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Ren W, Sun Y, Zhao L, Shi X. NLRP3 inflammasome and its role in autoimmune diseases: A promising therapeutic target. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116679. [PMID: 38701567 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a protein complex that regulates innate immune responses by activating caspase-1 and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Numerous studies have highlighted its crucial role in the pathogenesis and development of inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune thyroid diseases, and other autoimmune diseases. Therefore, investigating the underlying mechanisms of NLRP3 in disease and targeted drug therapies holds clinical significance. This review summarizes the structure, assembly, and activation mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome, focusing on its role and involvement in various autoimmune diseases. This review also identifies studies where the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the disease mechanism within the same disease appears contradictory, as well as differences in NLRP3-related gene polymorphisms among different ethnic groups. Additionally, the latest therapeutic advances in targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome for autoimmune diseases are outlined, and novel clinical perspectives are discussed. Conclusively, this review provides a consolidated source of information on the NLRP3 inflammasome and may guide future research efforts that have the potential to positively impact patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
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Hou W, Huang L, Huang H, Liu S, Dai W, Tang J, Chen X, Lu X, Zheng Q, Zhou Z, Zhang Z, Lan J. Bioactivities and Mechanisms of Action of Sinomenine and Its Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2024; 29:540. [PMID: 38276618 PMCID: PMC10818773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the roots and stems of Sinomenium acutum, has been extensively studied for its derivatives as bioactive agents. This review concentrates on the research advancements in the biological activities and action mechanisms of sinomenine-related compounds until November 2023. The findings indicate a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, including antitumor, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection, and immunosuppressive properties. These compounds are notably effective against breast, lung, liver, and prostate cancers, exhibiting IC50 values of approximately 121.4 nM against PC-3 and DU-145 cells, primarily through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Additionally, they manifest anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects predominantly via the NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Utilized in treating rheumatic arthritis, these alkaloids also play a significant role in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, as well as organ protection through the NF-κB, Nrf2, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. This review concludes with perspectives and insights on this topic, highlighting the potential of sinomenine-related compounds in clinical applications and the development of medications derived from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lejun Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shenglan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jianhong Tang
- Laboratory Animal Engineering Research Center of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Xiangzhao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaolu Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qisheng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhinuo Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jinxia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Yuan J, Tao Y, Wang M, Huang F, Wu X. Natural compounds as potential therapeutic candidates for multiple sclerosis: Emerging preclinical evidence. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155248. [PMID: 38096716 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, with main characteristics of pathological inflammation, neural damage and axonal demyelination. Current mainstream treatments demonstrate more or less side effects, which limit their extensive use. PURPOSE Increasing studies indicate that natural compounds benefit multiple sclerosis without remarkable side effects. Given the needs to explore the potential effects of natural compounds of plant origin on multiple sclerosis and their mechanisms, we review publications involving the role of natural compounds in animal models of multiple sclerosis, excluding controlled trials. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Articles were conducted on PubMed and Web of Science databases using the keywords ``multiple sclerosis'' and ``natural compounds'' published from January 1, 2008, to September 1, 2023. RESULTS This review summarized the effects of natural ingredients (flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, glycosides, and others) from three aspects: immune regulation, oxidative stress suppression, and myelin protection and regeneration in multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSION Overall, we concluded 80 studies to show the preclinical evidence that natural compounds may attenuate multiple sclerosis progression via suppressing immune attacks and/or promoting myelin protection or endogenous repair processes. It would pave the roads for the future development of effective therapeutic regiments of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanlin Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Zhang YJ, Shang ZJ, Zheng M, Shi R. Efficacy and safety of sinomenine for diabetic kidney diseases: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36779. [PMID: 38206710 PMCID: PMC10754606 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In traditional Chinese medicine, Sinomenii Caulis contains Sinomenine (SIN), one of the major active ingredients. According to some studies, SIN can reduce proteinuria and provides clinical effectiveness rates in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients, however, the evidence is not strong and mechanisms of action are unclear. The efficacy and safety of SIN in treating DKD were evaluated by meta-analysis, and the potential mechanism of SIN therapy for DKD was initially explored by network pharmacology. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed databases were comprehensively searched until March 28, 2022. Randomized controlled trials on DKD treated with SIN were selected. The main results were clinical effective rate and the secondary results were the decrease in 24-hour urine total protein (24-hour UTP), serum creatinine, adverse reactions, etc. Drug combinations and disease stages were analyzed in subgroups. Sensitivity analysis was performed for 24-hour UTP. The potential target genes and pathways of SIN in treating DKD were studied using protein-protein interactions, gene ontology, and the Kyoto Genome Encyclopedia and Genomes enrichment analysis. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 7 randomized controlled trials. SIN treatment had a higher clinical effectiveness rate than conventional treatment (relative risk = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [1.30; 1.80], Z = 5.14, P < .0001); the decrease in 24-hour UTP, treatment group was higher than control group (standardized mean difference = -1.12, 95% confidence interval [-1.71; -0.52], Z = -3.69, P = .0002); In the experimental group, adverse reactions were more common than in the control group. SIN mainly affected 5 target genes, NFκB-1, TNF, interleukin 6, interleukin 1β and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and IL-17, AGE-RAGE signaling pathways, lipids, and atherosclerosis were all controlled to achieve therapeutic effects. CONCLUSION SIN is an effective and safe drug for treating DKD, enhancing clinical efficacy, and reducing proteinuria. The main potential mechanism is anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Nephrology, Puyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Puyang, China
| | - Zong-Jie Shang
- Department of Nephrology, Puyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Puyang, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Shi
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Que M, Li Y, Wang X, Zhan G, Luo X, Zhou Z. Role of astrocytes in sleep deprivation: accomplices, resisters, or bystanders? Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1188306. [PMID: 37435045 PMCID: PMC10330732 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1188306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep plays an essential role in all studied animals with a nervous system. However, sleep deprivation leads to various pathological changes and neurobehavioral problems. Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the brain and are involved in various important functions, including neurotransmitter and ion homeostasis, synaptic and neuronal modulation, and blood-brain barrier maintenance; furthermore, they are associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases, pain, and mood disorders. Moreover, astrocytes are increasingly being recognized as vital contributors to the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, both locally and in specific neural circuits. In this review, we begin by describing the role of astrocytes in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms, focusing on: (i) neuronal activity; (ii) metabolism; (iii) the glymphatic system; (iv) neuroinflammation; and (v) astrocyte-microglia cross-talk. Moreover, we review the role of astrocytes in sleep deprivation comorbidities and sleep deprivation-related brain disorders. Finally, we discuss potential interventions targeting astrocytes to prevent or treat sleep deprivation-related brain disorders. Pursuing these questions would pave the way for a deeper understanding of the cellular and neural mechanisms underlying sleep deprivation-comorbid brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Que
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang S, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Huang J, Zhou Z, Liu Z. A review on pharmacokinetics of sinomenine and its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110227. [PMID: 37119677 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs), with significant effects on morbidity and mortality, are a broad spectrum of disorders featured by body's immune responses being directed against its own tissues, resulting in chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Sinomenine (SIN) is an alkaloid isolated from the root and stem of Sinomenium acutum which is mainly used to treat pain, inflammation and immune disorders for centuries in China. Its potential anti-inflammatory role for treating immune-related disorders in experimental animal models and in some clinical applications have been reported widely, suggesting an inspiring application prospect of SIN. In this review, the pharmacokinetics, drug delivery systems, pharmacological mechanisms of action underlying the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of SIN, and the possibility of SIN as adjuvant to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) therapy were summarized and evaluated. This paper aims to reveal the potential prospects and limitations of SIN in the treatment of inflammatory and immune diseases, and to provide ideas for compensating its limitations and reducing the side effects, and thus to make SIN better translate to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wang
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China; Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghu 433299, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lvzhuo Zhang
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghu 433299, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiangrong Huang
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China; Jingzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Zushan Zhou
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China; Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghu 433299, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China.
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Fu C, Xin H, Qian Z, Li X, Gao J, Fan Y, Tang Y, Shi Y, Li D, Wu H. Sinomenine Protects against Early Brain Injury by Inhibiting Microglial Inflammatory Response via Nrf2-Dependent Pathway after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050716. [PMID: 37239188 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation and sustained inflammation plays an important role in the processes of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Sinomenine (SIN) has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) model. However, the role of SIN in SAH-induced EBI and its latent mechanisms remain unclear. This study was carried out to explore the role of SIN on SAH-induced EBI and its effects on the microglial inflammatory response following SAH. In this study, a model of SAH in rats was established. Modified neurological severity scores (mNSS), encephaledema, and Nissl staining were employed to determine the effects of SIN. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to evaluate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. Nrf2-related downstream proteins, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and quinine oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1), were detected with immunohistochemistry analyses and Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Microglia activation and associated inflammatory factors, factor-kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were assessed after SAH. The results showed that SIN administration improved neurobehavior function, and attenuated neural apoptosis and brain edema after SAH. In addition, SIN inhibited microglial action and the subsequent inflammatory response after SAH through the upregulated expression of HO-1 and NQO-1 via activation of the Nrf2 pathway. These results demonstrated that SIN supplementation provided protection against SAH-induced neuronal apoptosis by microglial inflammatory response regulation and possible involvement of the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjing Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Heng Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zhengting Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Juemin Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Youwu Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Heming Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
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Chiarini A, Gui L, Viviani C, Armato U, Dal Prà I. NLRP3 Inflammasome’s Activation in Acute and Chronic Brain Diseases—An Update on Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives with Respect to Other Inflammasomes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11040999. [PMID: 37189617 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly prevalent acute and chronic human brain diseases are scourges for the elderly. Besides the lack of therapies, these ailments share a neuroinflammation that is triggered/sustained by different innate immunity-related protein oligomers called inflammasomes. Relevant neuroinflammation players such as microglia/monocytes typically exhibit a strong NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Hence the idea that NLRP3 suppression might solve neurodegenerative ailments. Here we review the recent Literature about this topic. First, we update conditions and mechanisms, including RNAs, extracellular vesicles/exosomes, endogenous compounds, and ethnic/pharmacological agents/extracts regulating NLRP3 function. Second, we pinpoint NLRP3-activating mechanisms and known NLRP3 inhibition effects in acute (ischemia, stroke, hemorrhage), chronic (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, MS, ALS), and virus-induced (Zika, SARS-CoV-2, and others) human brain diseases. The available data show that (i) disease-specific divergent mechanisms activate the (mainly animal) brains NLRP3; (ii) no evidence proves that NLRP3 inhibition modifies human brain diseases (yet ad hoc trials are ongoing); and (iii) no findings exclude that concurrently activated other-than-NLRP3 inflammasomes might functionally replace the inhibited NLRP3. Finally, we highlight that among the causes of the persistent lack of therapies are the species difference problem in disease models and a preference for symptomatic over etiologic therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we posit that human neural cell-based disease models could drive etiological, pathogenetic, and therapeutic advances, including NLRP3’s and other inflammasomes’ regulation, while minimizing failure risks in candidate drug trials.
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Ali FE, Ibrahim IM, Ghogar OM, Abd-alhameed EK, Althagafy HS, Hassanein EH. Therapeutic interventions target the NLRP3 inflammasome in ulcerative colitis: Comprehensive study. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1026-1053. [PMID: 36844140 PMCID: PMC9950862 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i6.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the significant health issues in the world is the prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC). UC is a chronic disorder that mainly affects the colon, beginning with the rectum, and can progress from asymptomatic mild inflammation to extensive inflammation of the entire colon. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of UC pathogenesis emphasizes the need for innovative therapeutic approaches based on identifying molecular targets. Interestingly, in response to cellular injury, the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a crucial part of the inflammation and immunological reaction by promoting caspase-1 activation and the release of interleukin-1β. This review discusses the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by various signals and its regulation and impact on UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares E.M Ali
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Islam M. Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ghogar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Esraa K. Abd-alhameed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 12345, Egypt
| | - Hanan S. Althagafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 12345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H.M. Hassanein
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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Chen J, Guo P, Liu X, Liao H, Chen K, Wang Y, Qin J, Yang F. Sinomenine alleviates diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain through inhibition of the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha-X-box binding protein 1 pathway by downregulating prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:364-375. [PMID: 36692011 PMCID: PMC9951574 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We tried to show the effect of sinomenine (SIN) in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) and the related underlying mechanism. METHODS Network pharmacological analysis and bioinformatics analysis were carried out for identification of the active ingredients of Sinomenium acutum and the related genes. The DPNP rat model was constructed and primary rat spinal cord microglial cells were isolated for in vitro cell experiments. The therapeutic role of SIN in DPNP was determined in vivo and in vitro through analysis of microglial cell activation and inflammatory response. RESULTS Therapeutic role of S. acutum in DPNP was mainly achieved by regulating 14 key genes, among which the target gene prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) of SIN might be the key gene. An in vivo experiment showed that SIN inactivated the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha-X-box binding protein 1 pathway by downregulating PTGS2, which relieved pain symptoms in DPNP rats. It was confirmed in vivo that SIN inhibited the pathway through PTGS2 to alleviate the activation of spinal cord microglial cells and inflammatory response. CONCLUSION SIN decreases the expression of PTGS2 to inactivate the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha-X-box binding protein 1 signaling pathway, which inhibits microglial activation, as well as the release of inflammatory factors, thus alleviating DPNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First People's Hospital of HuaihuaHuaihuaChina
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First People's Hospital of HuaihuaHuaihuaChina
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First People's Hospital of HuaihuaHuaihuaChina
| | - Huizhi Liao
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First People's Hospital of HuaihuaHuaihuaChina
| | - Kemin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated HospitalUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated HospitalUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated HospitalUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Fengrui Yang
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First People's Hospital of HuaihuaHuaihuaChina,Department of Anesthesiology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated HospitalUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
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Liao Y, Wang X, Huang L, Qian H, Liu W. Mechanism of pyroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases and its therapeutic potential by traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1122104. [PMID: 36713841 PMCID: PMC9880437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1122104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are disorders characterized by degenerative degeneration of neurons and loss of their function. NDs have a complicated pathophysiology, of which neuroinflammation and neuronal death are significant factors. The inflammatory process known as pyroptosis ("fiery death") is caused by a family of pore-forming proteins called Gasdermins (GSDMs), which appears downstream from the activation of the inflammasome. Clear evidence of enhanced pyroptosis-related proteins activity in common NDs has coincided with abnormal aggregation of pathological proteins (such as Aβ, tau, α-synuclein et al.), making pyroptosis an attractive direction for the recent study of NDs. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms driving pyroptosis, the mechanistic links between pyroptosis and NDs, and emerging therapeutic strategies in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to inhibit pyroptosis for the treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liting Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hu Qian
- Department of Breast Cancer Oncology, Foshan No 1 Hospital, Foshan, China,*Correspondence: Hu Qian, ; Wei Liu,
| | - Wei Liu
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Integrative Cancer Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hu Qian, ; Wei Liu,
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12
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Xiao L, Wang M, Shi Y, Xu Y, Gao Y, Zhang W, Wu Y, Deng H, Pan W, Wang W, Sun H. Secondary White Matter Injury Mediated by Neuroinflammation after Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Promising Therapeutic Strategies of Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:669-686. [PMID: 36043798 PMCID: PMC10207923 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220830115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a neurological disease with high mortality and disability. Recent studies showed that white matter injury (WMI) plays an important role in motor dysfunction after ICH. WMI includes WMI proximal to the lesion and WMI distal to the lesion, such as corticospinal tract injury located at the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord after ICH. Previous studies have tended to focus only on gray matter (GM) injury after ICH, and fewer studies have paid attention to WMI, which may be one of the reasons for the poor outcome of previous drug treatments. Microglia and astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation are significant mechanisms responsible for secondary WMI following ICH. The NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, has been shown to exacerbate neuroinflammation and brain injury after ICH. Moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in microglia and astrocytes and exerts a vital role in microglia and astrocytes-mediated neuroinflammation. We speculate that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is closely related to the polarization of microglia and astrocytes and that NLRP3 inflammasome activation may exacerbate WMI by polarizing microglia and astrocytes to the pro-inflammatory phenotype after ICH, while NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition may attenuate WMI by polarizing microglia and astrocytes to the anti-inflammatory phenotype following ICH. Therefore, NLRP3 inflammasome may act as leveraged regulatory fulcrums for microglia and astrocytes polarization to modulate WMI and WM repair after ICH. This review summarized the possible mechanisms by which neuroinflammation mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome exacerbates secondary WMI after ICH and discussed the potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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Lai WD, Wang S, You WT, Chen SJ, Wen JJ, Yuan CR, Zheng MJ, Jin Y, Yu J, Wen CP. Sinomenine regulates immune cell subsets: Potential neuro-immune intervene for precise treatment of chronic pain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1041006. [PMID: 36619869 PMCID: PMC9813792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1041006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a disease of long-lasting pain with unpleasant feelings mediated by central and (or) peripheral sensitization, its duration usually lasts more than 3 months or longer than the expected recovery time. The patients with chronic pain are manifested with enhanced sensitivity to noxious and non-noxious stimuli. Due to an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms, patients are commonly insensitive to the treatment of first line analgesic medicine in clinic. Thus, the exploration of non-opioid-dependent analgesia are needed. Recent studies have shown that "sinomenine," the main active ingredient in the natural plant "sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. Et Wils," has a powerful inhibitory effect on chronic pain, but its underlying mechanism still needs to be further elucidated. A growing number of studies have shown that various immune cells such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, astrocytes and microglia, accompanied with the relative inflammatory factors and neuropeptides, are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. Notably, the interaction of the immune system and sensory neurons is essential for the development of central and (or) peripheral sensitization, as well as the progression and maintenance of chronic pain. Based on the effects of sinomenine on immune cells and their subsets, this review mainly focused on describing the potential analgesic effects of sinomenine, with rationality of regulating the neuroimmune interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Lai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Ting You
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Si-Jia Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jun Wen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cun-Rui Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Jia Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jie Yu, ; Cheng-Ping Wen,
| | - Cheng-Ping Wen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jie Yu, ; Cheng-Ping Wen,
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14
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Yang X, Xia H, Li Y, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Xia Y, Yue Y, Cheng X, Chu Z. In vitro and Ex vivo Antioxidant Activity and Sustained Release Properties of Sinomenine-Loaded Liposomes-in-Hydrogel Biomaterials Simulating Cells-in-Extracellular Matrix. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221130699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine (SIN), a natural product, has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China for thousands of years. SIN has been developed for the treatment of RA by way of tablets and injections, but both dosage forms have been associated with severe adverse reactions. Making SIN into liposomes-in-hydrogel biomaterials for external use has a good slow-release effect and can play an important role in avoiding the first-pass effect, gastrointestinal reaction, and increasing the local action time of drugs. SIN-loaded liposomes were formed by the thin-film dispersion method, then SIN-loaded liposomes-in-hydrogels were prepared by combining the SIN-L with hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels. In this paper, the basic characteristics, In vitro and Ex vivo release, and antioxidant activity of SIN-loaded liposomes-in-hydrogels were studied. The results showed that SIN-loaded liposomes-in-hydrogels have good sustained-release and antioxidant effects, and the preparation is expected to be a good biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Cheng
- Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- School of life science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxing Chu
- Hefei Yigong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Hong H, Lu X, Lu Q, Huang C, Cui Z. Potential therapeutic effects and pharmacological evidence of sinomenine in central nervous system disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015035. [PMID: 36188580 PMCID: PMC9523510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine is a natural compound extracted from the medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum. Its supplementation has been shown to present benefits in a variety of animal models of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), epilepsy, depression, multiple sclerosis, morphine tolerance, and glioma. Therefore, sinomenine is now considered a potential agent for the prevention and/or treatment of CNS disorders. Mechanistic studies have shown that inhibition of oxidative stress, microglia- or astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis are common mechanisms for the neuroprotective effects of sinomenine. Other mechanisms, including activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), induction of autophagy in response to inhibition of protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), may also mediate the anti-glioma and neuroprotective effects of sinomenine. Sinomenine treatment has also been shown to enhance dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2)-mediated nuclear translocation of αB-crystallin (CRYAB) in astrocytes, thereby suppressing neuroinflammation via inhibition of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). In addition, sinomenine supplementation can suppress N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx and induce γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor-mediated Cl− influx, each of which contributes to the improvement of morphine dependence and sleep disturbance. In this review, we outline the pharmacological effects and possible mechanisms of sinomenine in CNS disorders to advance the development of sinomenine as a new drug for the treatment of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiming Cui,
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Li H, Li Y, Zou J, Yang Y, Han R, Zhang J. Sinomenine Inhibits Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Root Resorption in Rats and Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of PDLSCs. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2949-2965. [PMID: 36090955 PMCID: PMC9462521 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s379468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of sinomenine on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats, as well as the effect of sinomenine on the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Methods Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, 20 mg/kg sinomenine group and 40 mg/kg sinomenine group. Fifty-gram orthodontic force was applied to all groups. Each group was injected intraperitoneally with corresponding concentration of sinomenine every day. After 14 days, all rats were sacrificed. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan was used to analyze tooth movement, root resorption and alveolar bone changes. The effect on periodontal tissue was analyzed by Masson, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and immunohistochemical staining. In vitro, PDLSCs were extracted and identified. The effect of sinomenine on proliferation was determined by cell-counting kit-8. The effect of sinomenine on osteogenesis was investigated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red staining. qPCR and Western blotting were performed to explore the effects of sinomenine on the expression levels of ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Results The tooth movement and root resorption of sinomenine groups were reduced. Sinomenine decreased trabecular spacing on compression side and increased alveolar bone volume and trabecular thickness on tension side. TRAP-positive cells in sinomenine groups decreased significantly. The expressions of TNF-α and RANKL were decreased, while the expressions of OPG, RUNX2 and osteocalcin were up-regulated. In vitro, 0.1 M and 0.5 M sinomenine enhanced ALP activity, mineral deposition and the expression of ALP, RUNX2 and OPG, and reduced the expression of RANKL. Conclusion Sinomenine could inhibit tooth movement, reduce root resorption, and exert a positive effect on bone formation in rats. Moreover, sinomenine promoted the osteogenesis of PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Li
- Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Li
- Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Zou
- Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanran Yang
- Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Han
- Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jun Zhang, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 139 5310 9816, Email
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Cui Y, Yu H, Bu Z, Wen L, Yan L, Feng J. Focus on the Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutics. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:894298. [PMID: 35694441 PMCID: PMC9175009 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.894298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is initiated with an aberrant innate immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) and is involved in many neurological diseases. Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that can be used as platforms to induce the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis, thus playing a pivotal role in neuroinflammation. Among the inflammasomes, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is well-characterized and contributes to many neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and ischemic stroke. MS is a chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS, and its hallmarks include chronic inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Studies have demonstrated a relationship between MS and the NLRP3 inflammasome. To date, the pathogenesis of MS is not fully understood, and clinical studies on novel therapies are still underway. Here, we review the activation mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome, its role in MS, and therapies targeting related molecules, which may be beneficial in MS.
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Sinomenine Attenuates Trimethyltin-Induced Cognitive Decline via Targeting Hippocampal Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1609-1621. [PMID: 35543800 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sinomenine is the main bioactive ingredient of the medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum with neuroprotective potential. This study was designed to assess beneficial effect of sinomenine in alleviation of trimethyltin (TMT)-induced cognitive dysfunction. TMT was administered i.p. (8 mg/kg, once) and sinomenine was daily given p.o. 1 h after TMT for 3 weeks at doses of 25 or 100 mg/kg. Cognitive performance was assessed in various behavioral tests. In addition, oxidative stress- and inflammation-associated factors were measured and histochemical evaluation of the hippocampus was conducted. Sinomenine at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly and partially increased discrimination index in novel object recognition (NOR), improved alternation in short-term Y maze, increased step-through latency in passive avoidance paradigm, and also reduced probe trial errors and latency in the Barnes maze task. Moreover, sinomenine somewhat prevented inappropriate hippocampal changes of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein carbonyl, nitrite, superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL 6), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, beta secretase 1 (BACE 1) activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with no significant effect on glutathione (GSH), catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). In addition, lower reactivity (IRA) for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as an index of astrocyte activity was observed and loss of CA1 pyramidal neurons was attenuated following sinomenine treatment. This study demonstrated that sinomenine could lessen TMT-induced cognitive dysfunction which is partly due to its attenuation of hippocampal oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Tashakori-Miyanroudi M, Ramazi S, Hashemi P, Nazari-Serenjeh M, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Exerts Neuroprotective and Anticonvulsant Effect in Kainate Murine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1224-1233. [PMID: 35320462 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most well-known type of focal epilepsy that is resistant to existing treatments is temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), with seizure foci in various structures including temporal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and subcortex. The most significant processes involved in the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyroptosis. There are evidences indicating that acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyroptotic effects. In the present study, rat model of TLE was induced by intrahippocampal kainate and animals received ALC (100 mg/kg, p.o.). ALC properly attenuated intensity of seizures and also incidence of kainate-induced status epilepticus (SE). As well, obtained findings showed that ALC can partially reverse hippocampal levels of MDA, ROS, SOD, TNFa, NF-kB, TLR4, GFAP, and caspase 1. Besides, treatment of kainate group with ALC exerted a protective effect against CA1 neuronal loss and abnormal mossy fiber sprouting (MFS). Conclusively, these results suggest that ALC is capable to attenuate kainate-induced SE which is somewhat mediated through its lowering of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and pyroptosis that are related to its neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Tashakori-Miyanroudi
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Ramazi
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Bioactive natural products against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: A pharmacokinetics review. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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