreased expression of TLR3 and TLR9 characterizes EAE development conditional on the presence of myelin. Autoimmunity 2016; 49:258-67. [PMID: 26911613 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2016.1141898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model for the study of multiple sclerosis, which is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite increased efforts to elucidate the function of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in autoimmune diseases of the CNS, the relative contribution of other factors, including the immunomodulatory properties of TLR signaling, role of the innate response and the presence or absence of myelin peptides remain unclear. The aim was to evaluate TLR expression in the CNS during EAE development by investigating the expression of TLRs in the initial phase of EAE and establishing correlations with the modulation of inflammatory factors. Mice were subcutaneously immunized at the tail base with 100 μg of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35-55), emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) supplemented with 400 μg of attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA. Pertussis toxin (300 ng per animal) was intraperitoneally injected on the day of immunization and 48 h later. Another group (MOG(-)) received an equal emulsion of CFA and M. tuberculosis, without MOG35-55, and the same protocol of Pertussis toxin. The immunized mice presented signs of disease with increased IFN-γ production and presence of NK cells on Day 2 postimmunization and reduced the expression of TLR-3 and TLR-9. In the spinal cord, CCL5 and CCL20 were higher in EAE. This study establishes a correlation between TLR-3 and TLR-9 expression with the development of EAE. In addition, evidence of a role for the myelin peptide in targeting the innate inflammatory response to the CNS is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcilene Gomes Evangelista
- a IMUNOCET - Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora , Juiz de Fora , Brazil
| | - Sandra Bertelli Ribeiro De Castro
- a IMUNOCET - Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora , Juiz de Fora , Brazil .,b Department of Pharmacy , Federal University of Juiz de Fora , Governador Valadares , Brazil
| | - Caio César De Souza Alves
- a IMUNOCET - Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora , Juiz de Fora , Brazil .,c Faculty of Medicine , Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri , Teófilo Otoni , Brazil
| | - Alyria Teixeira Dias
- a IMUNOCET - Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora , Juiz de Fora , Brazil
| | - Viano Wyallison De Souza
- a IMUNOCET - Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora , Juiz de Fora , Brazil
| | - Lívia Bittencourt Dos Reis
- a IMUNOCET - Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora , Juiz de Fora , Brazil
| | - Luan Cristian Da Silva
- a IMUNOCET - Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora , Juiz de Fora , Brazil
| | | | - Rogério Estevam Farias
- d Department of Morphology , Federal University of Juiz de Fora , Juiz de Fora , Brazil , and
| | | | - Ana Paula Ferreira
- a IMUNOCET - Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora , Juiz de Fora , Brazil
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Tan W, Gu Z, Shen B, Jiang J, Meng Y, Da Z, Liu H, Tao T, Cheng C. PTEN/Akt-p27kip1Signaling Promote the BM-MSCs Senescence and Apoptosis in SLE Patients. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1583-94. [PMID: 25649549 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
- Department of Emergency; The Yangzhou First People's Hospital; Yangzhou 225001 China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Biyu Shen
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Jinxia Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Zhanyun Da
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Immunology; Medical College; Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Immunology; Medical College; Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Immunology; Medical College; Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target; Medical College; Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
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Zheng Q, Yang T, Fang L, Liu L, Liu H, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Guo H, Fan Y, Wang L. Effects of Bu Shen Yi Sui Capsule on Th17/Treg cytokines in C57BL/6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:60. [PMID: 25887665 PMCID: PMC4369831 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background T helper (Th) 17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease. Bu Shen Yi Sui Capsule (BSYSC), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used clinically for the treatment of MS patients in China. Methods To evaluate the neuroprotective effects and the underlying mechanisms of BSYSC on MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in C57BL/6 mice was induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35–55. Th17 and Treg cells and the related cytokines were detected by flow cytometry, ELISA, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results We found that BSYSC improved neurological function, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and damage to the axons and myelin in the brain and spinal cord. BSYSC down-regulated markedly the ratio of CD4 + IL-17+/CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3+ T cells in the spleen, decreased the cytokines of IL-17A, IL-6, IL-23, TGF-beta1 in the brain, and dropped the ratio of IL-17A and FoxP3 mRNA and protein in the brain or spinal cord at different stages. Conclusions The study demonstrated that BSYSC had a strong neuroprotective effect on EAE mice. The protective mechanisms of BSYSC might be associated with mediating the regulation of Th17/Treg cells.
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Zhang J, Zeng YQ, Zhang J, Pan XD, Kang DY, Huang TW, Chen XC. Tripchlorolide ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by down-regulating ERK1/2-NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. J Neurochem 2015; 133:104-12. [PMID: 25662403 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics; Fujian Institute of Geriatrics; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fuzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fuzhou China
| | - Yu-qi Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics; Fujian Institute of Geriatrics; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fuzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fuzhou China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics; Fujian Institute of Geriatrics; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fuzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fuzhou China
| | - Xiao-dong Pan
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics; Fujian Institute of Geriatrics; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fuzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fuzhou China
| | - De-yong Kang
- Department of Pathology; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fuzhou China
| | - Tian-wen Huang
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics; Fujian Institute of Geriatrics; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fuzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fuzhou China
| | - Xiao-chun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics; Fujian Institute of Geriatrics; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fuzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fuzhou China
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Different MOG35–55 concentrations induce distinguishable inflammation through early regulatory response by IL-10 and TGF-β in mice CNS despite unchanged clinical course. Cell Immunol 2015; 293:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Chinnasamy P, Lutz SE, Riascos-Bernal DF, Jeganathan V, Casimiro I, Brosnan CF, Sibinga NES. Loss of Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Limiting Encephalitogenic CD4 T-Cell Expansion. Mol Med 2015; 21:233-41. [PMID: 25569805 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of human multiple sclerosis (MS), is mediated by myelin-specific autoreactive T cells that cause inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS), with significant contributions from activated microglia and macrophages. The molecular bases for expansion and activation of these cells, plus trafficking to the CNS for peripheral cells, are not fully understood. Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (Aif-1) (also known as ionized Ca(2+) binding adapter-1 [Iba-1]) is induced in leukocytes in MS and EAE; here we provide the first assessment of Aif-1 function in this setting. After myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35-55) immunization, Aif-1-deficient mice were less likely than controls to develop EAE and had less CNS leukocyte infiltration and demyelination; their spinal cords contained fewer CD4 T cells and microglia and more CD8 T cells. These mice also showed significantly less splenic CD4 T-cell expansion and activation, plus decreased proinflammatory cytokine expression. These findings identify Aif-1 as a potent molecule that promotes expansion and activation of CD4 T cells, plus elaboration of a proinflammatory cytokine milieu, in MOG35-55-induced EAE and as a potential therapeutic target in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prameladevi Chinnasamy
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America.,Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Lutz
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Dario F Riascos-Bernal
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America.,Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Venkatesh Jeganathan
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Disease, The Feinstein Institute of Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Isabel Casimiro
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America.,Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Celia F Brosnan
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicholas E S Sibinga
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America.,Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America.,Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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27
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Xu WJ, Wang JS. Immunosuppressive effect of Chinese medicine on T helper 17 cells. Chin J Integr Med 2015. [PMID: 25555595 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
T helper (Th)17 cells have been proposed to play important roles in several human diseases. The literatures about Chinese medicine studies, which related to inhibiting Th17, were reviewed, and the Chinese medicine which could inhibit Th17 cells was summarized in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
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28
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Zhang R, Tian A, Wang J, Shen X, Qi G, Tang Y. miR26a modulates Th17/T reg balance in the EAE model of multiple sclerosis by targeting IL6. Neuromolecular Med 2014; 17:24-34. [PMID: 25362566 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-014-8335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A number of different microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in various autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). T helper (Th)17 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) have likewise been implicated as key players in MS, and a functional imbalance of these cell types is increasingly recognized as a key etiological factor in the disease. Although specific panels of transcription factors and cytokines are known to regulate the Th17/Treg balance, the role of noncoding RNAs remains poorly understood. The inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)6, appears to play a critical role in both the development of the Th17 response and the inhibition of Treg functions. In this research, an IL6-associated miRNA, miR26a, was identified, and its normally downregulated expression was shown to be highly correlated with disease severity in patients suffering from MS as well as in C57BL/6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; a well-established animal model of human MS). Using the EAE model system, in vivo silencing of miR26a was found to result in increased expression of Th17-related cytokines and increased severity of EAE, while overexpression of miR26a was found to result in reduced expression of Th17-related cytokines and a milder form of EAE. By contrast, Treg cell-specific transcription factor, Foxp3, was found to be positively correlated with miR26a expression. Finally, miR26a was found to downregulate Th17 and to upregulate Treg cell function through its targeting of IL6. Taken together, our data indicate an important role for miR26a in maintaining the Th17 and Treg cell balance in MS that involves repression of IL6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongwei Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China,
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29
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Alberti TB, Marcon R, Bicca MA, Raposo NRB, Calixto JB, Dutra RC. Essential oil from Pterodon emarginatus seeds ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating Th1/Treg cell balance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:485-494. [PMID: 24892832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pterodon emarginatus Vogel is a medicinal plant commonly used in Brazilian traditional medicine as a folk therapy due to its immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, healing, tonic and depurative activities. The essential oil (EO) of Pterodon emarginatus is composed of volatile aromatic terpenes and phenyl propanoids, mainly, β-elemene and β-caryophyllene sesquiterpenes. Here we reported the effects and some underlying mechanisms of action of EO during murine model of MS, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS EO (50 and 100 mg/kg) was orally administered during the entire period of development of EAE (preventive treatment, day 0-25). In vitro and in vivo immunological responses were evaluated by ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. RESULTS We provide evidence that EO of Pterodon emarginatus (100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly attenuates neurological signs and also the development of EAE. Furthermore, at the same dose EO consistently inhibited Th1 cell-mediated immune response and upregulated Treg response in vitro. Moreover, the EO inhibited both microglial activation and expression of iNOS, associated with inhibition of axonal demyelization and neuronal death during the development of the disease. CONCLUSION This is the first experimental evidence showing that oral administration of EO consistently reduces and limits the severity and development of EAE, mainly, through the modulation of Th1/Treg immune balance, and might represent a helpful new tool for control immunoinflammatory conditions, such as MS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brazil
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Fabaceae/chemistry
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Medicine, Traditional
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Oils, Volatile/administration & dosage
- Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification
- Oils, Volatile/pharmacology
- Seeds
- Severity of Illness Index
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís B Alberti
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Marcon
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maíra A Bicca
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nádia R B Raposo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde (NUPICS), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - João B Calixto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Dutra
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Autoimunidade e Imunofarmacologia (LAIF), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Araranguá, Araranguá, SC, Brazil.
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Zhang LN, Chen K, Qian L, Hu YQ, Xu LN, Zhou GX, Zhang H. Effect of treatment with elemene on expression of apoptosis-related proteins in pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:2385-2392. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i17.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of PTEN, p53 and Bcl-2 proteins in pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in nude mice after treatment with elemene, and to explore the effect of elemene on the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells.
METHODS: Thirty mice with subcutaneous xenografts of a pancreatic cancer cell line (SW1990) were randomly divided into five groups: a negative control group, low- and high-dose elemene-treated groups, a gemcitabine-treated group, and an elemene plus gemcitabine group. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine the expression of PTEN, p53 and Bcl-2 proteins in pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in nude mice after treatment with elemene.
RESULTS: The expression of PTEN and p53 proteins had a trend of up-regulation, while the expression of Bcl-2 protein had a trend of down-regulation in pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in nude mice after treatment with elemene. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed the same trend. Compared with the negative control group, the expression of p53 was significantly up-regulated, while Bcl-2 was down-regulated in the high-dose elemene group. Compared with the gemcitabine-treated group, the expression of p53 was significantly up-regulated, but Bcl-2 had no significant change in the combination treatment group. Immunohistochemical staining showed similar results to Western blot analysis.
CONCLUSION: Elemene can up-regulate the expression of PTEN and p53 proteins and down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 protein in pancreatic cancer in a dose dependent manner, thereby inducing the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells.
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31
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Noack M, Miossec P. Th17 and regulatory T cell balance in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:668-77. [PMID: 24418308 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 647] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the biology of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells and their role in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Th17 cells represent a pro-inflammatory subset whereas Treg cells have an antagonist effect. Their developmental pathways are reciprocally interconnected and there is an important plasticity between Th17 and Treg cells. These features implicate that the Th17/Treg balance plays a major role in the development and the disease outcomes of animal model and human autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. During these diseases, this balance is disturbed and this promotes the maintenance of inflammation. Targeting the Th17/Treg imbalance can be performed at different levels such as inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors, of pathogenic cells or their specific signaling pathways. Conversely, direct effects include administration or induction of protective cells, or stimulation of their specific pathways. Several clinical trials are underway and some positive results have been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Noack
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit EA 4130, University of Lyon 1, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital Edouard Herriot, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit EA 4130, University of Lyon 1, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital Edouard Herriot, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
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32
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Shi F, Yang G, Ren J, Guo T, Du Y, Feng N. Formulation design, preparation, and in vitro and in vivo characterizations of β-Elemene-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2533-41. [PMID: 23901271 PMCID: PMC3726437 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s46578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared and optimized for the intravenous delivery of β-Elemene (β-E). Aqueous dispersions of NLCs were successfully prepared by high-pressure homogenization method using glycerol monostearate as the solid lipid and a mixture of Maisine 35-1 and Labrafil M1944 CS as the liquid lipid. The results revealed that the morphology of the NLCs was spheroidal. The particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (EE) for the optimized formulation were observed as 138.9 nm, -20.2 mV, and 82.11%, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of less ordered structures in the inner core of the NLC particles. Moreover, the β-E-loaded NLCs were also less irritating and less toxic compared to Elemene injection. In addition, β-E-NLCs showed a significantly higher bioavailability and anti-tumor efficacy than Elemene injection. Taken together, our data indicate that the β-E-NLCs described in this study are well-suited for the intravenous delivery of β-E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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33
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Velozo LSM, Martino T, Vigliano MV, Pinto FA, Silva GP, Justo MDGA, Sabino KCC, Coelho MGP. Pterodon polygalaeflorusEssential Oil Modulates Acute Inflammation and B and T Lymphocyte Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:545-63. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The increased life expectancy of the population has led to increasing incidences of cancer, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Thus the continuous search for new drugs is necessary because ineffectiveness and adverse effects have been described for standard drugs. Essential oils are important sources of bioactive metabolites and several clinical trials have been developed using them. The Pterodon genus has been used in traditional medicine to treat rheumatic disorders, thus this work investigated the properties of essential oil from Pterodon polygalaeflorus fruits (EsOPpg) on acute inflammation and lymphocyte activation. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and its components were identified by GC/MS. The anti-inflammatory response was assessed using the air pouch model. Antinociceptive potential was evaluated using the writhing model. Lymphocyte phenotyping, cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. EsOPpg promoted a reduction in leukocyte counts and protein concentration in the exudate, and reduced vasodilatation and inflammatory cell infiltrate in air pouch tissue. No antinociceptive effect was demonstrated for the doses tested. EsOPpg inhibited lymphocyte proliferation, arresting the cell cycle in G1phase, and induced apoptosis in these cells. EsOPpg downregulated both the total number of CD8+T cells and the activated subpopulation (CD8+CD69+), while promoting upregulation of the total number of CD19+and CD19+CD69+B cells. In conclusion, Pterodon polygalaeflorus essential oil diminished the acute inflammatory response and inhibited lymphocyte proliferation, reducing neutrophil recruitment into the cavity and air pouch tissue and promoting distinct modulations of the activation level of each lymphocyte subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leosvaldo S. M. Velozo
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, Biomedical Center – Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Martino
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, Biomedical Center – Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana V. Vigliano
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, Biomedical Center – Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabiana A. Pinto
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, Biomedical Center – Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Girlaine P. Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, Biomedical Center – Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça A. Justo
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, Biomedical Center – Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia C. C. Sabino
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, Biomedical Center – Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marsen G. P. Coelho
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, Biomedical Center – Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Dai ZJ, Tang W, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma XB, Min WL, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of β-elemene on human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:27. [PMID: 23496852 PMCID: PMC3614892 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β-elemene, a natural sesquiterpene extracted from the essential oils of Curcuma aromatica Salisb, has been shown to be effective against a wide range of tumors. In this study, the antitumor effect of β-elemene on a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, and the mechanism involved have been investigated. Methods MTT assay was used to determine the growth inhibition of hepatoma HepG2 cells in vitro. Apoptosis of HepG2 cells were demonstrated by fluorescence microscope with Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the cell cycle distribution of HepG2 cells. The mRNA and protein expression of Fas and FasL were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results MTT results showed that β-elemene could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a time- and dose- dependent manner. Our results showed β-elemene had positive effect on apoptosis through fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry assay. Furthermore, β-elemene could induce the cell cycle arrest of the HepG2 cells in the G2/M phase. Fas and FasL expression were obviously increased after β-elemene treatment in both mRNA and protein level. Conclusion The present study indicates that β-elemene can effectively inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in hepatoma HepG2 cells, and the apoptosis induction is related with up-regulating of Fas/FasL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Dai
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of life science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wang-Feng Lu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Hua-Feng Kang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Ma
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Wei-Li Min
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xi-Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Wen-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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35
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Lu JJ, Dang YY, Huang M, Xu WS, Chen XP, Wang YT. Anti-cancer properties of terpenoids isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae--a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:406-411. [PMID: 22820242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma Curcumae is a popular type of traditional Chinese medicine whose essential oils are widely used in the treatment of cancer in China. This review aims to systematically summarize and analyze the anti-cancer properties of terpenoids, the main components of essential oils in Rhizoma Curcumae, and thus enable the development of new anti-cancer drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on the recent progress of anti-cancer studies on terpenoids isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae, including β-elemene, δ-elemene, furanodiene, furanodienone, curcumol, and germacrone, was gathered and analyzed. RESULTS Among these terpenoids, β-elemene is the most widely studied, whereas δ-elemene, furanodiene, furanodienone, curcumol, and germacrone have just recently attracted the attention of researchers. The anti-cancer effects of these terpenoids are related to the retardation of cell cycle arrest, the induction of apoptosis, and the inhibition of metastasis or tissue invasion, among others. CONCLUSIONS Most studies have focused on the in vitro data, and in vivo data is urgently needed. Further insight into the anti-cancer activity and the molecular basis of these compounds, combined with efforts in pharmaceutical chemistry and/or pharmaceutics, will potentially enable the development of new anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, PR China
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36
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Liu Y, Zhao H, Zhang J, Zhang P, Li M, Qi F, Wang Y, Kou S, Zheng Q, Wang L. The Regulatory Effect of Liuwei Dihuang Pills on Cytokines in Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:295-308. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory effect of Liuwei Dihuang Pills (LDP) was studied on cytokines in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for human multiple sclerosis (MS), induced by immunization with MOG35-55 and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) supplemented with pertussis toxin (PTX). LDP was administrated orally for 40 days, and prednisone acetate (PA) was used as a control. The pathological changes in the spinal cords of mice were observed by light microscope with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The protein and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in the spinal cords were assessed by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR assay, and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in mice plasma was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) on days 12, 25 and 40 post-immunization (PI). The results showed that inflammatory cells, demyelination and axonal loss were reduced, and that the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α and the ratio of TNF-α/TGF-β were obviously decreased, to different extents. However, the levels of cAMP were enhanced in LDP-treated groups. These findings suggested that LDP regulates the cytokine balance in favor of T helper 1 (Th1)/regulatory T (Treg) cells, which depend on enhancement of cAMP levels. LDP has a potential role in the treatment of MS and other demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fang Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuang Kou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Euphol prevents experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: Evidence for the underlying mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:531-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Castro SB, Junior CO, Alves CC, Dias AT, Alves LL, Mazzoccoli L, Mesquita FP, Figueiredo NS, Juliano MA, Castañon MCM, Gameiro J, Almeida MV, Teixeira HC, Ferreira AP. Immunomodulatory effects and improved prognosis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after O-tetradecanoyl-genistein treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 12:465-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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39
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Subramanian S, Shahaf G, Ozeri E, Miller LM, Vandenbark AA, Lewis EC, Offner H. Sustained expression of circulating human alpha-1 antitrypsin reduces inflammation, increases CD4+FoxP3+ Treg cell population and prevents signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2011; 26:107-13. [PMID: 21437674 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-011-9239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is the primary circulating serine protease inhibitor, and is known to exert potent anti-inflammatory effects and to inhibit the progression of several autoimmune diseases. In this study, transgenic mice that over-express surfactant-driven human (h)AAT on the C57BL/6 background were evaluated for resistance to MOG-35-55 peptide-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), compared to WT C57BL/6 control mice. According to the results, sustained levels of circulating hAAT profoundly inhibited induction of clinical signs, inflammatory lesions and demyelination observed in WT mice with EAE, concomitant with enhanced levels of CD4+FoxP3+ Treg cells, reduced secretion of MOG peptide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-17, IL-1β & IL-6, diminished expression of caspase-1 and enhanced expression of CCR6. These results implicate hAAT as a potent immunoregulatory agent worthy of further investigation as a potential therapy in human autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Caspases/metabolism
- Demyelinating Diseases/immunology
- Demyelinating Diseases/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Forkhead Transcription Factors
- Glycoproteins/administration & dosage
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Humans
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Interleukin-17/analysis
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/analysis
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/analysis
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Receptors, CCR6/analysis
- Receptors, CCR6/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- alpha 1-Antitrypsin/immunology
- alpha 1-Antitrypsin/metabolism
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