1
|
Zhang J, Han M, Wang S, Wu R, Zhao Q, Chen M, Yang Y, Zhang J, Meng X, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Study on the anti-mitochondrial apoptosis mechanism of Erigeron breviscapus injection based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS metabolomics and molecular docking in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117310. [PMID: 37827296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Erigeron breviscapus is a common medicine of eight ethnic minorities, including Miao, Naxi, and Yi. As early as the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368-1644), Lanmao's Materia Medica of Southern Yunnan (AD 1436) recorded that the medicine is used for the treatment of "Zuo tan you huan." In modern pharmacological research, Erigeron breviscapus injection is the most commonly used preparation in the treatment of ischemic stroke caused by acute cerebral infarction, but its mechanism of action in the treatment of ischemic stroke is not well understood. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, a metabonomics study based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) was used in investigating the effect of a traditional Chinese medicine preparation Erigeron breviscapus injection on the rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and the affinity of its main components with the targets of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used molecular docking technology to verify the effective binding ability of main effective components of Erigeron breviscapus injection to target proteins related to mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This study developed a metabonomics method based on the ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC Q-TOF MS) to evaluate the efficacy and study the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine preparation. With pattern recognition analysis (principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminate analysis) of urinary metabolites, a clear separation of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model group and healthy control group was achieved. RESULTS Erigeron breviscapus injection can significantly reduce the area of cerebral infarction, improve tissue morphological lesion in rats, and can increase the number of Nissl bodies. It may be a promoting factor by inhibiting hippocampal nerve cell apoptosis and Bax protein expression and by exerting effects against ischemia reperfusion after the induction of apoptosis. Thus, it plays a role in brain protection. Moreover, it can considerably promote the recovery of neurological deficiency signs in advance. Meanwhile, Erigeron breviscapus decreased malondialdehyde content and T-NOS activity. Its curative effect from strong to weak order: low dose > high dose > medium dose. The representative components of Erigeron breviscapus have good affinity with the active sites of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins. Metabolomics found that the potential biomarkers regulated by breviscapine are kynurequinolinic acid, succinylornithine, and leucine proline. It is speculated that it may participate in TRP-kynurequinolinic acid and succinylornithine-urea cycle-NO metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS This paper revealed the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways regulated by Erigeron breviscapus. It was speculated that the mechanism is related to its inhibition of mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis. Erigeron breviscapus could restore the metabolic profiles of the model animals to normal animal levels. The mechanism may be related to the potential biomarkers of quinolinic acid, succinylornithine, and leucine proline and the metabolic pathways involved. However, the exact mechanism by which Erigeron breviscapus inhibits mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis remains to be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mengtian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, 274015, China
| | - Ruixia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meihua Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yongmao Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Tan Z, Li X, Zhang L, Pei X. RUNX2 promotes gastric cancer progression through the transcriptional activation of MGAT5 and MMP13. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1133476. [PMID: 37256183 PMCID: PMC10226684 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1133476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction RUNX2 is overexpressed in gastric cancer but the mechanism(s) through which it promotes tumor progression remain undefined. Here, we investigated the role of RUNX2 on gastric cancer pathogenesis at the molecular level. Methods The qRT-PCR and western bolt were utilized to examine the mRNA and protein levels. CCK-8, Transwell and wound healing assays were used to measure cell proliferation, invasion and migration. CHIP-PCR gel electrophoresis was used to verify RUNX2 as a transcription factor for MMP13 and MGAT5. The in vivo assay was utilized to assess tumor growth. In vivo assay was used to evaluate tumor growth, aberrant expression of RUNX2 and lung metastasis of gastric cancer. Results RUNX2 is overexpressed in MKN-45 and AGS cells. Genetic RUNX2 silencing reduced the proliferation, invasion and migration of MKN-45 and AGS cells. Analysis of the gastric cancer samples from the database revealed a significant positive correlation between MGAT5, MMP13, and RUNX2 expression. JASPAR analysis revealed that there was a potential binding site of RUNX2 in the promoter regions of MGAT5 and MMP13, and the experimental results confirmed that RUNX2 could regulate the expression of MGAT5 and MMP13 respectively. In vivo assays confirmed the aberrant expression of RUNX2 in mouse models of gastric cancer and reduced growth and lung metastasis in RUNX2 silenced xenograft tumors assessed. Conclusion Collectively, these data reveal that RUNX2 enhances MGAT5 and MMP13 expression in gastric cancer cells and represents a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhibo Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Pei
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng M, Sun J, Peng L, Huang Y, Jiang W, Wu S, Zhou L, Chung SK, Cheng X. Scutellarin acts on the AR-NOX axis to remediate oxidative stress injury in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154214. [PMID: 35689902 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathology of ischemic stroke. Studies have confirmedthat scutellarin has antioxidant effects against ischemic injury, and we also reported that the involvement of Aldose reductase (AR) in oxidative stress and cerebral ischemic injury, in this study we furtherly explicit whether the antioxidant effect of scutellarin on cerebral ischemia injury is related to AR gene regulation and its specific mechanism. METHODS C57BL/6N mice (Wild-type, WT) and AR knockout (AR-/-) mice suffered from transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) injury (1 h occlusion followed by 3 days reperfusion), and scutellarin was administered from 2 h before surgery to 3 days after surgery. Subsequently, neurological function was assessed by the modified Longa score method, the histopathological morphology observed with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) was used to detect the levels of ROS, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in the ischemic penumbra regions. Quantitative proteomics profiling using quantitative nano-HPLC-MS/MS were performed to compare the protein expression difference between AR-/- and WT mice with or without tMCAO injury. The expression of AR, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4) in the ipsilateral side of ischemic brain were detected by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence co-staining with NeuN. RESULTS Scutellarin treatment alleviated brain damage in tMCAO stroke model such as improved neurological function deficit, brain infarct area and neuronal injury and reduced the expression of oxidation-related products, moreover, also down-regulated tMCAO induced AR mRNA and protein expression. In addition, the therapeutic effect of scutellarin on the reduction of cerebral infarction area and neurological function deficits abolished in AR-/- mice under ischemia cerebral injury, which indicated that the effect of scutellarin treatment on tMCAO injury is through regulating AR gene. Proteomic analysis of AR-/- and WT mice indicated AR knockout would affect oxidation reaction even as NADPH related process and activity in mice under cerebral ischemia conditions. Moreover, NOX isoforms (NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4) mRNA and protein expression were significant decreased in neurons of penumbra region in AR-/- mice compared with that in WT mice at 3d after tMCAO injury, which indicated that AR should be the upstream protein regulating NOX after cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSIONS We first reported that AR directly regulates NOX subtypes (not only NOX2 but also NOX1 and NOX4) after cerebral ischaemic injury. Scutellarin specifically targets the AR-NOX axis and has antioxidant effects in mice with cerebral ischaemic injury, providing a theoretical basis and accurate molecular targets for the clinical application of scutellarin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minzhen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lilin Peng
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng L, Xiang R, Fu C, Qu Z, Liu C. The Regulatory effect of chlorogenic acid on gut-brain function and its mechanism: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112831. [PMID: 35303566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a phenolic compound that is widely distributed in honeysuckle, Eucommia, fruits and vegetables. It has various biological functions, including cardiovascular, nerve, kidney, and liver protection, and it exerts a protective effect on human health, according to clinical research and basic research. The intestine and brain are two important organs that are closely related in the human body. The intestine is even called the "second brain" in humans. However, among the many reports in the literature, an article systematically reporting the regulatory effects and specific mechanisms of CGA on the intestines and brain has not been published. In this context, this review uses the regulatory role and mechanism of CGA in the intestine and brain as the starting point and comprehensively reviews CGA metabolism in the body and the regulatory role and mechanism of CGA in the intestine and brain described in recent years. Additionally, the review speculates on the potential biological actions of CGA in the gut-brain axis. This study provides a scientific theory for CGA research in the brain and intestines and promotes the transformation of basic research and the application of CGA in food nutrition and health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Southwest Hunan Research Center of Engineering for Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Rong Xiang
- The Library of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Southwest Hunan Research Center of Engineering for Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China
| | - Zhihao Qu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Changwei Liu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang L, Tao Y, Luo L, Zhang Y, Wang X, Meng X. Dengzhan Xixin injection derived from a traditional Chinese herb Erigeron breviscapus ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via modulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:114988. [PMID: 35032588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.114988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dengzhan Xixin injection (DX), a preparation of extracts from traditional Chinese medicine Erigeron breviscapus (Vaniot) Hand.-Mazz., has been widely used in clinical treatment of cerebral ischemia sequelae in China for a long history. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of DX on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat model. Meanwhile, its underlying molecular mechanisms on mitochondrial protection were further interpreted. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major components of DX were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The model of cerebral I/R injury was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in SD rats. We firstly performed neurobehavioral score, the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) assay, and TTC, HE and Nissl staining for evaluating the effects of DX on I/R injury. And then, the cortical levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined by commercial kits. Whereafter, real time-PCR and transmission electron microscopy were employed to investigate the relative copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and neuronal ultrastructure changes, respectively. Further, the potential interactions of major components in DX with mitophagy/apoptosis-related proteins were predicted by Schrodinger molecular docking. The expression of mitophagy-related proteins LC3, p62, TOM20, PINK1 and Parkin was estimated by western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Furthermore, TUNEL staining and western blot were used to detect the apoptotic phenomenon and the protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Cytochrome c (Cyto-c) and cleaved Caspase-3. RESULTS DX mainly contains scutellarin, 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid. Compared with the model group, DX could remarkably relieve ischemia-provoked neurological deficit, rCBF deficiency and cerebral infarction. Pathological changes and neuronal loss in a MCAO model of rats were memorably ameliorated by DX administration. Meanwhile, DX reduced the surged ROS and MDA, while increased the level of SOD. Notably, DX treatment conversed the collapse of ATP and MMP, along with decreased in the relative copy number of mtDNA, contributing to the maintaining of mitochondrial ultrastructure via the increased number of autophagy lysosomes. The representative ingredients in DX had a potential bind with the active sites of mitophagy/apoptosis-related proteins. DX stimulated the protein expression of LC3, PINK1 and Parkin, while reduced the levels of p62 and TOM20. In addition, DX confined TUNEL-positive cell rate with the decreased expressions of Bax, Cyto-c and cleaved Caspase-3 as well as the increased Bcl-2 level. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the protection of DX against brain ischemia could attribute to alleviating mitochondrial damage by upregulating mitophagy and inhibiting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Liuling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion of 18 Elements of Tibetan Medicine Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:4508533. [PMID: 34992664 PMCID: PMC8727113 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4508533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine 18 elements in Tibetan medicine Qishiwei Zhenzhu pills (QSW) and their absorption, distribution, and excretion in rats with cerebral ischemia. Microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to determine 18 elements of QSW in simulated gastrointestinal (GI) juice. Rats were given QSW (66.68 mg/kg) followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Sham rats received saline and were not subjected to MCAO. ICP-MS was applied to determine the content of 18 elements in hepatic venous blood, abdominal aortic blood, brain, liver, kidney, hair, urine, and feces 24 h after MCAO. In vitro results showed that the extraction rate of Mn, Cu, Sr, Pb, Au, and Hg of QSW in gastric juice (1 h) was higher than that in water, and the contents of Cu, Au, Sr, and As were higher in intestinal juice (4 h) than in water. In vivo results showed that the contents of elements in the blood were quite low, and QSW increased Ni, Cr, Sr, Co, and V in artery blood and decreased V in venous blood. Elements in the tissues were also low, and QSW increased brain Li but decreased Cr and Cd; QSW increased kidney Ag and Cs and liver Mn but decreased liver Ni. QSW increased urinary excretion of Li, Sr, Hg, Cs, and V; QSW increased Hg content in hair but decreased Ni. Stool is the main excretion pathway of the elements in QSW, with Ba, Mn, Sr, Cd, V, Cu, Cs, Li, Pb, Ag, Hg, Cr, As, and Co the highest. In summary, this study examined the distribution of 18 elements in QSW-treated MCAO rats. The accumulation of these elements in blood and tissues was extremely low, and the majority was excreted in feces within 24 h, highlighting the importance of the gut-microbiota-brain axis in QSW-mediated brain protection.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tian C, Shao Y, Jin Z, Liang Y, Li C, Qu C, Sun S, Cui C, Liu M. The protective effect of rutin against lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury in mice based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic combination model. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114480. [PMID: 34839052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rutin is a flavonoid compound with many pharmacological activities, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection. However, there are great limitations in clinical application in view of its poor solubility and slow absorption in vivo. In this study, a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynomic model was adopted to study the correlation of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynomics of rutin in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury mice. Rutin was intragastrically administered continuously for 5 days at a dose of 200 mg/kg/d, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indicators were measured every day after administration, including the blood concentration of rutin, the W/D ratio of lungs, the nitric oxide content and the expression levels of TLR4, TRAF6, IκB and P-IκB proteins. The results indicated that rutin can exert an anti-inflammatory protective effect by improving lung tissue injury, significantly decreasing the synthesis of the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide, and inhibiting the protein expression levels of TLR4, TRAF6 and P-IκB. The absorption of rutin conformed to a one-compartment model with the pharmacokinetic parameters as follows: t1/2α= 9.76 h, t1/2β= 19.44 h, Tmax= 24.00 h, Cmax= 22.65 μg/ml and AUC(0-t)= 518.58 μg/ml·h. A PK-PD combination model was established to fit the optimal administration time of rutin with a one-compartment-Sigmod Emax model connected to the effect site. Meanwhile,the PK-PD combination model was a better approach for evaluating the relationships between the five pharmacodynamic indicators and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of rutin. The correlation between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rutin was quantitatively analysed to provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of new anti-inflammatory drugs in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist. 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, 264005 Yantai Shangdong Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist. 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaodong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist. 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist. 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Chongyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist. 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist. 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist. 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Cancan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist. 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist. 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu R, Liang Y, Xu M, Fu K, Zhang Y, Wu L, Wang Z. Advances in Chemical Constituents, Clinical Applications, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology of Erigeron breviscapus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:656335. [PMID: 34539390 PMCID: PMC8443777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.656335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengzhanxixin (DZXX), the dried whole plant of Erigeron breviscapus (Vaniot) Hand.-Mazz., belonging to Compositae and first published in Materia Medica of South Yunnan by Lan Mao in the Ming Dynasty (1368 AD–1644 AD), is included in Medicinal Materials and Decoction Pieces of the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopeia of the People’s Republic of China. Its main chemical components are flavonoids that mainly include flavonoid, flavonols, dihydroflavones, flavonol glycosides, flavonoid glycosides, coffee acyl compounds, and other substances, such as volatile oil compounds, coumarins, aromatic acids, pentacyclic terpenoids, phytosterols, and xanthones. Among them, scutellarin and 1,5-dicoffeoylquininic acid are the main active components of DZXX. DZXX has pharmacological effects, such as improving cerebral and cerebrovascular ischemia, increasing blood flow, inhibiting platelet aggregation, promoting antithrombotic formation, improving microcirculation, reducing blood viscosity, protecting optic nerves, exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties, scavenging free radicals, and eliciting antioxidant activities. It is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ischemic diseases, kidney diseases, liver diseases, diabetic complications, and glaucoma. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that the active components of DZXX have a low bioavailability and a high elimination rate in vivo. Nevertheless, its utilization can be improved through liposome preparation and combination with other drugs. Acute and subacute toxicity studies have shown that DZXX is a safe medicinal material widely used in clinical settings. However, its target and drug action mechanism are unclear because of the complexity of its composition. In this paper, the clinical application and pharmacological toxicology of DZXX are reviewed to provide a reference for further studying its active components and action mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangliu Zhang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu G, Liang Y, Xu M, Sun M, Sun W, Zhou Y, Huang X, Song W, Liang Y, Wang Z. Protective mechanism of Erigeron breviscapus injection on blood-brain barrier injury induced by cerebral ischemia in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18451. [PMID: 34531475 PMCID: PMC8446017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the protective effect of Erigeron breviscapus injection, a classic traditional Chinese medicine most typically used by Chinese minority to treat stroke, on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and the related signaling pathways. Use network pharmacology methods to study the relationship between E. breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. and ischemic stroke, predict the mechanism and active ingredients of E. breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. in improving ischemic stroke disease. We study the protective effect of E. breviscapus injection on blood-brain barrier (BBB) injuries induced by cerebral ischemia in rats by regulating the ROS/RNS-MMPs-TJs signaling pathway. The rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury has been prepared using the wire-suppository method. Firstly, the efficacy of E. breviscapus injection, Scutellarin and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in protecting BBB injury caused by cerebral ischemia has been evaluated. Secondly, the following two methods have been used to study the mechanism of E. breviscapus injection in regulating the ROS/RNS-MMPS-TJS signaling pathway: real-time PCR and western blot for the determination of iNOS, MMP-9, claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1 mRNA and protein expression in brain tissue. We find that PI3K-Akt signaling pathway predicted by network pharmaology affects the blood-brain barrier function, so we chose the blood-brain barrier-related MMP-9, claudin-5, iNOS, occludin and ZO-1 proteins are used for research. The results of our research show that 3 drugs can reduce the rate of cerebral infarction in rats, relieve the abnormal neuroethology of rats, reduce the degree of brain tissue lesion, increase the number of the Nissl corpuscle cells and repair the neuron ultrastructure in injured rats. At the same time, it can obviously reduce the ultrastructure damage of the BBB in rats. All three drugs significantly reduced the content of Evans blue in the ischemic brain tissue caused by cerebral ischemia in rats with BBB injury. In addition, E. breviscapus injection, Scutellarin and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid can decrease the protein expression of iNOS and MMP-9 in rat ischemic brain tissue. In addition, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid can increase the protein expression of claudin-5. We conclude that E. breviscapus injection, Scutellarin and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid have obvious therapeutic effects on BBB and neuron injury induced by cerebral ischemia in rats. Our results from studying the mechanism of action show that E. breviscapus injection and Scutellarin inhibited the activation of MMP-9 by inhibiting the synthesis of iNOS, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid inhibits the expression and activation of MMP-9 by inhibiting the activation of iNOS and reducing the generation of free radicals, thus reducing the degradation of important cytoskeleton connexin claudin-5 in the tight junction (TJ) structure by inhibiting the expression and activation of MMP-9. Finally BBB structure integrity was protected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
- Hospital Pharmaceutical Department, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Weijun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - You Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjie Song
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu J, Sainulabdeen A, Akers K, Adi V, Sims JR, Yarsky E, Yan Y, Yu Y, Ishikawa H, Leung CK, Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Wei W, Chan KC. Oral Scutellarin Treatment Ameliorates Retinal Thinning and Visual Deficits in Experimental Glaucoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:681169. [PMID: 34414202 PMCID: PMC8369066 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.681169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, yet glaucoma can continue to progress despite controlled IOP. Thus, development of glaucoma neurotherapeutics remains an unmet need. Scutellarin is a flavonoid that can exert neuroprotective effects in the eye and brain. Here, we investigated the neurobehavioral effects of scutellarin treatment in a chronic IOP elevation model. Methods: Ten adult C57BL/6J mice were unilaterally injected with an optically clear hydrogel into the anterior chamber to obstruct aqueous outflow and induce chronic IOP elevation. Eight other mice received unilateral intracameral injection of phosphate-buffered saline only. Another eight mice with hydrogel-induced unilateral chronic IOP elevation also received daily oral gavage of 300 mg/kg scutellarin. Tonometry, optical coherence tomography, and optokinetics were performed longitudinally for 4 weeks to monitor the IOP, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, total retinal thickness, visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity of both eyes in all three groups. Results: Intracameral hydrogel injection resulted in unilateral chronic IOP elevation with no significant inter-eye IOP difference between scutellarin treatment and untreated groups. Upon scutellarin treatment, the hydrogel-injected eyes showed less retinal thinning and reduced visual behavioral deficits when compared to the untreated, hydrogel-injected eyes. No significant difference in retinal thickness or optokinetic measures was found in the contralateral, non-treated eyes over time or between all groups. Conclusion: Using the non-invasive measuring platform, oral scutellarin treatment appeared to preserve retinal structure and visual function upon chronic IOP elevation in mice. Scutellarin may be a novel neurotherapeutic agent for glaucoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anoop Sainulabdeen
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States,Department of Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, India
| | - Krystal Akers
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vishnu Adi
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Sims
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eva Yarsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yu Yu
- Pleryon Therapeutics Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher K. Leung
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, University Eye Center, Hong Kong, China,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joel S. Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United States,Center for Neural Science, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States,Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Wenbin Wei
| | - Kevin C. Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United States,Center for Neural Science, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States,Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States,Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Kevin C. Chan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fan H, Lin P, Kang Q, Zhao ZL, Wang J, Cheng JY. Metabolism and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Active Ingredients in Erigeron breviscapus. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22:24-39. [PMID: 33334284 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201217093255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. is a plant species in the Compositae family. More than ten types of compounds-such as flavonoids, caffeinate esters, and volatile oils-have been identified in Erigeron breviscapus; however, it remains unknown as to which compounds are associated with clinical efficacy. In recent years, flavonoids and phenolic acids have been considered as the main effective components of Erigeron breviscapus. The metabolism and mechanisms of these compounds in vivo have been extensively studied to improve our understanding of the drug. METHODS In the present review, we summarize the relationships among these compounds, their metabolites, and their pharmacodynamics. Many methods have been implemented to improve the separation and bioavailability of these compounds from Erigeron breviscapus. RESULTS In China, Erigeron breviscapus has been used for many years. In recent years, through the study of its metabolism and the mechanisms of its effective components, the effects of Erigeron breviscapus in the treatment of various diseases have been extensively studied. Findings have indicated that Erigeron breviscapus improves cardiovascular and cerebrovascular function and that one of its ingredients, scutellarin, has potential value in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, cancer, diabetic vascular complications, and other conditions. In addition, phenolic acid compounds and their metabolites also play an important role in anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and improving blood lipids. CONCLUSION Erigeron breviscapus plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular/ cerebrovascular diseases, neuroprotection, and cancer through many different mechanisms of action. Further investigation of its efficacious components and metabolites may provide more possibilities for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine and the development of novel drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fan
- Liaoning Inspection, Examination & Certification Centre, Shenyang110036, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Liaoning Inspection, Examination & Certification Centre, Shenyang110036, China
| | - Qiang Kang
- Liaoning Inspection, Examination & Certification Centre, Shenyang110036, China
| | - Zhi-Long Zhao
- Liaoning Inspection, Examination & Certification Centre, Shenyang110036, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Liaoning Inspection, Examination & Certification Centre, Shenyang110036, China
| | - Jia-Yi Cheng
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang110847, China
| |
Collapse
|