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Liu YM, Wu AD, Chen Y, Ma TF, Dong BZ, She ZG, Yi ML, Mao WM. Gastrodin inhibits prostate cancer proliferation by targeting canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Med Oncol 2023; 41:32. [PMID: 38150063 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is an epithelial malignant tumor occurring in the prostate and is the most common malignant tumor in the male genitourinary system. In recent years, the incidence of prostate cancer in China has shown a trend of sudden increase. The search for new and effective drugs to treat prostate cancer is therefore extremely important.The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been shown to be involved in the regulation of tumor proliferation, migration and differentiation. Activation of the canonical Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in the prostate has oncogenic effects. Drugs targeting the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway have great potential in the treatment of prostate cancer. In this study, we found that Gastrodin could significantly inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cell line PC3 and DU145. Oral administration Gastrodin could significantly inhibit the tumor growth of PC3 cells subcutaneously injected. Gastrodin has an inhibitory effect on canonical Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in Prostate cancer, and this inhibitory effect can be abolished by Wnt/β-Catenin agonist LiCl. These findings raise the possibility that Gastrodin can be used in the treatment of Prostate cancer by targeting canonical Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Mao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, 438000, China
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - An-Ding Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, 126 Qi 'an avenue, Huangzhou District, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Clinical Trial Centers, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Teng-Fei Ma
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Bi-Zhen Dong
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Mao-Lin Yi
- Surgery of Mammary Gland and Thyroid Gland, Huanggang Central Hospital, 126 Qi 'an avenue, Huangzhou District, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Wei-Ming Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, 126 Qi 'an avenue, Huangzhou District, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, China.
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2
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Liu RH, Ma TF, Yang Q, Xiao WC, Yin L, Yin M, Zhang JS, Wang CH. Salidroside suppresses proliferation and migration in prostate cancer via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Cancer Biomark 2023; 38:321-332. [PMID: 37545219 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-220454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men. PCa is difficult to detect in its early stages, and most patients are diagnosed in the middle to late stages. At present, drug therapy for advanced PCa is still insufficient. Some patients develop drug resistance in the later stage of therapy, which leads to tumor recurrence, metastasis and even treatment failure. Therefore, it is crucial to find new and effective drugs to treat prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effect of salidroside, an active ingredient in a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on PCa. METHODS Two human PCa cell lines, PC3 and DU145, were cultured and treated with salidroside. Cell viability and proliferation ability were analyzed through CCK-8 and colony assays, and cell migration ability was detected by Transwell and Scratch assays. RT-PCR and WB were used to detected the expression levels of moleculars related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and AKT signaling pathway. Forthmore, we performed rescue experiments with agonist to verify the affected signaling pathway. RESULTS Salidroside inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of PCa cells. Meanwhile, apoptosis of PCa cells was enhanced. Moreover, salidroside inhibited PI3K/AKT pathway in PCa cells. The treatment of AKT agonist 740Y-P abrogated the inhibitory effect of salidroside on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that in PCa cells, salidroside inhibites proliferation and migration and promots apoptosis via inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Han Liu
- Department of combine traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China
- Department of combine traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Teng-Fei Ma
- Department of Neurology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, Hubei, China
- Department of combine traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Chang Xiao
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Miao Yin
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Chi-Hua Wang
- Huanggang Disease Control Center, Huanggang, Hubei, China
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3
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Seif F, Sharifi L, Khoshmirsafa M, Mojibi Y, Mohsenzadegan M. A Review of Preclinical Experiments Toward Targeting M2 Macrophages in Prostate Cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:789-798. [PMID: 30674255 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190123141553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is malignant cancer leading to high mortality in the male population. The existence of suppressive cells referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) is a major obstacle in prostate cancer immunotherapy. TAMs contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment that promotes tumor growth and metastasis. In fact, they are main regulators of the complicated interactions between tumor and surrounding microenvironment. M2 macrophages, as a type of TAMs, are involved in the growth and progression of prostate cancer. Recently, they have gained remarkable importance as therapeutic candidates for solid tumors. In this review, we will discuss the roles of M2 macrophages and worth of their potential targeting in prostate cancer treatment. In the following, we will introduce important factors resulting in M2 macrophage promotion and also experimental therapeutic agents that may cause the inhibition of prostate cancer tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Seif
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Sharifi
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Khoshmirsafa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Mojibi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Comito G, Pons Segura C, Taddei ML, Lanciotti M, Serni S, Morandi A, Chiarugi P, Giannoni E. Zoledronic acid impairs stromal reactivity by inhibiting M2-macrophages polarization and prostate cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncotarget 2018; 8:118-132. [PMID: 27223431 PMCID: PMC5352046 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZA) is a biphosphonate used for osteoporosis treatment and also proved to be effective to reduce the pain induced by bone metastases when used as adjuvant therapy in solid cancers. However, it has been recently proposed that ZA could have direct anti-tumour effects, although the molecular mechanism is unknown. We herein unravel a novel anti-tumour activity of ZA in prostate cancer (PCa), by targeting the pro-tumorigenic properties of both stromal and immune cells. Particularly, we demonstrate that ZA impairs PCa-induced M2-macrophages polarization, reducing their pro-invasive effect on tumour cells and their pro-angiogenic features. Crucially, ZA administration reverts cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) activation by targeting the mevalonate pathway and RhoA geranyl-geranylation, thereby impairing smooth muscle actin-α fibers organization, a prerequisite of fibroblast activation. Moreover, ZA prevents the M2 macrophages-mediated activation of normal fibroblast, highlighting the broad efficacy of this drug on tumour microenvironment. These results are confirmed in a metastatic xenograft PCa mouse model in which ZA-induced stromal normalization impairs cancer-stromal cells crosstalk, resulting in a significant reduction of primary tumour growth and metastases. Overall these findings reinforce the efficacy of ZA as a potential therapeutic approach to reduce cancer aggressiveness, by abrogating the supportive role of tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Comito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Coral Pons Segura
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Lanciotti
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Urologic Clinic San Luca, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Serni
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Urologic Clinic San Luca, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.,Tuscany Tumor Institute and "Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE", 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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5
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Hafeez BB, Ganju A, Sikander M, Kashyap VK, Hafeez ZB, Chauhan N, Malik S, Massey AE, Tripathi MK, Halaweish FT, Zafar N, Singh MM, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC, Jaggi M. Ormeloxifene Suppresses Prostate Tumor Growth and Metastatic Phenotypes via Inhibition of Oncogenic β-catenin Signaling and EMT Progression. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2267-2280. [PMID: 28615299 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ormeloxifene is a clinically approved selective estrogen receptor modulator, which has also shown excellent anticancer activity, thus it can be an ideal repurposing pharmacophore. Herein, we report therapeutic effects of ormeloxifene on prostate cancer and elucidate a novel molecular mechanism of its anticancer activity. Ormeloxifene treatment inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process as evident by repression of N-cadherin, Slug, Snail, vimentin, MMPs (MMP2 and MMP3), β-catenin/TCF-4 transcriptional activity, and induced the expression of pGSK3β. In molecular docking analysis, ormeloxifene showed proficient docking with β-catenin and GSK3β. In addition, ormeloxifene induced apoptosis, inhibited growth and metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells and arrested cell cycle in G0-G1 phase via modulation of cell-cycle regulatory proteins (inhibition of Mcl-1, cyclin D1, and CDK4 and induction of p21 and p27). In functional assays, ormeloxifene remarkably reduced tumorigenic, migratory, and invasive potential of prostate cancer cells. In addition, ormeloxifene treatment significantly (P < 0.01) regressed the prostate tumor growth in the xenograft mouse model while administered through intraperitoneal route (250 μg/mouse, three times a week). These molecular effects of ormeloxifene were also observed in excised tumor tissues as shown by immunohistochemistry analysis. Our results, for the first time, demonstrate repurposing potential of ormeloxifene as an anticancer drug for the treatment of advanced stage metastatic prostate cancer through a novel molecular mechanism involving β-catenin and EMT pathway. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2267-80. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Bin Hafeez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Aditya Ganju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mohammed Sikander
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Vivek K Kashyap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Zubair Bin Hafeez
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Shabnam Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Andrew E Massey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Manish K Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Nadeem Zafar
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Man M Singh
- Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, Tennessee.
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6
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Hu M, Peng S, He Y, Qin M, Cong X, Xing Y, Liu M, Yi Z. Lycorine is a novel inhibitor of the growth and metastasis of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15348-61. [PMID: 25915156 PMCID: PMC4558156 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycorine, a natural alkaloid extracted from the Amaryllidaceae plant family, has been reported to exhibit a wide range of physiological effects, including the potential effect against cancer. However, the anti-prostate cancer (PCa) efficacy of Lycorine remains unrevealed. In this context, we figured out Lycorine's anti-proliferative and anti-migratory properties for PCa treatment. Lycorine inhibited proliferation of various PCa cell lines, induced cell apoptosis and cell death. Here we showed that Lycorine decreased proliferation, migration, invasion, survival and EMT of prostate cancer cell lines. Subcutaneous and orthotopic xenotransplantations by ectopic implantation of the human hormone-refractory PC-3M-luc cells were used to confirm in vivo anticancer effects of Lycorine. Lycorine inhibited both growth and metastasis in multiple organs (liver, lung, kidney, spleen and bone) in vivo and improved mice survival. Lycorine prevented EGF-induced JAK/STAT signaling. Importantly, anti-cancer effects of Lycorine were dependent on STAT expression. We suggest that Lycorine is a potential therapeutic in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shihong Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yundong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaonan Cong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yajing Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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7
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Ding X, Yang DR, Lee SO, Chen YL, Xia L, Lin SJ, Yu S, Niu YJ, Li G, Chang C. TR4 nuclear receptor promotes prostate cancer metastasis via upregulation of CCL2/CCR2 signaling. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:955-64. [PMID: 24975468 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) plays protective roles against oxidative stress and DNA damage and might contribute to aging. Our recent clinical tumor tissue staining results showed higher expression of TR4 in prostate cancer (PCa) patients with high Gleason scores compared to the tissues with the low Gleason scores. In vitro migration/invasion assays after manipulation of the TR4 expression in PCa cells showed that TR4 promoted PCa cells migration/invasion. Mechanism dissection found that the CCL2/CCR2 signal plays the key role in the mediation of TR4-promoted PCa cells migration/invasion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and Luciferase assays further confirmed TR4 modulation of CCL2 at the transcriptional level and addition of the CCR2 antagonist led to interruption of the TR4-enhanced PCa cells migration/invasion. Finally, the orthotopic xenografted mice studies using the luciferase expressing CWR22Rv1 cells found that TR4 enhanced PCa metastasis and this increased metastasis was reversed when the CCR2 antagonist was injected into the mice. Together, these in vitro and in vivo results revealed a positive role of TR4 in PCa metastasis and demonstrated CCL2/CCR2 signaling as an important mediator in exerting TR4 action. This finding suggests that TR4 may represent a biomarker related to PCa metastasis and targeting the TR4-CCL2/CCR2 axis may become a new therapeutic approach to battle PCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfan Ding
- Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejang University, Hangzhou, China; George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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8
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Wang X, Lee SO, Xia S, Jiang Q, Luo J, Li L, Yeh S, Chang C. Endothelial cells enhance prostate cancer metastasis via IL-6→androgen receptor→TGF-β→MMP-9 signals. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1026-37. [PMID: 23536722 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the potential roles of endothelial cells in the microvascules of prostate cancer during angiogenesis have been documented, their direct impacts on the prostate cancer metastasis remain unclear. We found that the CD31-positive and CD34-positive endothelial cells are increased in prostate cancer compared with the normal tissues and that these endothelial cells were decreased upon castration, gradually recovered with time, and increased after prostate cancer progressed into the castration-resistant stage, suggesting a potential linkage of these endothelial cells with androgen deprivation therapy. The in vitro invasion assays showed that the coculture of endothelial cells with prostate cancer cells significantly enhanced the invasion ability of the prostate cancer cells. Mechanism dissection found that coculture of prostate cancer cells with endothelial cells led to increased interleukin (IL)-6 secretion from endothelial cells, which may result in downregulation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer cells and then the activation of TGF-β/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) signaling. The consequences of the IL-6→AR→TGFβ→MMP-9 signaling pathway might then trigger the increased invasion of prostate cancer cells. Blocking the IL-6→AR→TGFβ→MMP-9 signaling pathway either by IL-6 antibody, AR-siRNA, or TGF-β1 inhibitor all interrupted the ability of endothelial cells to influence prostate cancer invasion. These results, for the first time, revealed the important roles of endothelial cells within the prostate cancer microenvironment to promote the prostate cancer metastasis and provide new potential targets of IL-6→AR→TGFβ→MMP-9 signals to battle the prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohai Wang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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9
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Zhang K, Waxman DJ. PC3 prostate tumor-initiating cells with molecular profile FAM65Bhigh/MFI2low/LEF1low increase tumor angiogenesis. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:319. [PMID: 21190562 PMCID: PMC3024252 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem-like cells are proposed to sustain solid tumors by virtue of their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation to cells that comprise the bulk of the tumor, and have been identified for a variety of cancers based on characteristic clonal morphologies and patterns of marker gene expression. METHODS Single cell cloning and spheroid culture studies were used to identify a population of cancer stem-like cells in the androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line PC3. RESULTS We demonstrate that, under standard culture conditions, ~10% of PC3 cells form holoclones with cancer stem cell characteristics. These holoclones display high self-renewal capability in spheroid formation assays under low attachment and serum-free culture conditions, retain their holoclone morphology when passaged at high cell density, exhibit moderate drug resistance, and show high tumorigenicity in scid immunodeficient mice. PC3 holoclones readily form spheres, and PC3-derived spheres yield a high percentage of holoclones, further supporting their cancer stem cell-like nature. We identified one gene, FAM65B, whose expression is consistently up regulated in PC3 holoclones compared to paraclones, the major cell morphology in the parental PC3 cell population, and two genes, MFI2 and LEF1, that are consistently down regulated. This molecular profile, FAM65Bhigh/MFI2low/LEF1low, also characterizes spheres generated from parental PC3 cells. The PC3 holoclones did not show significant enriched expression of the putative prostate cancer stem cell markers CD44 and integrin α2β1. PC3 tumors seeded with holoclones showed dramatic down regulation of FAM65B and dramatic up regulation of MFI2 and LEF1, and unexpectedly, a marked increase in tumor vascularity compared to parental PC3 tumors, suggesting a role of cancer stem cells in tumor angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the proposal that PC3 tumors are sustained by a small number of tumor-initiating cells with stem-like characteristics, including strong self-renewal and pro-angiogenic capability and marked by the expression pattern FAM65Bhigh/MFI2low/LEF1low. These markers may serve as targets for therapies designed to eliminate cancer stem cell populations associated with aggressive, androgen-independent prostate tumors such as PC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexiong Zhang
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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10
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Hao J, Chen H, Madigan MC, Cozzi PJ, Beretov J, Xiao W, Delprado WJ, Russell PJ, Li Y. Co-expression of CD147 (EMMPRIN), CD44v3-10, MDR1 and monocarboxylate transporters is associated with prostate cancer drug resistance and progression. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:1008-18. [PMID: 20736947 PMCID: PMC2965856 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to seek an association between markers of metastatic potential, drug resistance-related protein and monocarboxylate transporters in prostate cancer (CaP). Methods: We evaluated the expression of invasive markers (CD147, CD44v3-10), drug-resistance protein (MDR1) and monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4) in CaP metastatic cell lines and CaP tissue microarrays (n=140) by immunostaining. The co-expression of CD147 and CD44v3-10 with that of MDR1, MCT1 and MCT4 in CaP cell lines was evaluated using confocal microscopy. The relationship between the expression of CD147 and CD44v3-10 and the sensitivity (IC50) to docetaxel in CaP cell lines was assessed using MTT assay. The relationship between expression of CD44v3-10, MDR1 and MCT4 and various clinicopathological CaP progression parameters was examined. Results: CD147 and CD44v3-10 were co-expressed with MDR1, MCT1 and MCT4 in primary and metastatic CaP cells. Both CD147 and CD44v3-10 expression levels were inversely related to docetaxel sensitivity (IC50) in metastatic CaP cell lines. Overexpression of CD44v3-10, MDR1 and MCT4 was found in most primary CaP tissues, and was significantly associated with CaP progression. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the overexpression of CD147, CD44v3-10, MDR1 and MCT4 is associated with CaP progression. Expression of both CD147 and CD44v3-10 is correlated with drug resistance during CaP metastasis and could be a useful potential therapeutic target in advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hao
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
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11
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Aziz MH, Dreckschmidt NE, Verma AK. Plumbagin, a medicinal plant-derived naphthoquinone, is a novel inhibitor of the growth and invasion of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2008; 68:9024-32. [PMID: 18974148 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Hormone-refractory invasive PCa is the end stage and accounts for the majority of PCa patient deaths. We present here that plumbagin (PL), a quinoid constituent isolated from the root of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L., may be a potential novel agent in the control of hormone-refractory PCa. Specific observations are the findings that PL inhibited PCa cell invasion and selectively induced apoptosis in PCa cells but not in immortalized nontumorigenic prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells. In addition, i.p. administration of PL (2 mg/kg body weight), beginning 3 days after ectopic implantation of hormone-refractory DU145 PCa cells, delayed tumor growth by 3 weeks and reduced both tumor weight and volume by 90%. Discontinuation of PL treatment in PL-treated mice for as long as 4 weeks did not result in progression of tumor growth. PL, at concentrations as low as 5 micromol/L, inhibited in both cultured PCa cells and DU145 xenografts (a) the expression of protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCepsilon), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phosphorylated AKT, phosphorylated Janus-activated kinase-2, and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3); (b) the DNA-binding activity of transcription factors activator protein-1, nuclear factor-kappaB, and Stat3; and (c) Bcl-xL, cdc25A, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. The results indicate for the first time, using both in vitro and in vivo preclinical models, that PL inhibits the growth and invasion of PCa. PL inhibits multiple molecular targets including PKCepsilon, a predictive biomarker of PCa aggressiveness. PL may be a novel agent for therapy of hormone-refractory PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moammir H Aziz
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
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12
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Tsagozis P, Eriksson F, Pisa P. Zoledronic acid modulates antitumoral responses of prostate cancer-tumor associated macrophages. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:1451-9. [PMID: 18297280 PMCID: PMC11030129 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are considered a key component of the immunosuppressive environment present in solid tumors, where they support tumor growth through the production of pro-angiogenic factors and active suppression of effector immune responses. Zoledronic acid (ZA), an aminobisphosphonate clinically approved for treatment of symptomatic skeletal events, has recently been shown to have immunomodulatory properties that can be exploited in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we utilize an in vitro model of prostate cancer cell-macrophage interaction to dissect the effect of ZA, on the function of prostate cancer tumor-associated macrophages (PC-TAM). We show that prostate cancer cells recruit macrophages, which in turn express a variety of proangiogenic and immunosuppressive mediators. ZA selectively suppressed the expression of MMP-9 by PC-TAM, whereas the expression of other mediators was not limited. PC-TAM treated with ZA, on the other hand, could effectively drive the proliferation of activated Tgammadelta lymphocytes, which lysed bisphosphonate-pulsed prostate cancer cells. Moreover, ZA boosted the production of type-1 cytokines by PC-TAM in response to immunomodulators such as IL-12 and polyI:C, which are known to polarize macrophages towards an anti-tumoral M1 phenotype. Overall, we provide evidence that ZA shifts the balance of PC-TAM from a tumor promoting to a tumor-eliminating phenotype and also suggest a potential use of this pharmacological agent as an immunotherapeutic adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Tsagozis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Eriksson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pavel Pisa
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yang W, Luo D, Wang S, Wang R, Chen R, Liu Y, Zhu T, Ma X, Liu R, Xu G, Meng L, Lu Y, Zhou J, Ma D. TMTP1, a Novel Tumor-Homing Peptide Specifically Targeting Metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:5494-502. [PMID: 18765541 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanhua Yang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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