Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Two Chinese Children with Infantile Sandhoff Disease and Review of the Literature

Ataxia in Neurometabolic Disorders

Ataxia is a movement disorder that manifests during the execution of purposeful movements. It results from damage to the structures of the cerebellum and its connections or the posterior cords of the spinal cord. It should be noted that, in addition to occurring as part of many diseases, pediatric ataxia is a common symptom in neurometabolic diseases. To date, there are more than 150 inherited metabolic disorders that can manifest as ataxia in children. Neuroimaging studies (magnetic resonance imaging of the head and spinal cord) are essential in the diagnosis of ataxia, and genetic studies are performed when metabolic diseases are suspected. It is important to remember that most of these disorders are progressive if left untreated. Therefore, it is crucial to include neurometabolic disorders in the differential diagnosis of ataxia, so that an early diagnosis can be made. Initiating prompt treatment influences positive neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Update on Neuropathies in Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Neuropathies are relatively common in inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs); however, due to the early onset and severe, progressive course of many IEMs, they have not been very well researched yet. This article aims to review and compare neuropathies in inborn errors of metabolism, mostly with childhood and juvenile onset. Some of these diseases are treatable if diagnosed early and in many cases, the therapy can not only slow down disease progression, but can also reverse the changes already made by the condition.