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Lashgari NA, Roudsari NM, Niknejad A, Shamsnia HS, Shayan M, Shalmani LM, Momtaz S, Rezaei N, Abdolghaffari AH. LRRK2; Communicative Role in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Overlapping. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:1177-1188. [PMID: 38279762 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273270874231205050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Involvement of gastrointestinal inflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis and movement have progressively emerged. Inflammation is involved in the etiology of both PD and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Transformations in leucine-rich recurrent kinase 2 (LRRK2) are among the best hereditary supporters of IBD and PD. Elevated levels of LRRK2 have been reported in stimulated colonic tissue from IBD patients and peripheral invulnerable cells from irregular PD patients; thus, it is thought that LRRK2 directs inflammatory cycles. OBJECTIVE Since its revelation, LRRK2 has been seriously linked in neurons, albeit various lines of proof affirmed that LRRK2 is profoundly communicated in invulnerable cells. Subsequently, LRRK2 might sit at a junction by which stomach inflammation and higher LRRK2 levels in IBD might be a biomarker of expanded risk for inconsistent PD or potentially may address a manageable helpful objective in incendiary sicknesses that increment the risk of PD. Here, we discuss how PD and IBD share covering aggregates, especially regarding LRRK2 and present inhibitors, which could be a helpful objective in ongoing treatments. METHOD English data were obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library studies published between 1990-December 2022. RESULT Inhibitors of the LRRK2 pathway can be considered as the novel treatment approaches for IBD and PD treatment. CONCLUSION Common mediators and pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of IBD and PD, which are majorly correlated with inflammatory situations. Such diseases could be used for further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Niknejad
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Sadat Shamsnia
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shayan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mohaghegh Shalmani
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Ahmad M, Stirmlinger N, Jan I, Stifel U, Lee S, Weingandt M, Kelp U, Bockmann J, Ignatius A, Böckers TM, Tuckermann J. Downregulation of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Gene Shank2 Decreases Bone Mass in Male Mice. JBMR Plus 2022; 7:e10711. [PMID: 36751416 PMCID: PMC9893268 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the postsynaptic scaffold protein Shank2 lead to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These patients frequently suffer from higher fracture risk. Here, we investigated whether Shank2 directly regulates bone mass. We show that Shank2 is expressed in bone and that Shank2 levels are increased during osteoblastogenesis. Knockdown of Shank2 by siRNA targeting the encoding regions for PDZ and SAM domain inhibits osteoblastogenesis of primary murine calvarial osteoblasts. Shank2 knockout mice (Shank2 -/-) have a decreased bone mass due to reduced osteoblastogenesis and bone formation, whereas bone resorption remains unaffected. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived osteoblasts from a loss-of-function Shank2 mutation in a patient showed a significantly reduced osteoblast differentiation potential. Moreover, silencing of known Shank2 interacting proteins revealed that a majority of them promote osteoblast differentiation. From this we conclude that Shank2 and interacting proteins known from the central nervous system are decisive regulators in osteoblast differentiation. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Ahmad
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | | | - Irfana Jan
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Ulrich Stifel
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Marcel Weingandt
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Ulrike Kelp
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Jürgen Bockmann
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and BiomechanicsUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | | | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
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Doddato G, Fabbiani A, Scandurra V, Canitano R, Mencarelli MA, Renieri A, Ariani F. Identification of a Novel SHANK2 Pathogenic Variant in a Patient with a Neurodevelopmental Disorder. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040688. [PMID: 35456494 PMCID: PMC9025881 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects in the SHANK2 gene, encoding for synaptic scaffolding protein, are associated with a variety of neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism spectrum disorders and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Until now, limited patient clinical descriptions have been published. Only 13 unrelated patients with SHANK2 pathogenic variations or microdeletions have been reported worldwide. By Exome Sequencing, we identified a de novo stop-gain variant, c.334C>T, p.(Gln112*), in an Italian patient with a neurodevelopmental disorder. The patient (9 years old) presented the following facial features: a flat profile, thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, a bulbous nasal tip and a prominent columella, retracted ears, dental anomalies. The patient showed speech delay and mild neuromotor delay but not autism spectrum disorder. In conclusion, this patient with a novel pathogenic variant in SHANK2 enlarges the phenotypic spectrum of SHANK2-mutated patients and demonstrates that the severity of SHANK2-associated disorders is highly variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Doddato
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.D.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fabbiani
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.D.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Valeria Scandurra
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Canitano
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.S.); (R.C.)
| | | | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.D.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Francesca Ariani
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.D.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-233303
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