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Makowska K, Lech P, Gonkowski S. Bisphenol A Effects on Neurons' Neurochemical Character in the Urinary Bladder Intramural Ganglia of Domestic Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16792. [PMID: 38069115 PMCID: PMC10706807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a substance globally used to produce plastics, is part of many everyday items, including bottles, food containers, electronic elements, and others. It may penetrate the environment and living organisms, negatively affecting, among others, the nervous, immune, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems. Knowledge of the impact of BPA on the urinary bladder is extremely scarce. This study investigated the influence of two doses of BPA (0.05 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day and 0.5 mg/kg b.w./day) given orally for 28 days on the neurons situated in the ganglia located in the urinary bladder trigone using the typical double immunofluorescence method. In the study, an increase in the percentage of neurons containing substance P (SP), galanin (GAL), a neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS-used as the marker of nitrergic neurons), and/or cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide was noted after BPA administration. The severity of these changes depended on the dose of BPA and the type of neuronal factors studied. The most visible changes were noted in the cases of SP- and/or GAL-positive neurons after administering a higher dose of BPA. The results have shown that oral exposure to BPA, lasting even for a short time, affects the intramural neurons in the urinary bladder wall, and changes in the neurochemical characterisation of these neurons may be the first signs of BPA-induced pathological processes in this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Makowska
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Lech
- Agri Plus sp. Z o.o., Marcelinska Street 92, 60-324 Pozan, Poland
| | - Sławomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
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2
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Barbe MF, Testa CL, Cruz GE, Frara NA, Tiwari E, Hobson LJ, McIntyre BS, Porreca DS, Giaddui D, Braverman AS, Day EP, Amin M, Brown JM, Mazzei M, Pontari MA, Wagner IJ, Ruggieri MR. Nerve transfer for restoration of lower motor neuron-lesioned bladder function. Part 2: correlation between histological changes and nerve evoked contractions. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R897-R915. [PMID: 33759573 PMCID: PMC8285612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00300.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We determined the effect of pelvic organ decentralization and reinnervation 1 yr later on urinary bladder histology and function. Nineteen canines underwent decentralization by bilateral transection of all coccygeal and sacral (S) spinal roots, dorsal roots of lumbar (L)7, and hypogastric nerves. After exclusions, eight were reinnervated 12 mo postdecentralization with obturator-to-pelvic and sciatic-to-pudendal nerve transfers, then euthanized 8-12 mo later. Four served as long-term decentralized only animals. Before euthanasia, pelvic or transferred nerves and L1–S3 spinal roots were stimulated and maximum detrusor pressure (MDP) recorded. Bladder specimens were collected for histological and ex vivo smooth muscle contractility studies. Both reinnervated and decentralized animals showed less or denuded urothelium, fewer intramural ganglia, and more inflammation and collagen, than controls, although percent muscle was maintained. In reinnervated animals, pgp9.5+ axon density was higher compared with decentralized animals. Ex vivo smooth muscle contractions in response to KCl correlated positively with submucosal inflammation, detrusor muscle thickness, and pgp9.5+ axon density. In vivo, reinnervated animals showed higher MDP after stimulation of L1–L6 roots compared with their transected L7–S3 roots, and reinnervated and decentralized animals showed lower MDP than controls after stimulation of nerves (due likely to fibrotic nerve encapsulation). MDP correlated negatively with detrusor collagen and inflammation, and positively with pgp9.5+ axon density and intramural ganglia numbers. These results demonstrate that bladder function can be improved by transfer of obturator nerves to pelvic nerves at 1 yr after decentralization, although the fibrosis and inflammation that developed were associated with decreased contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Courtney L Testa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Geneva E Cruz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nagat A Frara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ekta Tiwari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lucas J Hobson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian S McIntyre
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Danielle S Porreca
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dania Giaddui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan S Braverman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily P Day
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mamta Amin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Justin M Brown
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Mazzei
- Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michel A Pontari
- Department of Urology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ida J Wagner
- Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael R Ruggieri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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3
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Groh AMR, Lamont J, de Oliveira C, Fanous J, Rajakumar N, Power NE, Beveridge TS. Characterizing the autonomic neural connections between the abdominal aortic and superior hypogastric plexuses: A multimodal neuroanatomical study. Auton Neurosci 2021; 232:102785. [PMID: 33610007 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aortic plexus serves as the primary gateway for sympathetic fibers innervating the pelvic viscera. Damage to this plexus and/or its associated branches can lead to an assortment of neurogenic complications such as bladder dysregulation or retrograde ejaculation. The neuroanatomy of this autonomic plexus has only recently been clarified in humans; as such, the precise function of its constituent fibers is still not clear. Further study into the functional neuroanatomy of the aortic plexus could help refine nerve-sparing surgical procedures that risk debilitating neurogenic complications, while also advancing understanding of peripheral sympathetic circuitry. To this end, the current study employed an in vivo electrostimulation paradigm in a porcine model, in combination with lipophilic neuronal tracing experiments in fixed, post-mortem human tissues, to further characterize the functional neuroanatomy of the aortic plexus. Electrostimulation results demonstrated that caudal lumbar splanchnic nerves provide primary control over the porcine bladder neck in comparison to other constituent fibers within the aortic plexus. Ex vivo human data revealed that the prehypogastric ganglion contains a significant number of neurons projecting to the superior hypogastric plexus, and that these neurons are arranged in a topographic manner within the ganglion. Altogether, these findings suggest that a pivotal sympathetic pathway mediating bladder neck contraction courses through the caudal lumbar splanchnic nerves, prehypogastric and inferior mesenteric ganglia and superior hypogastric plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M R Groh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Lamont
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cleusa de Oliveira
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob Fanous
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nagalingam Rajakumar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas E Power
- Department of Surgery, Urology Division, Department of Oncology, Surgical Oncology Division, London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler S Beveridge
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Mikołajczyk A, Kozłowska A, Gonkowski S. Distribution and Neurochemistry of the Porcine Ileocaecal Valve Projecting Sensory Neurons in the Dorsal Root Ganglia and the Influence of Lipopolysaccharide from Different Serotypes of Salmonella spp. on the Chemical Coding of DRG Neurons in the Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092551. [PMID: 30154361 PMCID: PMC6163640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ileocecal valve (ICV)—a sphincter muscle between small and large intestine—plays important roles in the physiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but many aspects connected with the innervation of the ICV remain unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the localization and neurochemical characterization of neurons located in the dorsal root ganglia and supplying the ICV of the domestic pig. The results have shown that such neurons mainly located in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of thoracic and lumbar neuromers show the presence of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and galanin (GAL). The second part of the experiment consisted of a study on the influence of a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella serotypes Enteritidis Minnesota and Typhimurium on DRG neurons. It has been shown that the LPS of these serotypes in studied doses does not change the number of DRG neurons in the cell cultures, but influences the immunoreactivity to SP and GAL. The observed changes in neurochemical characterization depend on the bacterial serotype. The results show that DRG neurons take part in the innervation of the ICV and may change their neurochemical characterization under the impact of LPS, which is probably connected with direct actions of this substance on the nervous tissue and/or its pro-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mikołajczyk
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30 Str., 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30 Str., 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13 Str., 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Kozłowska A, Mikołajczyk A, Majewski M. Neurochemical difference between somato- and viscero-projecting sensory neurons in the pig. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 94:8-20. [PMID: 30098395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The chemical coding of porcine somato (skin)- and viscero (urinary bladder)-projecting sensory neurons have been studied and compared using immunohistochemistry. Cell bodies of skin and bladder afferents were identified following Fast Blue injections into the skin of the hind leg as well as into wall of the urinary bladder, respectively. Immunohistochemistry revealed that small and medium-sized neurons projecting to both skin and bladder contained all of the studied substances i.e. substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related pepide (CGRP), transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1), lectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia - Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (IB4) and galanin (GAL). Moreover, small-sized sensory neurons projecting to the bladder and skin of hind leg showed predominantly immunoreactivity to SP and TRPV1 and CGRP, as well as to CGRP and TRPV1 and IB4. It is worth stressing that the subset of sensory neurons innervating the skin exhibited these substances more often than bladder-projecting neurons. In addition, medium-sized skin-projecting neurons contained SP/GAL; SP/CGRP and CGRP/IB4 much more often than their bladder counterparts. On the other hand, small-sized perikarya that innervate the skin were less frequently expressed TRPV1, CGRP and GAL than the bladder-projecting neurons. In conclusion, the present report describes, for the first time, significant differences in the chemical coding between somato- and viscero-projecting sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia. Moreover, these results provide morphological basis for further functional studies, which may explain the exact roles played by various subpopulations of somato- and viscero-projecting sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anita Mikołajczyk
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Majewski
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn, Poland.
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Groh AM, Moore CW, El-Warrak A, Seager SW, Power NE, Allman BL, Beveridge TS. Electroejaculation functions primarily by direct activation of pelvic musculature: Perspectives from a porcine model. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Kozłowska A, Mikołajczyk A, Majewski M. Distribution and neurochemistry of porcine urinary bladder-projecting sensory neurons in subdomains of the dorsal root ganglia: A quantitative analysis. Ann Anat 2017; 216:36-51. [PMID: 29169841 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study has been to verify the inter- and intraganglionic distribution pattern of porcine urinary bladder-projecting (UBP) neurons localized in the sacral dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). The morphology and chemical phenotype of these cells have also been investigated. These neurons were visualized using the fluorescent tracer Fast Blue (FB) which was injected bilaterally into the urinary bladder wall of five juvenile female pigs. The intraganglionic distribution showed that small- and medium-sized FB+ perikarya were mainly located in the central (S3-S4) and periphero-central (S2) region of the ganglia, while large cells were heterogeneously distributed. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the most frequently observed markers in small and medium-sized UBP perikarya were: neurofilament 200, lectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia (Griffonia simplicifolia) isolectin B4, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1. Moreover, UBP neurons containing these substances were also mainly observed in the central and periphero-central region of the ganglion. Differences in the percentage of traced cells and their neuropeptide content were observed between the S2, S3 and S4 DRGs. In conclusion, the present study, for the first time, describes the arrangement of UBP DRGs neurons within particular subdomains of sacral ganglia, taking into account their size and chemical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicicum, University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anita Mikołajczyk
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicicum, University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mariusz Majewski
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicicum, University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn, Poland
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Zacharko-Siembida A, Matysek M, Szalak R, Arciszewski MB. An Immunohistochemical Study of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (Cart) Expression in the Pterygopalatine Ganglion of the Pig. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/acve-2017-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Although, a great effort has been made to understand the synthesis, regulation, processing and function of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide at the central level, its peripheral function(s) are still obscure. Moreover, scarce studies describing the presence of CART in peripheral autonomic ganglia are mainly limited to laboratory rodents. Thus, the aim of the present study was to immunohistochemically investigate the expression of CART in Hu C/D-positive neurons of the porcine pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG). The distribution pattern of CART-IR nerve elements in PPG has been also assessed. The co-localization of CART with substance P (SP), galanin or somatostatin was studied by means of double immunohistochemical stainings. The presence of Hu C/D-positive/CART-positive neurons was detected both in the left and right PPG (4.7±1.2% and 5.2% ± 1.4%, respectively). The CARTimmunoreactive (IR) neurons were categorized as either middle (ca. 80%) or small (ca. 20%) in size. Moderate numbers of CART-IR boutons were also detected between CART-negative ganglionic neurons. CART-IR basket-like formations around PPG neurons were regularly observed. Virtually all CART-IR neurons additionally co-stored VIP, whereas none of the CART-expressing cells showed the presence of galanin, SP or somatostatin. CART-IR basket-like formations exclusively encircled VIP-IR PPG neurons. Thus, CART-IR nerve cells seem to constitute a relatively small homologous population of the porcine PPG neurons with largely unknown functions. Further functional studies aiming at whether CART-IR neurons could serve as interneurons are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zacharko-Siembida
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Matysek
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin , Poland
| | - Radosław Szalak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin , Poland
| | - Marcin B. Arciszewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin , Poland
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