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Kalra S, Sachdeva H, Bhushan Pant A, Singh G. Acorus calamus Linn.: A novel neuroprotective approach for traumatic brain injury in Drosophila melanogaster. Brain Res 2024; 1836:148953. [PMID: 38643931 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes substantial mortality and morbidity globally. Current treatments only alleviate symptoms and do not halt secondary injury progression. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the neuroprotective potential of Acorus calamus Linn. (AC) in a Drosophila melanogaster model of high-impact TBI. METHODS Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) of the Oregon R + strain were administered hydroalcoholic extracts of Acorus calamus Linn. (HAEAC) at concentrations of 25 and 50 µg/mL, 24 h and continuously for 72 h, respectively, following TBI induction. Mortality rate, locomotor function, neurotransmitter levels, and oxidative stress markers were assessed at 24 and 72 h post-injury as outcomemeasures. RESULTS AC significantly reduced post-TBI mortality and improved locomotor function in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, AC increased acetylcholinesterase, gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, and dopamine levels while reducing glutamate. It also boosted antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase) and lowered markers of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde, nitrite). CONCLUSIONS AC mitigated behavioral deficits, oxidative damage, and neurotransmitter imbalance in fruit flies after TBI. These findings indicate AC may be more effective than individual drugs for TBI therapy. Further research into its neuroprotective phytochemicals is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunishtha Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
| | - Himanshu Sachdeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
| | - Aditya Bhushan Pant
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India.
| | - Govind Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
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Ling Y, Ramalingam M, Lv X, Niu D, Zeng Y, Qiu Y, Si Y, Guo T, Ni Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Kim HW, Hu J. Human neural stem cell secretome relieves endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and improves neuronal functions after traumatic brain injury in a rat model. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:329-348. [PMID: 38609527 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Neural stem cell secretome (NSC-S) plays an important role in neuroprotection and recovery. Studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) is involved in the progression of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is a crucial cause of secondary damage and neuronal death after brain injury. Whether NSC-S is engaged in ER stress and ER stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis post-TBI has not been investigated. In the study, the Feeney SD male rat model was established. The results showed that NSC-S treatment significantly improved the behavior of rats with TBI. In addition, NSC-S relieved ER stress in TBI rats and was observed by transmission electron microscopy and western blot. The specific mechanism was further elucidated that restoration was achieved by alleviating the PERK-eIF2α pathway and thus protecting neurons from apoptosis. Notably, the discovery of calumenin (CALU) in NSC-S by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS/MS) may be related to the protective effect of NSC-S on ER stress in neurons. Also, the mechanism by which it functions may be related to ubiquitination. In summary, NSC-S improved prognosis and ER stress in TBI rats and might be a promising treatment for relieving TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Ling
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xiaorui Lv
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongdong Niu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Qiu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Si
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinying Ni
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Health Clinical Laboratories, Health BioMed Co., Ltd. Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315042, China
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jiabo Hu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Palamarchuk IS, Slavich GM, Vaillancourt T, Rajji TK. Stress-related cellular pathophysiology as a crosstalk risk factor for neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:65. [PMID: 38087196 PMCID: PMC10714507 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, we examine biological processes linking psychological stress and cognition, with a focus on how psychological stress can activate multiple neurobiological mechanisms that drive cognitive decline and behavioral change. First, we describe the general neurobiology of the stress response to define neurocognitive stress reactivity. Second, we review aspects of epigenetic regulation, synaptic transmission, sex hormones, photoperiodic plasticity, and psychoneuroimmunological processes that can contribute to cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric conditions. Third, we explain mechanistic processes linking the stress response and neuropathology. Fourth, we discuss molecular nuances such as an interplay between kinases and proteins, as well as differential role of sex hormones, that can increase vulnerability to cognitive and emotional dysregulation following stress. Finally, we explicate several testable hypotheses for stress, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric research. Together, this work highlights how stress processes alter neurophysiology on multiple levels to increase individuals' risk for neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders, and points toward novel therapeutic targets for mitigating these effects. The resulting models can thus advance dementia and mental health research, and translational neuroscience, with an eye toward clinical application in cognitive and behavioral neurology, and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna S Palamarchuk
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J1H4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Division of Neurology, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yidian W, Jihe K, Xudong G, Daxue Z, Mingqiang L, Xuewen K. N-Acetylserotonin Protects Rat Nucleus Pulposus Cells Against Oxidative Stress Injury by Activating the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. World Neurosurg 2023; 176:e109-e124. [PMID: 37169069 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current studies suggest that the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is related to oxidative stress damage in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). N-acetylserotonin (NAS) is an effective scavenger of reactive oxygen species, but its role in IDD and its underlying mechanisms are not yet clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NAS on oxidative stress injury in NPCs and its mechanism. METHODS NP tissue of rat intervertebral disc was collected and NPCs were isolated. NPCs were treated with H2O2 to simulate the state of oxidative stress. The effects of NAS on cell viability, apoptosis, senescence, extracellular matrix (ECM), redox status and PI3K/AKT signal pathway were evaluated by cell counting kit-8, western blot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and SA-β-gal staining. Finally, the changes of the above indexes were further observed after the inhibition of PI3K pathway by LY294002. RESULTS Flow cytometry showed that NAS reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis of NPCs. SA-β-Gal staining showed that H2O2-induced senescence of NP cells was reversed by NAS. Immunofluorescence staining showed that NAS inhibited H2O2-induced ECM degradation. Western blotting analysis revealed that NAS significantly decreased apoptosis, senescence and ECM degradation. Further analysis showed that NAS treatment activated the PI3K/AKT pathway in H2O2-stimulated NPCs. However, these protected effects were inhibited after LY294002 treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that NAS inhibits H2O2-induced NPCs degeneration by activating PI3K/AKT pathway, suggesting that NAS has the potential to treat IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yidian
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China; Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Jihe
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Guo Xudong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Zhu Daxue
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Liu Mingqiang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Kang Xuewen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China; The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for The Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.
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5
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Ling Y, Ramalingam M, Lv X, Zeng Y, Qiu Y, Si Y, Pedraz JL, Kim HW, Hu J. Recent Advances in Nanomedicine Development for Traumatic Brain Injury. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102087. [PMID: 37060747 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and it is also a risk factor for neurodegeneration. However, there has not been perceptible progress in treating acute TBI over the last few years, mainly due to the inability of therapeutic drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), failing to exert significant pharmacological effects on the brain parenchyma. Recently, nanomedicines are emerging as a powerful tool for the treatment of TBI where nanoscale materials (also called nanomaterials) are employed to deliver therapeutic agents. The advantages of using nanomaterials as a drug carrier include their high solubility and stability, high carrier capacity, site-specific, improved pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. Keeping these points in consideration, this article reviews the pathophysiology, current treatment options, and emerging nanomedicine strategies for the treatment of TBI. The review will help readers to gain insight into the state-of-the-art of nanomedicine as a new tool for the treatment of TBI.
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Kang JH, Guo XD, Wang YD, Kang XW. Neuroprotective Effects of N-acetylserotonin and Its Derivative. Neuroscience 2023; 517:18-25. [PMID: 36893983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylserotonin (NAS) is a chemical intermediate in melatonin biosynthesis. NAS and its derivative N-(2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl)-2-oxopiperidine-3-carboxamide (HIOC) are potential therapeutic agents for traumatic brain injury, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and other diseases. Evidence shows that NAS and its derivative HIOC have neuroprotective properties, and can exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, regulating autophagy dysfunction, and anti-inflammatory. In this review, we discussed the neuroprotective effects and related mechanisms of NAS and its derivative HIOC to provide a reference for follow-up research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-He Kang
- Orthopedics Department, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Orthopedics Department, the Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu-Dong Guo
- Orthopedics Department, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Dian Wang
- Orthopedics Department, School of Medicine, Honghui-hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue-Wen Kang
- Orthopedics Department, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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7
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Cheng Y, Gao Y, Li J, Rui T, Li Q, Chen H, Jia B, Song Y, Gu Z, Wang T, Gao C, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang F, Tao L, Luo C. TrkB agonist N-acetyl serotonin promotes functional recovery after traumatic brain injury by suppressing ferroptosis via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/Ferritin H pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:184-198. [PMID: 36493983 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is mainly triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. A growing body of evidence suggests that ferroptosis is involved in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) deficiency would mediate TBI pathologies. As an agonist of TrkB and an immediate precursor of melatonin, N-acetyl serotonin (NAS) exerts several beneficial effects on TBI, but there is no information regarding the role of NAS in ferroptosis after TBI. Here, we examined the effect of NAS treatment on TBI-induced functional outcomes and ferroptosis. Remarkably, the administration of NAS alleviated TBI-induced neurobehavioral deficits, lesion volume, and neurodegeneration. NAS also rescued TBI-induced mitochondrial shrinkage, the changes in ferroptosis-related molecule expression, and iron accumulation in the ipsilateral cortex. Similar results were obtained with a well-established ferroptosis inhibitor, liproxstatin-1. Furthermore, NAS activated the TrkB/PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway in the mouse model of TBI, while inhibition of PI3K and Nrf2 weakened the protection of NAS against ferroptosis both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that a possible pathway linking NAS to the action of anti-ferroptosis was TrkB/PI3K/Akt/Nrf2. Given that ferritin H (Fth) is a known transcription target of Nrf2, we then investigated the effects of NAS on neuron-specific Fth knockout (Fth-KO) mice. Strikingly, Fth deletion almost abolished the protective effects of NAS against TBI-induced ferroptosis and synaptic damage, although Fth deletion-induced susceptibility toward ferroptosis after TBI was reversed by an iron chelator, deferoxamine. Taken together, these data indicate that the TrkB agonist NAS treatment appears to improve brain function after TBI by suppressing ferroptosis, at least in part, through activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/Fth pathway, providing evidence that NAS is likely to be a promising anti-ferroptosis agent for further treatment for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tongyu Rui
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bowen Jia
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yiting Song
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiya Gu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zufeng Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Kang C, Jeong S, Kim J, Ju S, Im E, Heo G, Park S, Yoo JW, Lee J, Yoon IS, Jung Y. N-Acetylserotonin is an oxidation-responsive activator of Nrf2 ameliorating colitis in rats. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12835. [PMID: 36214640 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetylserotonin (NAS) is an intermediate in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of NAS by focusing on its chemical feature oxidizable to an electrophile. NAS was readily oxidized by reaction with HOCl, an oxidant produced in the inflammatory state. HOCl-reacted NAS (Oxi-NAS), but not NAS, activated the anti-inflammatory nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathway in cells. Chromatographic and mass analyses demonstrated that Oxi-NAS was the iminoquinone form of NAS and could react with N-acetylcysteine possessing a nucleophilic thiol to form a covalent adduct. Oxi-NAS bound to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, resulting in Nrf2 dissociation. Moreover, rectally administered NAS increased the levels of nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in the inflamed colon of rats. Simultaneously, NAS was converted to Oxi-NAS in the inflamed colon. Rectal NAS mitigated colonic damage and inflammation. The anticolitic effects were significantly compromised by the coadministration of an HO-1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkeun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Ju
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangbeom Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Juho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Anderson G. Depression Pathophysiology: Astrocyte Mitochondrial Melatonergic Pathway as Crucial Hub. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010350. [PMID: 36613794 PMCID: PMC9820523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is widely accepted as having a heterogenous pathophysiology involving a complex mixture of systemic and CNS processes. A developmental etiology coupled to genetic and epigenetic risk factors as well as lifestyle and social process influences add further to the complexity. Consequently, antidepressant treatment is generally regarded as open to improvement, undoubtedly as a consequence of inappropriately targeted pathophysiological processes. This article reviews the diverse array of pathophysiological processes linked to MDD, and integrates these within a perspective that emphasizes alterations in mitochondrial function, both centrally and systemically. It is proposed that the long-standing association of MDD with suppressed serotonin availability is reflective of the role of serotonin as a precursor for the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway. Astrocytes, and the astrocyte mitochondrial melatonergic pathway, are highlighted as crucial hubs in the integration of the wide array of biological underpinnings of MDD, including gut dysbiosis and permeability, as well as developmental and social stressors, which can act to suppress the capacity of mitochondria to upregulate the melatonergic pathway, with consequences for oxidant-induced changes in patterned microRNAs and subsequent patterned gene responses. This is placed within a development context, including how social processes, such as discrimination, can physiologically regulate a susceptibility to MDD. Future research directions and treatment implications are derived from this.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1PX, UK
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10
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dos S. Sousa K, Quiles CL, Muxel SM, Trevisan IL, Ferreira ZS, Markus RP. Brain damage-linked ATP promotes P2X7 receptors mediated pineal N-acetylserotonin release. Neuroscience 2022; 499:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kang J, Wang Y, Guo X, He X, Liu W, Chen H, Wang Z, Lin A, Kang X. N-acetylserotonin protects PC12 cells from hydrogen peroxide induced damage through ROS mediated PI3K / AKT pathway. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2268-2282. [PMID: 35758219 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2092817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylserotonin (NAS) exerts neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are the primary causes of spinal cord injury (SCI). Herein, we explored potential protective effects and mechanisms of NAS in a neuron oxidative damage model in vitro. We established an oxidative damage model in PC12 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and treated these cells with NAS. NAS enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase and halted the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Additionally, NAS promoted protein expression of Bcl-2, but inhibited protein expressions of Fas, FADD, cytochrome c, Bax, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3, namely, decreasing protein expression of the Fas and mitochondrial pathways. Furthermore, it reduced the rate of apoptosis and necroptosis-related protein expressions of MLKL and p-MLKL. Moreover, NAS promoted the protein expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT, and the addition of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 partially attenuated the antioxidant stress and anti-apoptotic effects of NAS in H2O2 stimulated PC12 cells. In conclusion, NAS protected PC12 cells from apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by H2O2 by inhibiting ROS activity and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihe Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yidian Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuegang He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenzhao Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiwei Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaoheng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aixin Lin
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Ren H, Li J, Peng A, Liu T, Chen M, Li H, Wang X. Water-Soluble, Alanine-Modified Fullerene C 60 Promotes the Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105714. [PMID: 35628525 PMCID: PMC9146176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As carbon-based nanomaterials, water-soluble C60 derivatives have potential applications in various fields of biomedicine. In this study, a water-soluble fullerene C60 derivative bearing alanine residues (Ala-C60) was synthesized. The effects of Ala-C60 on neural stem cells (NSCs) as seed cells were explored. Ala-C60 can promote the proliferation of NSCs, induce NSCs to differentiate into neurons, and inhibit the migration of NSCs. Most importantly, the Ala-C60 can significantly increase the cell viability of NSCs treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and glutathione (GSH) content increased significantly in NSCs treated even by 20 μM Ala-C60. These findings strongly indicate that Ala-C60 has high potential to be applied as a scaffold with NSCs for regeneration in nerve tissue engineering for diseases related to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (H.R.); (A.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Jinrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Ai Peng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (H.R.); (A.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (H.R.); (A.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Mengjun Chen
- School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China;
| | - Hongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-531-88363963 (H.L.); +86-531-88382046 (X.W.)
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (H.R.); (A.P.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-531-88363963 (H.L.); +86-531-88382046 (X.W.)
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Zeng J, Ji Y, Luan F, Hu J, Rui Y, Liu Y, Rao Z, Liu R, Zeng N. Xiaoyaosan ethyl acetate fraction alleviates depression-like behaviors in CUMS mice by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis via modulating the IGF-1Rβ/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:115005. [PMID: 35051601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaoyaosan (XYS), a representative and classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription with function of dispersing stagnated liver and strengthening spleen, has been used for thousands of years to treat depression. XYS' anti-depression effect has been demonstrated both clinically and experimentally; however, the material basis for this effect has yet to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the impact and underlying action mechanism of XYS' antidepressant active component (Xiaoyaosan ethyl acetate fraction, XYSEF) against chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression-like behavior in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we established a behavioral despair depression mouse model to preliminarily determine the effective antidepressant dose of XYSEF. Then, we created a CUMS mouse model and used various classic behavioral tests, including SPT, ST, NFST, and TST, to assess XYSEF's antidepressant properties. IGF-1 levels in mouse serum and hippocampus were quantified using ELISA. The average optical density of Nissl bodies in the mouse hippocampal CA3 region was determined utilizing toluidine blue staining. Brdu and DCX expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) was assayed using the immunofluorescence method. IGF-1Rβ, PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, Caspase-3, and cleaved Caspase-3 protein levels in the hippocampus were determined with Western blot. RESULTS The behavioral despair mouse model findings showed that 9.1 and 40 g/kg of XYSEF both significantly shortened the immobility time of mice, suggesting that the effective dose range was 9.1-40 g/kg. Compared to the CUMS mouse model, XYSEF at 20 and 40 g/kg markedly increased the sucrose preference percentage in the SPT and grooming time in the ST, shortened the immobility time in the TST and the feeding latency in the NSFT, and reversed the downregulated IGF-1 content in mouse serum and hippocampus. In addition, XYSEF amplified the average optical density of Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA3 region, promoted Brdu and DCX expression in DG, and diminished IGF-1Rβ, p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 protein levels in the hippocampi of CUMS mice. CONCLUSION XYSEF acted as an antidepressant in mice exhibiting CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors, possibly by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis, reducing neuronal apoptosis, and inhibiting the over-activation of the IGF-1Rβ/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuseng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yafei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Fei Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yixing Rui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zhili Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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14
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Hamdi H, Graiet I, Abid-Essefi S, Eyer J. Epoxiconazole profoundly alters rat brain and properties of neural stem cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132640. [PMID: 34695486 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epoxiconazole (EPX), a widely used fungicide for domestic, medical, and industrial applications, could cause neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underling mechanism of neurotoxicity is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the possible toxic outcomes of Epoxiconzole, a triazole fungicide, on the brain of adult rats in vivo, and in vitro on neural stem cells derived from the subventricular zone of newborn Wistar rats. Our results revealed that oral exposure to EPX at these concentrations (8, 24, 40, 56 mg/kg bw representing respectively NOEL (no observed effect level), NOEL × 3, NOEL × 5, and NOEL × 7) for 28 days caused a considerable generation of oxidative stress in adult rat brain tissue. Furthermore, a significant augmentation in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation has been found. Moreover, it induced an elevation of DNA fragmentation as assessed by the Comet assay. Indeed, EPX administration impaired activities of antioxidant enzymes and inhibited AChE activity. Concomitantly, this pesticide produced histological alterations in the brain of adult rats. Regarding the embryonic neural stem cells, we demonstrated that the treatment by EPX reduced the viability of cells with an IC50 of 10 μM. It also provoked the reduction of cell proliferation, and EPX triggered arrest in G1/S phase. The neurosphere formation and self-renewal capacity was reduced and associated with decreased differentiation. Moreover, EPX induced cytoskeleton disruption as evidenced by immunocytochemical analysis. Our findings also showed that EPX induced apoptosis as evidenced by a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and an activation of caspase-3. In addition, EPX promoted ROS production in neural stem cells. Interestingly, the pretreatment of neural stem cells with the N-acetylcysteine (ROS scavenger) attenuated EPX-induced cell death, disruption of neural stem cells properties, ROS generation and apoptosis. Thus, the use of this hazardous material should be restricted and carefully regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hamdi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Graiet
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Joel Eyer
- Laboratoire Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles (MINT), Inserm 1066, CNRS 6021, Institut de Biologie de La Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49033, Angers, France.
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15
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Sun G, Zhao Z, Lang J, Sun B, Zhao Q. Nrf2 loss of function exacerbates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in TBI mice. Neurosci Lett 2021; 770:136400. [PMID: 34923041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in neuroprotection and recover. Our studies have showed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis aggravates secondary damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Whether Nrf2 involved in ER stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis is not clearly investigated. This present study explored the effect of Nrf2 knockout on ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis in TBI mice. A lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI)model of TBI was built based on Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2(-/-)) mice and wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) mice, and the expressions of marker proteins of ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis were checked at 24 h following TBI. We found that Nrf2(-/-) mice presented more severe neurological deficit, brain edema and neuronal cell apoptosis compared with Nrf2(+/+) mice. And, the TBI Nrf2(-/-) mice were significantly increased expression of marker proteins of ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptotic pathway including glucose regulated protein (GRP78), protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol requiring enzyme (IRE1), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12 and caspase-3, compared with that in WT mice. These results suggest that Nrf2 could ameliorate TBI-induced second brain injury partly through ER stress signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China.
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China
| | - Jiadong Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China
| | - Boyu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China
| | - Qitao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China
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16
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Marzano LAS, de Castro FLM, Machado CA, de Barros JLVM, Macedo E Cordeiro T, Simões E Silva AC, Teixeira AL, Silva de Miranda A. Potential Role of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Traumatic Brain Injury. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3392-3419. [PMID: 34561977 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210923143713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious cause of disability and death among young and adult individuals, displaying complex pathophysiology including cellular and molecular mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. Many experimental and clinical studies investigated the potential relationship between TBI and the process by which neurons are formed in the brain, known as neurogenesis. Currently, there are no available treatments for TBI's long-term consequences being the search for novel therapeutic targets, a goal of highest scientific and clinical priority. Some studies evaluated the benefits of treatments aimed at improving neurogenesis in TBI. In this scenario, herein, we reviewed current pre-clinical studies that evaluated different approaches to improving neurogenesis after TBI while achieving better cognitive outcomes, which may consist in interesting approaches for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Alexandre Santos Marzano
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Amaral Machado
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Macedo E Cordeiro
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
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17
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Lin X, Zhao J, Zhang W, He L, Wang L, Li H, Liu Q, Cui L, Gao Y, Chen C, Li B, Li YF. Towards screening the neurotoxicity of chemicals through feces after exposure to methylmercury or inorganic mercury in rats: A combined study using gut microbiome, metabolomics and metallomics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124923. [PMID: 33482478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the chemicals that bring serious adverse effects to the environment and human beings. Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxin while inorganic Hg (IHg) is not. Early screening of the neurotoxicity of chemicals may help reduce the occurrence of neurological disorders by minimizing chemical exposure. This work proposed the combined application of gut microbiome, metabolomics and metallomics to differentiate the neurotoxicity between MeHg and IHg in rats. It was found that MeHg caused down-regulated Bacteroides, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and up-regulated Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia at phylum level, while MeHg caused up-regulated Verrucomicrobiaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Helicobacteraceae, Lachnospiraceae and down-regulated Rikenellaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Sutterellaceae, Anaeroplasmataceae and Coriobacteriaceae in feces than IHg did at family level; Besides, MeHg brought metabolites change in activation of gut-brain axis pathway than IHg did, such as Glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Dopamine (DA) and Tryptophan. These differences between MeHg and IHg were further confirmed by the distribution of Hg in the intestine, as well as the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the intestine, brain and serum. Therefore, the difference of toxicity between MeHg and IHg can be well distinguished through feces after exposure for only 24 h, which may be used for the screening of neurotoxicity of other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lin
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, Jilin, China
| | - Jiating Zhao
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina He
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liming Wang
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Li
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quancheng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Liwei Cui
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxi Gao
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Bai Li
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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18
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Fletcher JL, Dill LK, Wood RJ, Wang S, Robertson K, Murray SS, Zamani A, Semple BD. Acute treatment with TrkB agonist LM22A-4 confers neuroprotection and preserves myelin integrity in a mouse model of pediatric traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2021; 339:113652. [PMID: 33609501 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Young children have a high risk of sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI), which can have debilitating life-long consequences. Importantly, the young brain shows particular vulnerability to injury, likely attributed to ongoing maturation of the myelinating nervous system at the time of insult. Here, we examined the effect of acute treatment with the partial tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) agonist, LM22A-4, on pathological and neurobehavioral outcomes after pediatric TBI, with the hypothesis that targeting TrkB would minimize tissue damage and support functional recovery. We focused on myelinated tracts-the corpus callosum and external capsules-based on recent evidence that TrkB activation potentiates oligodendrocyte remyelination. Male mice at postnatal day 21 received an experimental TBI or sham surgery. Acutely post-injury, extensive cell death, a robust glial response and disruption of compact myelin were evident in the injured brain. TBI or sham mice then received intranasal saline vehicle or LM22A-4 for 14 days. Behavior testing was performed from 4 weeks post-injury, and brains were collected at 5 weeks for histology. TBI mice showed hyperactivity, reduced anxiety-like behavior, and social memory impairments. LM22A-4 ameliorated the abnormal anxiolytic phenotype but had no effect on social memory deficits. Use of spectral confocal reflectance microscopy detected persistent myelin fragmentation in the external capsule of TBI mice at 5 weeks post-injury, which was accompanied by regionally distinct deficits in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and post-mitotic oligodendrocytes, as well as chronic reactive gliosis and atrophy of the corpus callosum and injured external capsule. LM22A-4 treatment ameliorated myelin deficits in the perilesional external capsule, as well as tissue volume loss and the extent of reactive gliosis. However, there was no effect of this TrkB agonist on oligodendroglial populations detected at 5 weeks post-injury. Collectively, our results demonstrate that targeting TrkB immediately after TBI during early life confers neuroprotection and preserves myelin integrity, and this was associated with some improved neurobehavioral outcomes as the pediatric injured brain matures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Larissa K Dill
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhiannon J Wood
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharon Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Robertson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon S Murray
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Akram Zamani
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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19
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Seno S, Tomura S, Miyazaki H, Sato S, Saitoh D. Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on Depression-Like Behavior in a Laser-Induced Shock Wave Model. Front Neurol 2021; 12:602038. [PMID: 33643190 PMCID: PMC7902879 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.602038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary blast injury can result in depression-like behavior in the long-term. However, the effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on the depression induced by mild blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI) in the long-term remain unclear. We generated a mouse model of mild bTBI using laser-induced shock wave (LISW) and administered an SSRI to mice by oral gavage for 14 days after LISW exposure. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of SSRI-mediated alleviation of depression-like behavior induced by mild bTBI. Animals were divided into three groups: sham, LISW-Vehicle, and LISW-SSRI. LISW was applied to the head of anesthetized mice at 0.5 J/cm2. Twenty-eight days after the LISW, mice in the LISW-SSRI group exhibited reduced depression-like behavior, a significant increase in the number of cells co-stained for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (Brd-U) and doublecortin (DCX) in the dentate gyrus (DG) as well as increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serotonin levels in the hippocampus compared to the sham and LISW-Vehicle groups. Additionally, levels of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) in the DG were significantly decreased in the LISW-Vehicle group compared to that in the sham group. Importantly, pCREB levels were not significantly different between LISW-SSRI and sham groups suggesting that SSRI treatment may limit the downregulation of pCREB induced by mild bTBI. In conclusion, recovery from depression-like behavior after mild bTBI may be mediated by hippocampal neurogenesis induced by increased BDNF and serotonin levels as well as the inhibition of pCREB downregulation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Seno
- Division of Traumatology, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tomura
- Division of Traumatology, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Miyazaki
- Division of Traumatology, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunichi Sato
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Division of Traumatology, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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20
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population. With advances in medical care, the mortality rate of pediatric TBI has declined. However, more children and adolescents are living with TBI-related cognitive and emotional impairments, which negatively affects the quality of their life. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays an important role in cognition and mood regulation. Alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis are associated with a variety of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, including TBI. Promoting endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI merits significant attention. However, TBI affects the function of neural stem/progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus, which results in aberrant migration and impaired dendrite development of adult-born neurons. Therefore, a better understanding of adult hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI can facilitate a more successful neuro-restoration of damage in immature brains. Secondary injuries, such as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, exert a significant impact on hippocampal neurogenesis. Currently, a variety of therapeutic approaches have been proposed for ameliorating secondary TBI injuries. In this review, we discuss the uniqueness of pediatric TBI, adult hippocampal neurogenesis after pediatric TBI, and current efforts that promote neuroprotection to the developing brains, which can be leveraged to facilitate neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Rizk
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA
| | - Justin Vu
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA
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21
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Curcumin alleviates neuroinflammation, enhances hippocampal neurogenesis, and improves spatial memory after traumatic brain injury. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:84-93. [PMID: 32502596 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is one of the most obvious symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have demonstrated that cognitive decline is related to substantially increased neuroinflammation and decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus in a rat model of TBI. Using this model, we explored the role of curcumin (Cur) in ameliorating TBI-impaired spatial memory because Cur has been shown to exhibit anti-chronic-neuroinflammatory, neurogenesis-promoting, and memory-improving properties. Animals received daily Cur or vehicle treatment for 28 days after TBI and also received 50-bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) for the first 7 days of the treatment for assaying neurogenesis. An optimal Cur dose of 30 mg/kg, selected from a range of 10-50 mg/kg, was used for the present study. Neuroinflammation was evaluated by astrocyte hypertrophy, activated microglia, and inflammatory factors in the hippocampus. Behavioral water-maze studies were conducted for 5 days, starting at 35-day post-TBI. The tropomyosin receptor kinase B (Trkb) inhibitor, ANA-12, was used to test the role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/ TrkB/Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in regulating inflammation and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Treatment with Cur ameliorated the spatial memory of TBI rats, reduced TBI-induced chronic inflammation, typified by diminished astrocyte hypertrophy, reduction in activated microglia, declined inflammatory factors, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus. We also found that BDNF/Trkb/PI3K/Akt signaling was involved in the effects of Cur in TBI rats. Thus, Cur treatment can ameliorate the spatial memory in a murine model of TBI, which may be attributable to decreased chronic neuroinflammation, increased hippocampal neurogenesis, and/or BDNF/Trkb/PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Wang X, Ma W, Wang T, Yang J, Wu Z, Liu K, Dai Y, Zang C, Liu W, Liu J, Liang Y, Guo J, Li L. BDNF-TrkB and proBDNF-p75NTR/Sortilin Signaling Pathways are Involved in Mitochondria-Mediated Neuronal Apoptosis in Dorsal Root Ganglia after Sciatic Nerve Transection. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:66-82. [PMID: 31957620 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200117110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) plays critical roles during development
of the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in neuronal survival after injury.
Although proBDNF induces neuronal apoptosis after injury in vivo, whether it can also act as a death
factor in vitro and in vivo under physiological conditions and after nerve injury, as well as its mechanism
of inducing apoptosis, is still unclear.
Objective:
In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which proBDNF causes apoptosis in sensory
neurons and Satellite Glial Cells (SGCs) in Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) After Sciatic Nerve
Transection (SNT).
Methods:
SGCs cultures were prepared and a scratch model was established to analyze the role of
proBDNF in sensory neurons and SGCs in DRG following SNT. Following treatment with proBDNF
antiserum, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry staining were used to detect the expression of Glial
Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in DRG tissue; immunocytochemistry
and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay were used to detect GFAP expression and
cell viability of SGCs, respectively. RT-qPCR, western blot, and ELISA were used to measure mRNA
and protein levels, respectively, of key factors in BDNF-TrkB, proBDNF-p75NTR/sortilin, and apoptosis
signaling pathways.
Results:
proBDNF induced mitochondrial apoptosis of SGCs and neurons by modulating BDNF-TrkB
and proBDNF-p75NTR/sortilin signaling pathways. In addition, neuroprotection was achieved by inhibiting
the biological activity of endogenous proBDNF protein by injection of anti-proBDNF serum. Furthermore,
the anti-proBDNF serum inhibited the activation of SGCs and promoted their proliferation.
Conclusion:
proBDNF induced apoptosis in SGCs and sensory neurons in DRG following SNT. The
proBDNF signaling pathway is a potential novel therapeutic target for reducing sensory neuron and
SGCs loss following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jinwei Yang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Kuangpin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yunfei Dai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Chenghao Zang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Liyan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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Tetrahydroxystilbene Glucoside Ameliorates Infrasound-Induced Central Nervous System (CNS) Injury by Improving Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Capacity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6576718. [PMID: 31998440 PMCID: PMC6977337 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6576718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Infrasound is a major threat to global health by causing injuries of the central nervous system (CNS). However, there remains no effective therapeutic agent for preventing infrasound-caused CNS injury. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glycoside (THSG) exerts protective function against CNS injuries and may have beneficial effects on infrasound-induced CNS impairment. Methods A mouse model with CNS (oxidative stress-induced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis) injuries was established when the mouse was exposed to the infrasound of 16 Hz at 130 dB for 2 h each day and the duration of treatment was 8 d. The mice were divided into the control (CG, healthy mice), the model (MG, model mice), and the THSG (EG, experimental group, model mice treated with THSG) groups. The learning and memory impairments caused by infrasound were examined using a Morris water maze test. Lipid profiles, antioxidant biomarkers, and inflammatory cytokines in hippocampus tissue were measured by using corresponding ELISA kits. Meanwhile, BCL-2/BAX/caspase-3 signaling pathway was measured in the hippocampi and prefrontal cortex of the mouse brain using real-time qPCR and Western blot. Nissl's stain was used to measure neuronal necrosis in the hippocampi and prefrontal cortex of the mouse brain. Results THSG significantly ameliorated the learning and memory impairments caused by infrasound. On the other hand, THSG improved lipid profiles, increased antioxidant properties by affecting the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and displayed anti-inflammatory action via the downregulation of IL- (interleukin-) 6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF- (tumor necrosis factor-) α, and hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) in the hippocampal tissues of the mouse model (P < 0.05). Additionally, Nissl's stain showed that THSG inhibited infrasound-induced neuronal necrosis in the hippocampi and prefrontal cortex. Besides, THSG exerted antiapoptosis function by upregulating the level of Bcl-2 and downregulating the levels of BAX and caspase-3 in the hippocampi. Conclusion THSG may be an effective anti-infrasound drug against CNS injury by improving antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptosis, and antinecrosis capacities. Further research is still needed to confirm the exact molecular mechanism.
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Rui T, Wang Z, Li Q, Wang H, Wang T, Zhang M, Tao L, Luo C. A TrkB receptor agonist N-acetyl serotonin provides cerebral protection after traumatic brain injury by mitigating apoptotic activation and autophagic dysfunction. Neurochem Int 2020; 132:104606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Saha P, Gupta R, Sen T, Sen N. Histone Deacetylase 4 Downregulation Elicits Post-Traumatic Psychiatric Disorders through Impairment of Neurogenesis. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:3284-3296. [PMID: 31169064 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An enduring deficit in neurogenesis largely contributes to the development of severe post-traumatic psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and memory impairment following traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the mechanism remains obscure. Here we have shown that an imbalance in the generation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glutamatergic neurons due to aberrant induction of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGlut1)-positive glutamatergic cells is responsible for impaired neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus following TBI. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, we found that TBI activates a transcription factor, Pax3, by increasing its acetylation status, and subsequently induces Ngn2 transcription. This event, in turn, augments the vGlut1-expressing glutamatergic neurons and accumulation of excess glutamate in the hippocampus that can affect neuronal differentiation. In our study the acetylation of Pax3 was increased due to loss of its interaction with a deacetylase, histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), which was downregulated after TBI. TBI-induced activation of GSK3β was responsible for the degradation of HDAC4. We also showed that overexpression of HDAC4 before TBI reduces Pax3 acetylation by restoring an interaction between HDAC4 and Pax3 in the hippocampus. This event prevents the aberrant induction of vGlut1-positive glutamatergic neurons by decreasing the Ngn2 level and subsequently reinforces the balance between GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons following TBI. Further, we found that overexpression of HDAC4 in the hippocampus improves anxiety, depressive-like behavior, and memory functions following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pampa Saha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajaneesh Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tanusree Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nilkantha Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Xiong G, Zhao L, Yan M, Wang X, Zhou Z, Chang X. N-acetylcysteine alleviated paraquat-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagy in primary murine neural progenitor cells. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1557-1567. [PMID: 31368586 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain is uniquely vulnerable to toxic chemical exposures. Studies indicate that neural stem cell (NSC) self-renewal is susceptible to oxidative stress caused by xenobiotics. However, the impact of antioxidants on NSC self-renewal and the potential mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, primary murine neural progenitor cells (mNPCs) from the subventricular zone were used as a research model. In addition, paraquat (PQ) was used to elicit oxidative stress and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used as a powerful antioxidant. mNPCs were treated with 80 μm PQ for 24 hours with or without 4 hours of NAC pretreatment. Our results showed that PQ treatment increased intracellular reactive oxygen species production, decreased cell viability and DNA synthesis, and promoted cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, pretreatment with NAC alleviated PQ-induced cytotoxicity in mNPCs. To elucidate the mechanisms further, we found that NAC pretreatment prevented PQ-induced reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagy in mNPCs. NAC-pretreated cells showed increased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and decreased pro-apoptotic protein Bax expression. Similarly, NAC pretreatment increased p-mTOR and decreased LC3B-II protein expression. Moreover, NAC decreased mitophagy related mRNA Pink1 and Parkin expression. Taken together, our results suggested that the antioxidant NAC treatment significantly attenuated PQ-induced mNPC self-renewal disruption through decreasing autophagy and salvaging mitochondrial morphology. These findings revealed a potential mechanism for neurological treatment relating to antioxidant and suggested potentially relevant implications for PQ-related neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, our study also provided insight into therapeutic strategies for the neurotoxic effects of oxidative stress-associated toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiya Xiong
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Department of Science and Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengling Yan
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjin Wang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Nozari A, Castellani RJ, Dey PK, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Anesthetics influence concussive head injury induced blood-brain barrier breakdown, brain edema formation, cerebral blood flow, serotonin levels, brain pathology and functional outcome. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 146:45-81. [PMID: 31349932 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidences show that anesthetics influence neurotoxicity and neuroprotection. The possibility that different anesthetic agents potentially influence the pathophysiological and functional outcome following neurotrauma was examined in a rat model of concussive head injury (CHI). The CHI was produced by an impact of 0.224N on the right parietal bone by dropping a weight of 114.6g from a 20cm height under different anesthetic agents, e.g., inhaled ether anesthesia or intraperitoneally administered ketamine, pentobarbital, equithesin or urethane anesthesia. Five hour CHI resulted in profound volume swelling and brain edema formation in both hemispheres showing disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to Evans blue and radioiodine. A marked decrease in the cortical CBF and a profound increase in plasma or brain serotonin levels were seen at this time. Neuronal damages were present in several parts of the brain. These pathological changes were most marked in CHI under ether anesthesia followed by ketamine (35mg/kg, i.p.), pentobarbital (50mg/kg, i.p.), equithesin (3mL/kg, i.p.) and urethane (1g/kg, i.p.). The functional outcome on Rota Rod performances or grid walking tests was also most adversely affected after CHI under ether anesthesia followed by pentobarbital, equithesin and ketamine. Interestingly, the plasma and brain serotonin levels strongly correlated with the development of brain edema in head injured animals in relation to different anesthetic agents used. These observations suggest that anesthetic agents are detrimental to functional and pathological outcomes in CHI probably through influencing the circulating plasma and brain serotonin levels, not reported earlier. Whether anesthetics could also affect the efficacy of different neuroprotective agents in CNS injuries is a new subject that is currently being examined in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin Fior Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Prasanta Kumar Dey
- Neurophysiology Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Li L, Tan HP, Liu CY, Yu LT, Wei DN, Zhang ZC, Lu K, Zhao KS, Maegele M, Cai DZ, Gu ZT. Polydatin prevents the induction of secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury by protecting neuronal mitochondria. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1573-1582. [PMID: 31089056 PMCID: PMC6557083 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.255972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydatin is thought to protect mitochondria in different cell types in various diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major contributing factor in secondary brain injury resulting from traumatic brain injury. To investigate the protective effect of polydatin after traumatic brain injury, a rat brain injury model of lateral fluid percussion was established to mimic traumatic brain injury insults. Rat models were intraperitoneally injected with polydatin (30 mg/kg) or the SIRT1 activator SRT1720 (20 mg/kg, as a positive control to polydatin). At 6 hours post-traumatic brain injury insults, western blot assay was used to detect the expression of SIRT1, endoplasmic reticulum stress related proteins and p38 phosphorylation in cerebral cortex on the injured side. Flow cytometry was used to analyze neuronal mitochondrial superoxide, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opened. Ultrastructural damage in neuronal mitochondria was measured by transmission electron microscopy. Our results showed that after treatment with polydatin, release of reactive oxygen species in neuronal mitochondria was markedly reduced; swelling of mitochondria was alleviated; mitochondrial membrane potential was maintained; mitochondrial permeability transition pore opened. Also endoplasmic reticulum stress related proteins were inhibited, including the activation of p-PERK, spliced XBP-1 and cleaved ATF6. SIRT1 expression and activity were increased; p38 phosphorylation and cleaved caspase-9/3 activation were inhibited. Neurological scores of treated rats were increased and the mortality was reduced compared with the rats only subjected to traumatic brain injury. These results indicated that polydatin protectrd rats from the consequences of traumatic brain injury and exerted a protective effect on neuronal mitochondria. The mechanisms may be linked to increased SIRT1 expression and activity, which inhibits the p38 phosphorylation-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Southern Medical University, China (approval number: L2016113) on January 1, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province; Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Ping Tan
- Department of Epilepsy Surgery, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Liu
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin-Tao Yu
- Department of Emergency, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Da-Nian Wei
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zi-Chen Zhang
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kui Lu
- Department of Emergency, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ke-Sen Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Marc Maegele
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), University Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Campus Cologne-Merheim, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dao-Zhang Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Gu
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province; Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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