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Wu H, Fan Y, Zhang M. Advanced Progress in the Role of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in the Application of Central Nervous System Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2637. [PMID: 38004615 PMCID: PMC10674952 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ADMSCs) are recognized as a highly promising material for stem cell therapy due to their accessibility and safety. Given the frequently irreversible damage to neural cells associated with CNS disorders, ADMSC-related therapy, which primarily encompasses ADMSC transplantation and injection with exosomes derived from ADMSCs or secretome, has the capability to inhibit inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis, promote neural regeneration, as well as modulate immune responses, holding potential as a comprehensive approach to treat CNS disorders and improve prognosis. Empirical evidence from both experiments and clinical trials convincingly demonstrates the satisfactory safety and efficacy of ADMSC-related therapies. This review provides a systematic summary of the role of ADMSCs in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders and explores their therapeutic potential for clinical application. ADMSC-related therapy offers a promising avenue to mitigate damage and enhance neurological function in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, further research is necessary to establish the safety and efficacy of clinical ADMSC-based therapy, optimize targeting accuracy, and refine delivery approaches for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yishu Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Sotthibundhu A, Muangchan P, Phonchai R, Promjantuek W, Chaicharoenaudomrung N, Kunhorm P, Noisa P. Autophagy Promoted Neural Differentiation of Human Placenta-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. In Vivo 2021; 35:2609-2620. [PMID: 34410948 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) are multipotent and possess neurogenicity. Numerous studies have shown that Notch inhibition and DNA demethylation promote neural differentiation. Here, we investigated the modulation of autophagy during neural differentiation of hPMSCs, induced by DAPT and 5-Azacytidine. MATERIALS AND METHODS hPMSCs were treated with DAPT to induce neural differentiation, and the autophagy regulating molecules were used to assess the impact of autophagy on neural differentiation. RESULTS The hPMSCs presented with typical mesenchymal stem cell phenotypes, in which the majority of cells expressed CD73, CD90 and CD105. hPMSCs were multipotent, capable of differentiating into mesodermal cells. After treatment with DAPT, hPMSCs upregulated the expression of neuronal genes including SOX2, Nestin, and βIII-tubulin, and the autophagy genes LC3I/II and Beclin. These genes were further increased when 5-Azacytidine was co-supplemented in the culture medium. The inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine impeded the neural differentiation of hPMSCs, marked by the downregulation of βIII-tubulin, while the activation of autophagy by valproic acid (VPA) instigated the emergence of βIII-tubulin-positive cells. CONCLUSION During the differentiation process, autophagy was modulated, implying that autophagy could play a significant role during the differentiation of these cells. The blockage and stimulation of autophagy could either hinder or induce the formation of neural-like cells, respectively. Therefore, the refinement of autophagic activity at an appropriate level might improve the efficiency of stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areechun Sotthibundhu
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pattamon Muangchan
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Ruchee Phonchai
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Promjantuek
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Kunhorm
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Parinya Noisa
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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3
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Neurogenic and Neuroprotective Potential of Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061475. [PMID: 34208414 PMCID: PMC8231154 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the number of stem-cell based experimental therapies in neurological injuries and neurodegenerative disorders has been massively increasing. Despite the fact that we still have not obtained strong evidence of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells’ neurogenic effectiveness in vivo, research may need to focus on more appropriate sources that result in more therapeutically promising cell populations. In this study, we used dedifferentiated fat cells (DFAT) that are proven to demonstrate more pluripotent abilities in comparison with standard adipose stromal cells (ASCs). We used the ceiling culture method to establish DFAT cells and to optimize culture conditions with the use of a physioxic environment (5% O2). We also performed neural differentiation tests and assessed the neurogenic and neuroprotective capability of both DFAT cells and ASCs. Our results show that DFAT cells may have a better ability to differentiate into oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neuron-like cells, both in culture supplemented with N21 and in co-culture with oxygen–glucose-deprived (OGD) hippocampal organotypic slice culture (OHC) in comparison with ASCs. Results also show that DFAT cells have a different secretory profile than ASCs after contact with injured tissue. In conclusion, DFAT cells constitute a distinct subpopulation and may be an alternative source in cell therapy for the treatment of nervous system disorders.
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Asgari V, Landarani-Isfahani A, Salehi H, Amirpour N, Hashemibeni B, Kazemi M, Bahramian H. Direct Conjugation of Retinoic Acid with Gold Nanoparticles to Improve Neural Differentiation of Human Adipose Stem Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1836-1850. [PMID: 32514739 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been proposed as useful medical carriers in the field of regenerative medicine. This study aimed to assess the direct conjugation ability of retinoic acid (RA) with AuNPs and to develop a strategy to differentiate the human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hADSCs) into neurons using AuNPs-RA. The physical properties of this nanocarrier were characterized using FT-IR, TEM, and FE-SEM. Moreover, the efficiency of RA conjugation on AuNPs was determined at 99% using UV-Vis spectroscopy. According to the MTT assay, an RA concentration of 66 μM caused a 50% inhibition of cell viability and AuNPs were not cytotoxic in concentrations below 5 μg/ml. Real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry proved that AuNPs-RA is able to increase the expression of neuronal marker genes and the number of neuronal protein (GFAP and MAP2)-positive cells, 14 days post-induction of hADSCs. Taken together, these results confirmed that the AuNPs-RA promote the neuronal differentiation of hADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Asgari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Amirpour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batool Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Bahramian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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5
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Armando RG, Gómez DLM, Gomez DE. New drugs are not enough‑drug repositioning in oncology: An update. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:651-684. [PMID: 32124955 PMCID: PMC7010222 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning refers to the concept of discovering novel clinical benefits of drugs that are already known for use treating other diseases. The advantages of this are that several important drug characteristics are already established (including efficacy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity), making the process of research for a putative drug quicker and less costly. Drug repositioning in oncology has received extensive focus. The present review summarizes the most prominent examples of drug repositioning for the treatment of cancer, taking into consideration their primary use, proposed anticancer mechanisms and current development status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Gabriela Armando
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina
| | - Diego Luis Mengual Gómez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina
| | - Daniel Eduardo Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina
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6
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The Cellular and Molecular Patterns Involved in the Neural Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1298:23-41. [PMID: 32514816 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Injuries to the nervous system cause serious problems among affected patients by preventing them from the possibility of living a normal life. As this tissue possesses a reduced capacity of self-regeneration currently, lots of different strategies are being developed in order to make the regeneration in the nervous system possible. Among them, tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapies are to date very exploded fields and tremendous progress has been made in this direction. As the two main components of the nervous system, react differently to injuries and behave different during disease, it is clear that two separate regeneration approaches have been taken into consideration during development of treatment. Special attention is constantly given to the potential of adipose-derived stem cells for this kind of application. Due to the fact that they present remarkable properties, they can easily be obtained and have demonstrated that are capable of engaging in neural and glial lineages, adipose-derived stem cells are promising tools for the field of nervous system regeneration. Moreover, new insights into epigenetic control and modifications during the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells towards the neural liege could provide new methods to maximize the regeneration process. In this review, we summarize the current applications of adipose-derived stem cells for neural regeneration and discuss in-depth molecular patterns involved in the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells in neuron-like cells and Schwann-like cells.
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George S, Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Neuroglia: in the Context of Cell Signalling. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 15:814-826. [PMID: 31515658 PMCID: PMC6925073 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The promise of engineering specific cell types from stem cells and rebuilding damaged or diseased tissues has fascinated stem cell researchers and clinicians over last few decades. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into non-mesodermal cells, particularly neural-lineage, consisting of neurons and glia. These multipotent adult stem cells can be used for implementing clinical trials in neural repair. Ongoing research identifies several molecular mechanisms involved in the speciation of neuroglia, which are tightly regulated and interconnected by various components of cell signalling machinery. Growing MSCs with multiple inducers in culture media will initiate changes on intricately interlinked cell signalling pathways and processes. Net result of these signal flow on cellular architecture is also dependent on the type of ligands and stem cells investigated in vitro. However, our understanding about this dynamic signalling machinery is limited and confounding, especially with spheroid structures, neurospheres and organoids. Therefore, the results for differentiating neurons and glia in vitro have been inconclusive, so far. Added to this complication, we have no convincing evidence about the electrical conductivity and functionality status generated in differentiating neurons and glia. This review has taken a step forward to tailor the information on differentiating neuroglia with the common methodologies, in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajan George
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
- Wellman Centre for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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8
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Salehi H, Razavi S, Esfandiari E, Kazemi M, Amini S, Amirpour N. Application of Hanging Drop Culture for Retinal Precursor-Like Cells Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Using Small Molecules. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:597-607. [PMID: 31363912 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases lead to blindness due to poorly regenerative potential of the retina. Recently, cell therapy is more considered for degenerative diseases. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue are a suitable source for this purpose. Therefore, we conducted a stepwise efficient method to differentiate human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) into retinal precursor-like cells in vitro. We compared two differentiation protocols, monolayer and hanging drop cultures. Through the defined medium and 3D hanging drop culture method, we could achieve up to 75% retinal precursor gene expression profile (PAX6, RAX, CHX10, and CRX) from hADSCs. By imitation of in vivo development, for direct conversion of stem cells into retinal cells, the suppression of the BMP, Nodal, and Wnt signaling pathways was carried out by using three small molecules. The hADSCs were primarily differentiated into anterior neuroectodermal cells by expression of OTX2, SIX3, and Β-TUB III and then the differentiated cells were propelled into the retinal cells. According to our data from real-time PCR, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and functional assay, it seems that the hanging drop method improved retinal precursor differentiation yield which these precursor-like cells respond to glutamate neurotransmitter. Regarding the easy accessibility and immunosuppressive properties of hADSCs and more efficient hanging drop method, this study may be useful for future autologous cell therapy of retinal degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetic, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahram Amini
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Amirpour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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9
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Faghih H, Javeri A, Amini H, Taha MF. Directed differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells to dopaminergic neurons in low-serum and serum-free conditions. Neurosci Lett 2019; 708:134353. [PMID: 31251959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Directing the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to dopaminergic neurons has great importance in both biomedical studies and cell therapy of Parkinson's disease. We recently generated dopamine-secreting cells from human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs) by exposing the cells to a growth factor cocktail composed of SHH, bFGF, FGF8 and BDNF in low-serum condition. In the current study, we induced the cells by the same dopaminergic inducing cocktail in serum-free B27-supplemented Neurobasal medium. ADSCs differentiated in both conditions expressed several neuronal and dopaminergic markers. However, there were higher gene expression levels under the serum-free condition. Higher levels of TUJ1 and TH proteins were also detected in the cells exposed to the dopaminergic-inducing cocktail under serum-free Neurobasal condition. TH protein was expressed in about 28% and 60% of the cells differentiated in the low-serum and serum-free Neurobasal media, respectively. Moreover, the cells exposed to the dopaminergic-inducing cocktail in the serum-free Neurobasal condition released a more significant amount of dopamine in response to KCl-induced depolarization. Altogether, these findings show a greater efficiency of the serum-free Neurobasal condition for growth factor-directed differentiation of hADSCs to functional dopamine-secreting cells which may be valuable for transplantation therapy of Parkinson's disease in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Faghih
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative medicine, Institute for Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Javeri
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative medicine, Institute for Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Amini
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Fakhr Taha
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative medicine, Institute for Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Orqueda AJ, Gatti CR, Ogara MF, Falzone TL. SOX-11 regulates LINE-1 retrotransposon activity during neuronal differentiation. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3708-3719. [PMID: 30276805 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Activity of the human long interspersed nuclear elements-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon occurs mainly in early embryonic development and during hippocampal neurogenesis. SOX-11, a transcription factor relevant to neuronal development, has unknown functions in the control of LINE-1 retrotransposon activity during neuronal differentiation. To study the dependence of LINE-1 activity on SOX-11 during neuronal differentiation, we induced differentiation of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and adult adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) to a neuronal fate and found increased LINE-1 activity. We also show that SOX-11 protein binding to the LINE-1 promoter is higher in differentiating neuroblastoma cells, while knock-down of SOX-11 inhibits the induction of LINE-1 transcription in differentiating conditions. These results suggest that activation of LINE-1 retrotransposition during neuronal differentiation is mediated by SOX-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés J Orqueda
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires e Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia R Gatti
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires e Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Ogara
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET-UBA), FCEN, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás L Falzone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN-CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Luo L, Hu DH, Yin JQ, Xu RX. Molecular Mechanisms of Transdifferentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Neural Cells: Current Status and Perspectives. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5630802. [PMID: 30302094 PMCID: PMC6158979 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5630802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases can severely compromise both physical and psychological health. Recently, adult mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) based cell transplantation has become a potential therapeutic strategy. However, most studies related to the transdifferentiation of MSCs into neural cells have had disappointing outcomes. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying MSC transdifferentiation is necessary to make adult stem cells more applicable to treating neurological diseases. Several studies have focused on adipose-derived stromal/stem cell (ADSC) transdifferentiation. The purpose of this review is to outline the molecular characterization of ADSCs, to describe the methods for inducing ADSC transdifferentiation, and to examine factors influencing transdifferentiation, including transcription factors, epigenetics, and signaling pathways. Exploring and understanding the mechanisms are a precondition for developing and applying novel cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710032, China
- Stem Cell Research Center, Neurosurgery Institute of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
- Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Da-Hai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710032, China
| | - James Q. Yin
- Stem Cell Research Center, Neurosurgery Institute of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
- Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ru-Xiang Xu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Neurosurgery Institute of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
- Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
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12
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George S, Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Current and Future Trends in Adipose Stem Cell Differentiation into Neuroglia. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:230-240. [PMID: 29570423 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological diseases and disorders pose a challenge for treatment and rehabilitation due to the limited capacity of the nervous system to repair itself. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are more pliable than any adult stem cells and are capable of differentiating into non-mesodermal tissues, including neurons. Transdifferentiating ASCs to specific neuronal lineage cells enables us to deliver the right type of cells required for a replacement therapy into the nervous system. METHODS Several methodologies are being explored and tested to differentiate ASCs to functional neurons and glia with cellular factors and chemical compounds. However, none of these processes and prototypes has been wholly successful in changing the cellular structure and functional status of ASCs to become identical to neuroglial cells. In addition, successful integration and functional competence of these cells for use in clinical applications remain problematic. Photobiomodulation or low-level laser irradiation has been successfully applied to not only improve ASC viability and proliferation but has also shown promise as a possible enhancer of ASC differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Studies have shown that photobiomodulation improves the use of stem cell transplantation for neurological applications. This review investigates current neuro-differentiation inducers and suitable methodologies, including photobiomodulation, utilizing ASCs for induction of differentiation into neuronal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajan George
- 1 Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- 2 Wellman Centre for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- 1 Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein, South Africa
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Andrographolide Promotes Neural Differentiation of Rat Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells through Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4210867. [PMID: 29085837 PMCID: PMC5632471 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4210867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) are a high-yield source of pluripotent stem cells for use in cell-based therapies. We explored the effect of andrographolide (ANDRO, one of the ingredients of the medicinal herb extract) on the neural differentiation of rat ADSCs and associated molecular mechanisms. We observed that rat ADSCs were small and spindle-shaped and expressed multiple stem cell markers including nestin. They were multipotent as evidenced by adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and neural differentiation under appropriate conditions. The proportion of cells exhibiting neural-like morphology was higher, and neurites developed faster in the ANDRO group than in the control group in the same neural differentiation medium. Expression levels of the neural lineage markers MAP2, tau, GFAP, and β-tubulin III were higher in the ANDRO group. ANDRO induced a concentration-dependent increase in Wnt/β-catenin signaling as evidenced by the enhanced expression of nuclear β-catenin and the inhibited form of GSK-3β (pSer9). Thus, this study shows for the first time how by enhancing the neural differentiation of ADSCs we expect that ANDRO pretreatment may increase the efficacy of adult stem cell transplantation in nervous system diseases, but more exploration is needed.
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14
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Amirpour N, Razavi S, Esfandiari E, Hashemibeni B, Kazemi M, Salehi H. Hanging drop culture enhances differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into anterior neuroectodermal cells using small molecules. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 59:21-30. [PMID: 28285945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by in vivo developmental process, several studies were conducted to design a protocol for differentiating of mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells in vitro. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) as mesenchymal stem cells are a promising source for this purpose. At current study, we applied a defined neural induction medium by using small molecules for direct differentiation of hADSCs into anterior neuroectodermal cells. Anterior neuroectodermal differentiation of hADSCs was performed by hanging drop and monolayer protocols. At these methods, three small molecules were used to suppress the BMP, Nodal, and Wnt signaling pathways in order to obtain anterior neuroectodermal (eye field) cells from hADSCs. After two and three weeks of induction, the differentiated cells with neural morphology expressed anterior neuroectodermal markers such as OTX2, SIX3, β-TUB III and PAX6. The protein expression of such markers was confirmed by real time, RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry methods According to our data, it seems that the hanging drop method is a proper approach for neuroectodermal induction of hADSCs. Considering wide availability and immunosuppressive properties of hADSCs, these cells may open a way for autologous cell therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Amirpour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batoul Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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15
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Warnecke A, Mellott AJ, Römer A, Lenarz T, Staecker H. Advances in translational inner ear stem cell research. Hear Res 2017; 353:76-86. [PMID: 28571616 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell research is expanding our understanding of developmental biology as well as promising the development of new therapies for a range of different diseases. Within hearing research, the use of stem cells has focused mainly on cell replacement. Stem cells however have a broad range of other potential applications that are just beginning to be explored in the ear. Mesenchymal stem cells are an adult derived stem cell population that have been shown to produce growth factors, modulate the immune system and can differentiate into a wide variety of tissue types. Potential advantages of mesenchymal/adult stem cells are that they have no ethical constraints on their use. However, appropriate regulatory oversight seems necessary in order to protect patients from side effects. Disadvantages may be the lack of efficacy in many preclinical studies. But if proven safe and efficacious, they are easily translatable to clinical trials. The current review will focus on the potential application on mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of inner ear disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Adam J Mellott
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ariane Römer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Naderi N, Combellack EJ, Griffin M, Sedaghati T, Javed M, Findlay MW, Wallace CG, Mosahebi A, Butler PEM, Seifalian AM, Whitaker IS. The regenerative role of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Int Wound J 2017; 14:112-124. [PMID: 26833722 PMCID: PMC7949873 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential use of stem cell-based therapies for the repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs offers a paradigm shift in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The use of either embryonic stem cells (ESC) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in clinical situations is limited because of regulations and ethical considerations even though these cells are theoretically highly beneficial. Adult mesenchymal stem cells appear to be an ideal stem cell population for practical regenerative medicine. Among these cells, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) have the potential to differentiate the mesenchymal, ectodermal and endodermal lineages and are easy to harvest. Additionally, adipose tissue yields a high number of ADSC per volume of tissue. Based on this background knowledge, the purpose of this review is to summarise and describe the proliferation and differentiation capacities of ADSC together with current preclinical data regarding the use of ADSC as regenerative tools in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Naderi
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS)Swansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic SurgeryABMU Health BoardSwanseaUK
| | - Emman J Combellack
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS)Swansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic SurgeryABMU Health BoardSwanseaUK
| | - Michelle Griffin
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tina Sedaghati
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Muhammad Javed
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS)Swansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic SurgeryABMU Health BoardSwanseaUK
| | - Michael W Findlay
- Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryStanford University Medical CentreStanfordCAUSA
| | | | - Afshin Mosahebi
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Plastic SurgeryRoyal Free NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Peter EM Butler
- Department of Plastic SurgeryRoyal Free NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Iain S Whitaker
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS)Swansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic SurgeryABMU Health BoardSwanseaUK
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17
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Salehi H, Amirpour N, Niapour A, Razavi S. An Overview of Neural Differentiation Potential of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 12:26-41. [PMID: 26490462 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is wide interest in application of adult stem cells due to easy to obtain with a minimal patient discomfort, capable of producing cell numbers in large quantities and their immunocompatible properties without restriction by ethical concerns. Among these stem cells, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human adipose tissue are considered as an ideal source for various regenerative medicine. In spite of mesodermal origin of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), these cells have differentiation potential toward mesodermal and non-mesodermal lineages. Up to now, several studies have shown that hADSCs can undergo transdifferentiation and produce cells outside of their lineage, especially into neural cells when they are transferred to a specific cell environment. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of the existing state of knowledge of the differentiation potential of hADSCs, specifically their ability to give rise to neuronal cells. The following review discusses different protocols considered for differentiation of hADSCs to neural cells, the neural markers that are used in each procedure and possible mechanisms that are involved in this differentiation.
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Gao S, Zhao P, Lin C, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Yang D, Wang X, Xu H, Zhou F, Cao L, Zhou W, Ning K, Chen X, Xu J. Differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells which are compatible with photocurable three-dimensional scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1271-84. [PMID: 24251600 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hADSCs) hold a great promise for cell-based therapy for many devastating human diseases, such as spinal cord injury and stroke. If exogenous hADSCs can be cultured in a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold with effective proliferation and differentiation capacity, it will better mimic the in vivo environment, which will have profound impact on the therapeutic application of hADSCs. In this study, a group of elastic-dominant, porous bioscaffolds from photocurable chitosan and gelatin were fabricated and proven to be biocompatible with both hADSCs and hADSC-derived neuron-like cells (hADSC-NLCs) in vitro. The identity of harvested hADSCs was confirmed by their positive immunostaining of mesenchymal stem cell surface markers, CD29, CD44, and CD105, and also positive expression of stem markers, Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, Nanog, and Klf4. Their multipotency was further confirmed by trilineage differentiation of hADSCs toward adipocyte, osteoblast, and chondrocyte. It was found that hADSCs could be conditioned to differentiate into neurons in vitro as determined by immunostaining the markers of Tuj1, MAP2, NeuN, and Synapsin. The hADSCs and hADSC-NLCs were proven to be biocompatible with 3D scaffold, which actually facilitated the proliferation and differentiation of hADSCs in vitro, by MTT assay and their neuronal gene expression profiling. Moreover, hADSC-NLCs, which were mixed with 3D scaffold and transplanted into traumatic brain injury mouse model, survived in vivo and led to the better repair of the damaged brain area. The immunohistochemical studies revealed that 3D scaffold indeed improved the viability of transplanted cells, their ability to incorporate into the in vivo neural circuit, and their capacity for tissue repair. This study indicates that hADSCs would have great therapeutic application potential as seeding cells for in vivo transplantation to treat various neurological diseases when co-applied with porous chitosan/gelatin bioscaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Gao
- 1 East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P.R. China
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Osathanon T, Manokawinchoke J, Nowwarote N, Aguilar P, Palaga T, Pavasant P. Notch signaling is involved in neurogenic commitment of human periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1220-31. [PMID: 23379739 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling plays critical roles in stem cells by regulating cell fate determination and differentiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the participation of Notch signaling in neurogenic commitment of human periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDLSCs) and to examine the ability to control differentiation of these cells using modified surfaces containing affinity immobilized Notch ligands. Neurogenic induction of hPDLSCs was performed via neurosphere formation. Cells were aggregated and form spheres as early 1 day in culture. In addition, the induced cells exhibited increased mRNA and protein expression of neuronal markers that is, β3-tubulin and neurofilament. During neuronal differentiation, a significant increase of Hes1 and Hey1 mRNA expression was noted. Using pharmacological inhibition (γ-secretase inhibitor) or genetic manipulation (overexpression of dominant negative mastermind-like transcription co-activators), neurosphere formation was attenuated and a marked decrease in neurogenic mRNA expression was observed. To confirm the role of Notch signaling in neuronal differentiation of hPDLSCs, the Notch ligand, Jagged-1, is bound to the surface using an affinity immobilization technique. The hPDLSC cultured on a Jagged-1-modified surface had increased expression of Notch signaling target genes, Hes-1 and Hey-1, confirming the activity and potency of surface-bound Jagged-1. Further, hPDLSC on surface-bound Jagged-1 under serum-free conditions showed multiple long and thin neurite-like extensions, and an increase in the expression of neurogenic mRNA markers was observed. Pretreatment of the cells with γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, before seeding on the Jagged-1-modified surface blocked development of the neurite-like morphology. Together, the results in this study suggest the involvement of Notch signaling in neurogenic commitment of hPDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaphum Osathanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Human adipose tissue stem cells: relevance in the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic diseases and therapeutic applications. Expert Rev Mol Med 2012; 14:e19. [PMID: 23302474 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2012.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are unique cells exhibiting self-renewing properties and the potential to differentiate into multiple specialised cell types. Totipotent or pluripotent stem cells are generally abundant in embryonic or fetal tissues, but the use of discarded embryos as sources of these cells raises challenging ethical problems. Adult stem cells can also differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. In particular, adult adipose tissue contains a pool of abundant and accessible multipotent stem cells, designated as adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), that are able to replicate as undifferentiated cells, to develop as mature adipocytes and to differentiate into multiple other cell types along the mesenchymal lineage, including chondrocytes, myocytes and osteocytes, and also into cells of endodermal and neuroectodermal origin, including beta-cells and neurons, respectively. An impairment in the differentiation potential and biological functions of ASCs may contribute to the development of obesity and related comorbidities. In this review, we summarise different aspects of the ASCs with special reference to the isolation and characterisation of these cell populations, their relation to the biochemical features of the adipose tissue depot of origin and to the metabolic characteristics of the donor subject and discuss some prospective therapeutic applications.
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21
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2012; 17:688-99. [PMID: 23147911 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32835af316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Neurogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells: relevance of different signaling molecules, transcription factors, and key marker genes. Gene 2012; 511:427-36. [PMID: 23000064 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since numerous diseases affect the central nervous system and it has limited self-repair capability, a great interest in using stem cells as an alternative cell source is generated. Previous reports have shown the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells in neuron-like cells and it has also been proved that the expression pattern of patterning, proneural, and neural factors, such as Pax6, Mash1, Ngn2, NeuroD1, Tbr2 and Tbr1, regulates and defines adult neurogenesis. Regarding this, we hypothesize that a functional parallelism between adult neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells exists. In this study we differentiate human adipose-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells and analyze the expression pattern of different patterning, proneural, neural and neurotransmitter genes, before and after neuronal differentiation. The neuron-like cells expressed neuronal markers, patterning and proneural factors characteristics of intermediate stages of neuronal differentiation. Thus we demonstrated that it is possible to differentiate adipose-derived stem cells in vitro into immature neuron-like cells and that this process is regulated in a similar way to adult neurogenesis. This may contribute to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in neuronal differentiation of adult human non-neural cells, in aid of the development of potential therapeutic tools for diseases of the nervous system.
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ZHAO PC, LV YG, ZOU Y, ZHANG XM, CHEN GB, YANG L. Research Advancement on Injured Peripheral Nerve Regeneration by Stem Cells Combined With Electrical Stimulation*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Stability of neural differentiation in human adipose derived stem cells by two induction protocols. Tissue Cell 2011; 44:87-94. [PMID: 22178208 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There are some evidences for suggesting that adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be differentiated to the fate of neural cell type. ADSCs can be expanded rapidly in vitro and can be obtained by a less invasive method. In this study, we attempted to compare the stability of neural differentiation in human ADSCs by using two induction protocols. Isolated ADSCs were induced into neural-like cells using diverse effects of two specific procedures. For protocol 1, ADSCs were induced by chemical induction. In protocol 2, ADSCs were treated for sphere formation. Then, the singled cells were cultured in neurobasal media supplemented with special components. Differentiated ADSCs were evaluated for Nestin, MAP2 and GFAP expression by immunocytochemistry and semi quantitative RT-PCR techniques. Moreover, MTT assay was employed to detect cell viability and proliferation. Immunocytochemical analysis of both protocols demonstrated that ADSCs had large expression of the neural-specific markers. In RT-PCR, protocol 1 showed the highest percentage of MAP2 expression, but with time passing, the neural like state was reversible. Protocol 2 found with express of Nestin at week 1, however MAP2 and GFAP expression increased after 3 weeks. The neural-like cells produced by protocol 1 led to the further cell death. Comparative analysis showed that neural-like cell differentiation of ADSCs in chemical induction protocol was rapid but transitory, while it was approximately steady in neurosphere formation protocol.
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