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Daei Sorkhabi A, Komijani E, Sarkesh A, Ghaderi Shadbad P, Aghebati-Maleki A, Aghebati-Maleki L. Advances in immune checkpoint-based immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: rationale and practice. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:321. [PMID: 37946301 PMCID: PMC10634124 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the encouraging results and broad clinical applicability of immune checkpoint (ICP) inhibitors in cancer therapy, ICP-based immunotherapies in the context of autoimmune disease, particularly multiple sclerosis (MS), have garnered considerable attention and hold great potential for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Given the well-established immunoregulatory role of ICPs in maintaining a balance between stimulatory and inhibitory signaling pathways to promote immune tolerance to self-antigens, a dysregulated expression pattern of ICPs has been observed in a significant proportion of patients with MS and its animal model called experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is associated with autoreactivity towards myelin and neurodegeneration. Consequently, there is a rationale for developing immunotherapeutic strategies to induce inhibitory ICPs while suppressing stimulatory ICPs, including engineering immune cells to overexpress ligands for inhibitory ICP receptors, such as program death-1 (PD-1), or designing fusion proteins, namely abatacept, to bind and inhibit the co-stimulatory pathways involved in overactivated T-cell mediated autoimmunity, and other strategies that will be discussed in-depth in the current review. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Daei Sorkhabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Erfan Komijani
- Department of Veterinary, Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aila Sarkesh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pedram Ghaderi Shadbad
- Department of Veterinary, Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Interleukin-31 and soluble CD40L: new candidate serum biomarkers that predict therapeutic response in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6271-6278. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Impact of CD40 gene polymorphisms on the risk of immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Gene 2020; 736:144419. [PMID: 32018016 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CD40 gene (rs1883832 C/T and rs4810485 G/T) and the risk of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in the Egyptian population. METHODS A case-control study was conducted retrospectively on 101 cases with ITP and 97 healthy subjects. Two SNPs of CD40 gene (rs1883832 C/T and rs4810485 G/T) were genotyped via Taqman allele discrimination real-time PCR. The frequencies of different genetic models of both SNPs were calculated and compared between ITP cases and controls. Linkage analysis was performed between the studied SNPs. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were assessed using multinomial logistic regression analysis to determine the association of CD40 gene SNPs genotypes, alleles, and haplotypes with the risk of ITP. The odds ratio was further adjusted to the confounders for risk stratification. RESULTS CD40 (rs1883832) TT genotype carriers have a significantly higher risk of ITP when compared to CC genotype carriers (adjusted OR: 3.792, 95%CI: 1.252-11.49, P = 0.018). T allele also represents 1.711-fold increased risk of ITP which is more evident in males (P = 0.016). No significant difference was observed in the frequency of CD40 (rs4810485 G/T) genetic models between cases and controls. Linkage disequilibrium was found between the two SNPs and revealed four main haplotypes (C-G; C-T; T-G; T-T) with a significantly higher frequency of T-G haplotype in ITP cases than in healthy controls which confers an increased risk of ITP development (OR: 2.349, 95%CI: 1.271-4.339, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS CD40 gene SNP rs1883832 is associated with an increased risk of ITP development in the Egyptian population, while the SNP rs4810485 has no association. Moreover, T-G haplotype is a risk genetic model for ITP.
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Shi Z, Feng L, Lian Z, Liu J, Chen H, Du Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Yang M, Zhou H. Decreased mRNA Expressions of CD40L in Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:610-617. [PMID: 31925706 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease that preferentially affects central nerve system. Herein, we evaluated changes of CD40L and CD40 mRNA expressions in NMOSD and controls to explore their potential roles in development of NMOSD. The expressions of CD40L and CD40 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with NMOSD and healthy controls were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare expression levels of CD40L and CD40 mRNA between groups, and Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate correlation between mRNA expression levels and annual relapse rate (ARR) of NMOSD. A total of 71 patients with NMOSD and 42 gender- and age-matched healthy volunteers were recruited in our study. Compared with healthy controls, expression of CD40L mRNA was significantly decreased in untreated patients with NMOSD, and similar trends were observed also in CD40 mRNA expression although the difference was not significant. Other than that, immunosuppressants not only successfully increased CD40L and CD40 mRNA levels during remission of NMOSD, but also corrected the negative correlation between CD40L mRNA expression and annual relapse rate (ARR) of patients NMOSD. These results favored the long-term prognosis of NMOSD patients. Our results suggest that decreased expressions of CD40L mRNA may be involved in developing of NMOSD and the proper CD40L mRNA levels benefit to prevent attacks of NMOSD. Nevertheless, the relationship between protein and mRNA expressions of CD40L and their underlying roles in the pathogenesis of NMOSD remains to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Shi
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyun Lian
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxi Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Translational Centre for Oncoimmunology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and research Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, No.55 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610000, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Analysis of Genetic Variation in CD40 and CD40L: Relationship with mRNA Relative Expression and Soluble Proteins in Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8063983. [PMID: 31183392 PMCID: PMC6515173 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8063983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can be triggered by the presence of inflammatory factors which promote the activation of immune cells by costimulatory molecules such as CD40 and its ligand CD40L. Environmental and genetic factors are involved in the etiology of the ACS. The aim of this study was to explore the gene and protein expression associated with CD40 and CD40L genetic variants in ACS patients from the western Mexican population. A total of 620 individuals from western Mexico were recruited: 320 ACS patients and 300 individuals without a history of ischemic cardiopathy were evaluated. The genotype was determined using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. CD40 and CD40L expressions at the mRNA level were quantified using TaqMan Gene Expression Assays. Soluble protein isoforms were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We did not find evidence of association between CD40 (rs1883832, rs4810485, and rs11086998) and CD40L (rs3092952 and rs3092920) genetic variants and susceptibility to ACS, although rs1883832 and rs4810485 were significantly associated with high sCD40 plasma levels. Plasma levels of sCD40L can be affected by gender and the clinical spectrum of acute coronary syndrome. Our results do not suggest a functional role of CD40 and CD40L genetic variants in ACS. However, they could reflect the inflammatory process and platelet activation in ACS patients, even when they are under pharmacological therapy. Due to the important roles of the CD40-CD40L system in the pathogenesis of ACS, longitudinal studies are required to determine if soluble levels of CD40 and CD40L could be clinically useful markers of a recurrent cardiovascular event after an ACS.
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Karnell JL, Rieder SA, Ettinger R, Kolbeck R. Targeting the CD40-CD40L pathway in autoimmune diseases: Humoral immunity and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 141:92-103. [PMID: 30552917 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD40 is a TNF receptor superfamily member expressed on both immune and non-immune cells. Interactions between B cell-expressed CD40 and its binding partner, CD40L, predominantly expressed on activated CD4+ T cells, play a critical role in promoting germinal center formation and the production of class-switched antibodies. Non-hematopoietic cells expressing CD40 can also engage CD40L and trigger a pro-inflammatory response. This article will highlight what is known about the biology of the CD40-CD40L axis in humans and describe the potential contribution of CD40 signaling on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells to autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Additionally, novel therapeutic approaches to target this pathway, currently being evaluated in clinical trials, are discussed.
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The CD40 rs1883832 Polymorphism Affects Sepsis Susceptibility and sCD40L Levels. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7497314. [PMID: 29780830 PMCID: PMC5892284 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7497314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe and progressive disease characterized by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). CD40 serves as a vital link between immune response and inflammation. This study was designed to investigate the potential association between a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of CD40 (rs1883832) and susceptibility to sepsis. We first performed a case-control study to explore the relationship between the CD40 rs1883832 polymorphism and sepsis. CD40 mRNA expression and protein expression were determined by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from sepsis patients and healthy controls. The plasma sCD40L levels in the two groups were measured by ELISA. The results showed that the frequencies of the TT genotype and the CD40 rs1883832 T allele were significantly higher in sepsis patients than in healthy controls. Plasma sCD40L levels were also significantly increased in sepsis patients. In addition, TT genotype carriers among sepsis patients displayed the highest CD40 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, accompanied by the highest plasma sCD40L concentrations. In conclusion, the CD40 rs1883832 T allele acts as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to sepsis and may be involved in the process of sepsis through regulation of CD40 expression and plasma sCD40L levels.
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de J. Guerrero-García J, Rojas-Mayorquín AE, Valle Y, Padilla-Gutiérrez JR, Castañeda-Moreno VA, Mireles-Ramírez MA, Muñoz-Valle JF, Ortuño-Sahagún D. Decreased serum levels of sCD40L and IL-31 correlate in treated patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Immunobiology 2018; 223:135-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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9
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Huang HT, Guo J, Xiang Y, Chen JM, Luo HC, Meng LQ, Wei YS. A SNP in 5' untranslated region of CD40 gene is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese population: a case-control study. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:442-449. [PMID: 28590502 PMCID: PMC5488461 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), the receptor for CD154, is a member of the
tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. Several studies have been conducted
to investigate the effect of the CD40 rs1883832 polymorphism on atherosclerotic
disease in different population; however, inconsistent results were obtained. In this
study, we investigated the association of four polymorphisms (rs1883832, rs13040307,
rs752118 and rs3765459) of CD40 gene and their effect on CD40 expression with the
risk of ischemic stroke (IS) in a Chinese population. Three hundred and eighty
patients with IS and 450 control subjects were included in the study. The CD40
polymorphisms were discriminated by Snapshot SNP genotyping assay. Serum soluble CD40
(sCD40) levels were detected by ELISA. We found that the rs1883832CT and rs1883832TT
genotypes were associated with an increased risk of IS compared with the rs1883832CC
genotype (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.03–1.95, p = 0.030 and OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.29–2.82,
P = 0.001, respectively), and the rs1883832T allele was
associated with a significantly increased risk of IS compared with rs1883832C allele
(OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.15–1.70, P = 0.001). Elevated serum sCD40
levels were observed in patients with IS compared with the control gropu
(P < 0.01). Individuals carrying the rs1883832TT or
rs1883832CT genotypes showed significantly higher sCD40 levels compared with the
rs1883832CC genotype in the IS group [(64.8 ± 25.4 pg/mL, TT = 94); (63.9 ± 24.3
pg/mL, CT = 185) vs (53.3 ± 22.5 pg/mL, CC = 101), P < 0.01]. The
TCCA haplotype was associated with an increased risk of IS compared with the control
group (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.23–3.58, p = 0.005). However, we did not find a
significant association between the other three polymorphisms and IS risk. In
conclusion, after a comprehensive comparison with other studies, we confirmed that
the rs1883832T allele but not the rs1883832C allele is associated with an increased
risk of IS. The rs1883832 polymorphism may exert influences on abnormal CD40
expression in IS patients among the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tuo Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian-Ming Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong-Cheng Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Lan-Qing Meng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Ye-Sheng Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
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Lee HJ, Lombardi A, Stefan M, Li CW, Inabnet WB, Owen RP, Concepcion E, Tomer Y. CD40 Signaling in Graves Disease Is Mediated Through Canonical and Noncanonical Thyroidal Nuclear Factor κB Activation. Endocrinology 2017; 158:410-418. [PMID: 27929668 PMCID: PMC5413074 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD40, a tumor necrosis factor receptor, is a major immune-modulating susceptibility gene for Graves disease (GD) as well as for a variety of other autoimmune diseases. Its broad association with autoimmunity underscores its paramount role in the development of a normal adaptive immune response, primarily in coordinating effective antigen presentation. The molecular pathways by which CD40 activation in the thyroid induces GD are unknown. In this study, we investigated whether NF-κB, a ubiquitious family of transcription factors, mediates the downstream effects of thyroid-specific CD40 activation. Cultured primary human thyrocytes, from patients with and without GD, underwent CD40 stimulation. Once stimulated, cytokines and transcription factors specific for either the canonical nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)1 pathway [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α], which primarily recruits cells for innate immunity, or the noncanonical NF-κB2 pathway [B cell-activating factor of the TNF family, CC chemokine ligand (CCL)21], which directs B cell viability, were analyzed. Significant upregulation in the messenger RNA and protein levels of both canonical and noncanonical pathway cytokines was observed. Western blot analyses of the specific transcription factors for the NF-κB1 and NF-κB2 pathways (p65 and p100/p52, respectively) demonstrated that p65 is constitutively expressed. In contrast, CD40 stimulation robustly increased the expression of the NF-κB2 p52 transcription factor, and the upregulation was significantly more profound in the GD tissue than in the normal thyroid tissue. Our data show that CD40 activity in thyrocytes is prominently mediated via NF-κB and furthermore suggest that the NF-κB1 and NF-κB2 pathways both contribute to the triggering and the progression of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Mihaela Stefan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Cheuk wun Li
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - William B. Inabnet
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and
| | - Randall P. Owen
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and
| | - Erlinda Concepcion
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Yaron Tomer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461
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Chen D, Ireland SJ, Remington G, Alvarez E, Racke MK, Greenberg B, Frohman EM, Monson NL. CD40-Mediated NF-κB Activation in B Cells Is Increased in Multiple Sclerosis and Modulated by Therapeutics. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:4257-4265. [PMID: 27798157 PMCID: PMC5312703 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD40 interacts with CD40L and plays an essential role in immune regulation and homeostasis. Recent research findings, however, support a pathogenic role of CD40 in a number of autoimmune diseases. We previously showed that memory B cells from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients exhibited enhanced proliferation with CD40 stimulation compared with healthy donors. In this study, we used a multiparameter phosflow approach to analyze the phosphorylation status of NF-κB and three major MAPKs (P38, ERK, and JNK), the essential components of signaling pathways downstream of CD40 engagement in B cells from MS patients. We found that memory and naive B cells from RRMS and secondary progressive MS patients exhibited a significantly elevated level of phosphorylated NF-κB (p-P65) following CD40 stimulation compared with healthy donor controls. Combination therapy with IFN-β-1a (Avonex) and mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept) modulated the hyperphosphorylation of P65 in B cells of RRMS patients at levels similar to healthy donor controls. Lower disease activity after the combination therapy correlated with the reduced phosphorylation of P65 following CD40 stimulation in treated patients. Additionally, glatiramer acetate treatment also significantly reduced CD40-mediated P65 phosphorylation in RRMS patients, suggesting that reducing CD40-mediated p-P65 induction may be a general mechanism by which some current therapies modulate MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Sara J Ireland
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Gina Remington
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Enrique Alvarez
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Michael K Racke
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Benjamin Greenberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Elliot M Frohman
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390;
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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Panach L, Pineda B, Mifsut D, Tarín JJ, Cano A, García-Pérez MÁ. The role of CD40 and CD40L in bone mineral density and in osteoporosis risk: A genetic and functional study. Bone 2016; 83:94-103. [PMID: 26545336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Compelling data are revealing that the CD40/CD40L system is involved in bone metabolism. Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that polymorphisms in both genes are associated with bone phenotypes. The aim of this study is to further characterize this association and to identify the causal functional mechanism. We conducted an association study of BMD with 15 SNPs in CD40/CD40L genes in a population of 779 women. In addition, we assessed the functionality of this association through the study of the allele-dependent expression of CD40 and CD40L in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and in human osteoblasts (OBs) obtained from bone explants by qPCR and by sequencing. When an allelic imbalance (AI) was detected, studies on allele-dependent in vitro transcription rate and on CpG methylation in the gene promoter were also performed. Our results confirm the genetic association between SNP rs116535 (T>C) of CD40L gene with LS-BMD. Regarding CD40 gene, two SNPs showed nominal P-values<0.05 for FN- and LS-BMD (Z-scores), although the association was not significant after correcting for multiple testing. Homozygous TT women for SNP rs1883832 (C>T) of CD40 gene showed a trend to have lower levels of OPG (Q-value=0.059), especially when women of BMD-quartile ends were selected (P<0.05). Regarding functionality, we detected an AI for rs1883832 with the C allele the most expressed in OBs and in PBLs. Since the rs116535 of CD40L gene did not show AI, it was not further analyzed. Finally, we described a differential methylation of CpGs in the CD40 promoter among women of high in comparison to low BMD. Our results suggest that the CD40/CD40L system plays a role in regulating BMD. Effectively, our data suggest that a decreased production of OPG could be the cause of the lower BMD observed in TT women for rs1883832 of the CD40 gene and that the degree of methylation of CpGs in the CD40 promoter could contribute to the acquisition of BMD. One possibility that deserves further study is whether the degree of methylation of the CD40 gene affects the level of CD40 expression and, consequently, the level of OPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Panach
- Research Foundation, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Pineda
- Research Foundation, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Damián Mifsut
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinic Hospital, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Tarín
- Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Pérez
- Research Foundation, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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