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Regoni M, Valtorta F, Sassone J. Dopaminergic neuronal death via necroptosis in Parkinson's disease: A review of the literature. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1079-1098. [PMID: 37667848 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dysfunction and loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Several pathways of programmed cell death are likely to play a role in dopaminergic neuron death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, as well as cell death associated with proteasomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying dopaminergic neuron death could inform the design of drugs that promote neuron survival. Necroptosis is a recently characterized regulated cell death mechanism that exhibits morphological features common to both apoptosis and necrosis. It requires activation of an intracellular pathway involving receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1 kinase, RIPK1), receptor-interacting protein 3 kinase (RIP3 kinase, RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL). The potential involvement of this programmed cell death pathway in the pathogenesis of PD has been studied by analysing biomarkers for necroptosis, such as the levels and oligomerization of phosphorylated RIPK3 (pRIPK3) and phosphorylated MLKL (pMLKL), in several PD preclinical models and in PD human tissue. Although there is evidence that other types of cell death also have a role in DA neuron death, most studies support the hypothesis that this cell death mechanism is activated in PD tissues. Drugs that prevent or reduce necroptosis may provide neuroprotection for PD. In this review, we summarize the findings from these studies. We also discuss how manipulating necroptosis might open a novel therapeutic approach to reduce neuronal degeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Regoni
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Jenny Sassone
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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2
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Rani AQ, Nurmemet D, Liffick J, Khan A, Mitchell D, Li J, Zhao B, Liu X. Conditional Cell Reprogramming and Air-Liquid Interface Modeling Life Cycle of Oncogenic Viruses (HPV and EBV) in Epithelial Cells and Virus-Associated Human Carcinomas. Viruses 2023; 15:1388. [PMID: 37376685 DOI: 10.3390/v15061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several oncogenic viruses are associated with approximately 20% of human cancers. Experimental models are crucial for studying the pathogenicity and biological aspects of oncogenic viruses and their potential mechanisms in tumorigenesis. Current cell models have considerable limitations such as: their low yield, genetic and epigenetic modification, and reduction in tumor heterogeneity during long propagation. Cancer cell lines are limited and not appropriate for studying the viral life cycle, for example, natural viral life cycles of HPV and EBV, and their persistence and latency in epithelial cells are poorly understood, since these processes are highly related to epithelial differentiation. Therefore, there is an urgent need of reliable human physiological cell models to study viral life cycle and cancer initiation. Conditional cell reprogramming (CCR) is a rapid and robust cell culture system, where the cells can be established from minimally invasive or noninvasive specimens and their lineage functions preserved during the long-term culture. These CR cells retain their ability to differentiate at air-liquid interface (ALI). Here, we recapitulated the applications of CR and ALI approaches in modeling host-virus interactions and viral-mediated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qawee Rani
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dilber Nurmemet
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph Liffick
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anam Khan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Darrion Mitchell
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jenny Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Departments of Pathology, Urology and Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Rinaldi L, Senatore E, Iannucci R, Chiuso F, Feliciello A. Control of Mitochondrial Activity by the Ubiquitin Code in Health and Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:234. [PMID: 36672167 PMCID: PMC9856579 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is tightly connected to the broad variety of mitochondrial functions. To stay healthy, cells need a constant supply of nutrients, energy production and antioxidants defenses, undergoing programmed death when a serious, irreversible damage occurs. The key element of a functional integration of all these processes is the correct crosstalk between cell signaling and mitochondrial activities. Once this crosstalk is interrupted, the cell is not able to communicate its needs to mitochondria, resulting in oxidative stress and development of pathological conditions. Conversely, dysfunctional mitochondria may affect cell viability, even in the presence of nutrients supply and energy production, indicating the existence of feed-back control mechanisms between mitochondria and other cellular compartments. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a multi-step biochemical pathway that, through the conjugation of ubiquitin moieties to specific protein substrates, controls cellular proteostasis and signaling, removing damaged or aged proteins that might otherwise accumulate and affect cell viability. In response to specific needs or changed extracellular microenvironment, the UPS modulates the turnover of mitochondrial proteins, thus influencing the organelle shape, dynamics and function. Alterations of the dynamic and reciprocal regulation between mitochondria and UPS underpin genetic and proliferative disorders. This review focuses on the mitochondrial metabolism and activities supervised by UPS and examines how deregulation of this control mechanism results in proliferative disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Alvi T, Khan MKI, Maan AA, Razzaq ZU. Date fruit as a promising source of functional carbohydrates and bioactive compounds: A review on its nutraceutical potential. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14325. [PMID: 35894233 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
From the past decade, consumption of ready-to-eat food and ease of access to fast food increased the onset of several diseases. Thus, there is a need to shift the trend from consumption of unhealthy food item to natural and healthy alternatives. In this context, fruits can be considered as functional food, which have ability to provide essential nutrients and bioactive compounds. These compounds when consume in adequate amount would have the potential to lower the onset of diseases. In this regard, Phoenix dactylifera or date fruit is an important source of functional carbohydrates and bioactive compounds for their use as functional foods. The major functional carbohydrate in date fruit are in the form of dietary fiber, such as β-glucan, cellulose and fructans along with other bioactive compounds. Additionally, it is also a good source of other important nutrients such as sugars, minerals, along with minor quantities of proteins and lipids. Due to these functional compounds, date fruit have shown a wide range of pharmaceutical properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anticancer. This review provides latest information regarding functional and nutraceutical carbohydrates of date fruits along-with mechanism of action on different diseases reported in recent years. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This will provide information to food industries for the development of innovative food products by using date fruit. Moreover, bioactive components from date fruit may prove to enhance global health and wellness. However, further research is needed on clinical trials for the development of functional food products by using date fruit for functional foods and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Alvi
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Aslam Maan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ullah Razzaq
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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5
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Sun X, Shu Y, Ye G, Wu C, Xu M, Gao R, Huang D, Zhang J. Histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibit cervical cancer growth through Parkin acetylation-mediated mitophagy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:838-852. [PMID: 35256949 PMCID: PMC8897022 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through targeting damaged mitochondria for mitophagy. Accumulating evidence suggests that the acetylation modification of the key mitophagy machinery influences mitophagy level, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, our study demonstrated that inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) by treatment of HDACis activates mitophagy through mediating Parkin acetylation, leading to inhibition of cervical cancer cell proliferation. Bioinformatics analysis shows that Parkin expression is inversely correlated with HDAC2 expression in human cervical cancer, indicating the low acetylation level of Parkin. Using mass spectrometry, Parkin is identified to interact with two upstream molecules, acetylase acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) and deacetylase HDAC2. Under treatment of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), Parkin is acetylated at lysine residues 129, 220 and 349, located in different domains of Parkin protein. In in vitro experiments, combined mutation of Parkin largely attenuate the interaction of Parkin with PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and the function of Parkin in mitophagy induction and tumor suppression. In tumor xenografts, the expression of mutant Parkin impairs the tumor suppressive effect of Parkin and decreases the anticancer activity of SAHA. Our results reveal an acetylation-dependent regulatory mechanism governing Parkin in mitophagy and cervical carcinogenesis, which offers a new mitophagy modulation strategy for cancer therapy.
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Key Words
- ACAT1
- ACAT1, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1
- Acetylation
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- COXⅣ, cytochrome c oxidase Ⅳ
- Cervical cancer
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HDAC2
- HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor-1α
- HSP60, heat shock protein 60 kDa
- LC3, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3
- MFN2, mitofusion 2
- MS, mass spectrometry
- Mitophagy
- PARK2, Parkin
- PINK1, PTEN induced putative kinase 1
- Parkin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- TIM23, translocase of the inner membrane 23
- TOMM20, translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20
- TSA, trichostatin A
- Tumor suppression
- ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1
- Ubiquitination
- VDAC1, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuhan Shu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Guiqin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Caixia Wu
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Ruilan Gao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Bhat ZI, Naseem A, Kumar B, Ponnusamy K, Tiwari RR, Sharma GD, Rizvi MMA. Association of PARK-2 Non-synonyms Polymorphisms and Their In Silico Validation Among North Indian Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:674-682. [PMID: 34467515 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PARK2 is a potential tumour suppressor gene and its genetic alterations (regionic loss) are common across many human cancers. The association of PARK2 germline variations (SNPs) with Parkinson's has been shown, but their association in development and progression of cancer remains elusive. The aim of this study was to identify association of PARK2 polymorphisms (rs1801474, rs1801334) with colorectal cancer in a case control study design. METHODS This case control study included a total of 650 genetically unrelated subjects comprising 300 colorectal cancer cases and 350 healthy controls belonging to North Indian. Both SNPs were analyzed using the PCR-RFLP assay. Statistical analysis for describing risk and association was performed using SPSS-17 software. Structural deviations due to non- synonymous substitutions (S167N and D394N) were analyzed using MD simulations. RESULTS The genotype distributions of both the SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. For both the polymorphisms, the allelic model showed statistically significant risk with OR ~ 1.3. Many of the associations remained significant even after Bonferroni correction (P < 0.00125). The result suggested that both S167N and D394N were deviated from wild type and structures and were stable after 5 ns. The average value of RMSD for backbone atoms was calculated from 5 to 10 ns molecular dynamics simulation data. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study revealed a significant association of PARK2 SNPs with colorectal cancer as well as their relations with other clinical parameters highlighting their contribution towards colorectal cancer susceptibility in North Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal Bhat
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Afreen Naseem
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhupender Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kalaiarasan Ponnusamy
- Synthetic Biology Lab, School ofBiotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Ranjan Tiwari
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - G D Sharma
- Department of Zoology, P.M.B Gujarati Science College, Indore, India
| | - M Moshahid Alam Rizvi
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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Murillo-González FE, García-Aguilar R, Vega L, Elizondo G. Regulation of Parkin expression as the key balance between neural survival and cancer cell death. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114650. [PMID: 34111426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkin is a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays an important role in neuroprotection by targeting several proteins to be degraded by the 26S proteasome. Its dysfunction has been associated not only with Parkinson's disease (PD) but also with other neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. More recently, Parkin has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene implicated in cancer development. Due to the important roles that this E3 ubiquitin ligase plays in cellular homeostasis, its expression, activity, and turnover are tightly regulated. Several reviews have addressed Parkin regulation; however, genetic and epigenetic regulation have been excluded. In addition to posttranslational modifications (PTMs), this review examines the regulatory mechanisms that control Parkin function through gene expression, epigenetic regulation, and degradation. Furthermore, the consequences of disrupting these regulatory processes on human health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Libia Vega
- Department of Toxicology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Elizondo
- Department of Cellular Biology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Perwez A, Wahabi K, Rizvi MA. Parkin: A targetable linchpin in human malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188533. [PMID: 33785381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase has been found to be deregulated in a variety of human cancers. Our current understanding is endowed with strong evidences that Parkin plays crucial role in the pathogenesis of cancer by controlling/interfering with major hallmarks of cancer delineated till today. Consistent with the idea of mitophagy, the existing studies imitates the tumor suppressive potential of Parkin, resolved by its capacity to regulate cell proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis and overall cellular survival. Dysfunction of Parkin has resulted in the loss of ubiquitination of cell cycle components followed by their accumulation leading to genomic instability, perturbed cell cycle and eventually tumor progression. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge about the critical role of Parkin in cancer development and progression and have focussed on its therapeutic implications highlighting the diagnostic and prognostic value of Parkin as a biomarker. We earnestly hope that an in-depth knowledge of Parkin will provide a linchpin to target in various cancers that will open a new door of clinical applications and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Perwez
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Khushnuma Wahabi
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Moshahid A Rizvi
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Wang P, Dai X, Jiang W, Li Y, Wei W. RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:131-144. [PMID: 32442483 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RING-in-between-RING (RBR) E3 ligases are one class of E3 ligases that is characterized by the unique RING-HECT hybrid mechanism to function with E2s to transfer ubiquitin to target proteins for degradation. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that RBR E3 ligases play essential roles in neurodegenerative diseases, infection, inflammation and cancer. Accumulated evidence has revealed that RBR E3 ligases exert their biological functions in various types of cancers by modulating the degradation of tumor promoters or suppressors. Hence, we summarize the differential functions of RBR E3 ligases in a variety of human cancers. In general, ARIH1, RNF14, RNF31, RNF144B, RNF216, and RBCK1 exhibit primarily oncogenic roles, whereas ARIH2, PARC and PARK2 mainly have tumor suppressive functions. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms by which different RBR E3 ligases are involved in tumorigenesis and progression are also described. We discuss the further investigation is required to comprehensively understand the critical role of RBR E3 ligases in carcinogenesis. We hope our review can stimulate the researchers to deeper explore the mechanism of RBR E3 ligases-mediated carcinogenesis and to develop useful inhibitors of these oncogenic E3 ligases for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Xiaoming Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenxiao Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyun Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA, USA.
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Tiwari RR, Wahabi K, Perwez A, Bhat ZI, Hasan SS, Saluja SS, Rizvi MA. Implication of alterations in Parkin gene among North Indian patients with colorectal cancer. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 31:211-220. [PMID: 32343233 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2020.18823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Alterations in Parkin (PRKN) have been described in many cancers; however, the molecular mechanism that contributes to loss of Parkin expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of PRKN mutation and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in loss of Parkin expression. To understand the role of PRKN in cancer progression, we also evaluated the association of Parkin expression with clinicopathological parameters in North Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 219 CRC samples and their adjacent normal tissues (control) obtained from North Indian patients with CRC. The expression of Parkin was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). PRKN mutations were analyzed by single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing. For loss of heterozygosity (LOH), we employed two intragenic, D6S305 and D6S1599, and one telomeric marker, D6S1008. RESULTS In our study, we found four novel somatic mutations, namely, C166G, K413N, R420P (exon 4), and V425E (exon 11). Both mutation in Parkin (p = 0.0014) and LOH (p = 0.0140) were significantly associated with loss of Parkin expression. Additionally, Parkin mutations were not associated with the clinicopathological parameters of the patients. Furthermore, both, LOH in Parkin and Parkin expression were significantly correlated with different clinicopathological variables (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Parkin expression is not regulated by a single mechanism, but both mutation and LOH contribute to loss of Parkin expression. We also provide evidence of involvement of Parkin in metastasis and cancer progression. We, therefore, suggest Parkin as a potential prognostic marker and warrant further analysis in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Ranjan Tiwari
- Department of Biosciences, Genome Biology Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India;School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi, India
| | - Khushnuma Wahabi
- Department of Biosciences, Genome Biology Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ahmad Perwez
- Department of Biosciences, Genome Biology Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Zafar Iqbal Bhat
- Department of Biosciences, Genome Biology Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Shamimul Hasan
- School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Moshahid Alam Rizvi
- Department of Biosciences, Genome Biology Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Bhat ZI, Kumar B, Bansal S, Naseem A, Tiwari RR, Wahabi K, Sharma G, Alam Rizvi MM. Association of PARK2 promoter polymorphisms and methylation with colorectal cancer in North Indian population. Gene 2019; 682:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chen X, Xiong D, Yang H, Ye L, Mei S, Wu J, Chen S, Shang X, Wang K, Huang L. Long noncoding RNA OPA-interacting protein 5 antisense transcript 1 upregulated SMAD3 expression to contribute to metastasis of cervical cancer by sponging miR-143-3p. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5264-5275. [PMID: 30341904 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES SMAD3 is pivotal in the biology functions of various tumors. This study is aiming to study the relationship among SMAD3, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) OPA-interacting protein 5 antisense transcript 1 (OIP5-AS1), and miR-143-3p, and their effects on cervical cancer. METHODS In our research, real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were conducted to detect the expression level of messenger RNA and protein in tumor tissues and cells. Transfection of lncRNA OIP5-AS1, miR-143-3p, or SMAD3 was performed to investigate their potential effects on the function of cell as well as the relationship among them in cervical cell lines via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) together with transwell assays or dual-luciferase reporter assay respectively. RESULTS SMAD3, lncRNA OIP5-AS1 expression is significantly enhanced in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines, but miR-143-3p was inhibited. LncRNA OIP5-AS1 is demonstrated to mediate the physiological process of cervical cancer cells. Moreover, silencing SMAD3 via siRNA suppressed cell number, viability, migration and invasion, whereas overexpression of OIP5-AS1 promoted these abilities. Furthermore, lncRNA OIP5-AS1 exert its function via sponging miR-143-3p to regulate SMAD3 expression. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA OIP5-AS1 promoted SMAD3 expression via mediating miR-143-3p to promote migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongsheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Huichun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liya Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuangshuang Mei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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Parkin in Parkinson’s Disease and Cancer: a Double-Edged Sword. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6788-6800. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Zhang C, Liu Z, Bunker E, Ramirez A, Lee S, Peng Y, Tan AC, Eckhardt SG, Chapnick DA, Liu X. Sorafenib targets the mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes and ATP synthase to activate the PINK1-Parkin pathway and modulate cellular drug response. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15105-15120. [PMID: 28673964 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.783175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib (Nexavar) is a broad-spectrum multikinase inhibitor that proves effective in treating advanced renal-cell carcinoma and liver cancer. Despite its well-characterized mechanism of action on several established cancer-related protein kinases, sorafenib causes variable responses among human tumors, although the cause for this variation is unknown. In an unbiased screening of an oncology drug library, we found that sorafenib activates recruitment of the ubiquitin E3 ligase Parkin to damaged mitochondria. We show that sorafenib inhibits the activity of both complex II/III of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase. Dual inhibition of these complexes, but not inhibition of each individual complex, stabilizes the serine-threonine protein kinase PINK1 on the mitochondrial outer membrane and activates Parkin. Unlike the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, which activates the mitophagy response, sorafenib treatment triggers PINK1/Parkin-dependent cellular apoptosis, which is attenuated upon Bcl-2 overexpression. In summary, our results reveal a new mechanism of action for sorafenib as a mitocan and suggest that high Parkin activity levels could make tumor cells more sensitive to sorafenib's actions, providing one possible explanation why Parkin may be a tumor suppressor gene. These insights could be useful in developing new rationally designed combination therapies with sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conggang Zhang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303 and
| | - Zeyu Liu
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303 and
| | - Eric Bunker
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303 and
| | - Adrian Ramirez
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303 and
| | - Schuyler Lee
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303 and
| | - Yinghua Peng
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303 and
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- the Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - S Gail Eckhardt
- the Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Douglas A Chapnick
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303 and
| | - Xuedong Liu
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303 and
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15
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Naseem A, Bhat ZI, Kalaiarasan P, Kumar B, Gandhi G, Rizvi MMA. Genetic and epigenetic alterations affecting PARK-2 expression in cervical neoplasm among North Indian patients. Tumour Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317703635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Naseem
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Zafar Iqbal Bhat
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Bhupender Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Gauri Gandhi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Hospital (LNJP), Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC), New Delhi, India
| | - M. Moshahid Alam Rizvi
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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16
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Ni H, Zhou Z, Jiang B, Yuan X, Cao X, Huang G, Li Y. Inactivation of parkin by promoter methylation correlated with lymph node metastasis and genomic instability in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695025. [PMID: 28351314 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the inactivation of the parkin gene by promoter methylation and its relationship with genome instability in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Parkin was considered as a tumor suppressor gene in various types of cancers. However, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is unexplored. Genomic instabilities were detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues by the random amplified polymorphic DNA. The methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical analysis were used to detect methylation and mRNA and protein expression of parkin in 54 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and 16 cases of normal nasopharyngeal epithelia tissues, and in 5 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines (CNE1, CNE2, TWO3, C666, and HONE1) and 1 normal nasopharyngeal epithelia cell line (NP69). mRNA expression of parkin in CNE1 and CNE2 was analyzed before and after methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment. The relationship between promoter methylation and mRNA expression, demethylation and mRNA expression, and mRNA and protein expression of the gene and clinical factors and genomic instabilities were analyzed. The mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly reduced in 54 cases of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with 16 cases of normal nasopharyngeal epithelia. Parkin-methylated cases showed significantly lower mRNA and protein expression levels compared with unmethylated cases. After 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment, parkin mRNA expression was restored in CNE1 and CNE2; 92.59% (50/54) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma demonstrated genomic instability. Parkin is frequently inactivated by promoter methylation, and its mRNA and protein expression correlate with lymph node metastasis and genomic instability. Parkin deficiency probably promotes tumorigenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Ali A, Mehdi SJ, Hajela K, Saluja SS, Mishra PK, Sameer AS, Rizvi MMA. Allelic loss at PTEN locus leads to progression of colorectal carcinoma among North Indian patients. Biomarkers 2016; 21:716-720. [PMID: 27098297 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2016.1172115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 10q23.3 locus of microsatellite markers; D10S198, D10S192, and D10S541 of PTEN gene in 223 North Indian colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens. DNA was isolated and microsatellite-specific markers polymerase chain reaction was performed. Out of total 223 cases 102 showed LOH for at least one of the locus. In addition, thereto a significant association was found with the clinicopathologic features like grade of differentiation, clinical stage, invasion, lymph node invasion, and the clinical outcome (p < 0.05). These data argue that the given markers to check the possible LOH of PTEN gene at locus 10q23.3 could be considered as one of the diagnostic markers in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asgar Ali
- a Department of Biochemistry , AIIMS , Patna , India
| | - Syed Jafar Mehdi
- b Department of Biosciences, Genome Biology Lab , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi , India
| | - Krishnan Hajela
- c School of Life Sciences , Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya , Indore , India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- d Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , G. B. Pant Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Pramod Kumar Mishra
- d Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , G. B. Pant Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Aga Syed Sameer
- e Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Jeddah, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - M Moshahid Alam Rizvi
- b Department of Biosciences, Genome Biology Lab , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi , India
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18
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Mutation analysis of EGFR and its correlation with the HPV in Indian cervical cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9089-98. [PMID: 26762413 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in developing countries. Somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is associated with increased sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this study, the presence of EGFR mutations in cervical cancer and its correlation with HPV were identified. EGFR mutations were found in 31 out of 95 patients (32.63 %). Results showed the presence of EGFR mutations in 5.263 % of patients in exon 19. In exon 20, mutations were predominant in 25.26 % patients. While in exon 21, 8.421 % of patients had mutations. HPV, which is associated with cervical cancer development, was found in 95.78 % (HPVL1), 92.63 % (HPV16), and 3.15 % (HPV18) of patients. No correlation was found between HPV16 and EGFR mutations (p = 0.0616). Overall, mutations like V742R, Q787Q, Q849H, E866E, T854A, L858R, E872Q, and E688Q were found. Next, impact of TKI inhibitor (gefitinib) was checked with respect to presence or absence of mutation considering Q787Q mutation in exon 20 (G/A genotype) which is present in 25.2 % patients. Mutated cervical cancer cell lines showed higher sensitivity to gefitinib. Overall, this study suggests the importance of mutations in EGFR gene and indicates their relevance with respect to TKIs treatment in Indian cervical cancer patients.
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Rahmani AH, Aldebasi YH, Srikar S, Khan AA, Aly SM. Aloe vera: Potential candidate in health management via modulation of biological activities. Pharmacogn Rev 2015; 9:120-6. [PMID: 26392709 PMCID: PMC4557234 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.162118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment based on natural products is rapidly increasing worldwide due to the affordability and fewer side effects of such treatment. Various plants and the products derived from them are commonly used in primary health treatment, and they play a pivotal role in the treatment of diseases via modulation of biochemical and molecular pathways. Aloe vera, a succulent species, produces gel and latex, plays a therapeutic role in health management through antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities, and also offers a suitable alternative approach for the treatment of various types of diseases. In this review, we summarize the possible mechanism of action and the therapeutic implications of Aloe vera in health maintenance based on its modulation of various biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef H Aldebasi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sauda Srikar
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad A Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah M Aly
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pathology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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20
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FAN QIONG, QIU MEITING, ZHU ZHU, ZHOU JINHUA, CHEN LIMO, ZHOU YE, GU WEI, WANG LIHUA, LI ZHUNAN, XU YING, CHENG WEIWEI, WU DAN, BAO WEI. Twist induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cervical carcinogenesis by regulating the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1787-94. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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21
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Qureshi R, Arora H, Rizvi M. EMT in cervical cancer: Its role in tumour progression and response to therapy. Cancer Lett 2015; 356:321-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Occipital anaplastic oligodendroglioma with multiple organ metastases after a short clinical course: a case report and literature review. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:17. [PMID: 24447608 PMCID: PMC3943380 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is generally believed that malignant gliomas never metastasize outside the central nervous system (CNS). However, the notion that oligodendrogliomas (OGDs) cells cannot spread outside CNS is being challenged. Methods We described in detail the clinical story of one patient with anaplastic OGD, which metastasized to lymph nodes, bone marrowand bones Genetic analyses included detection of 1p and 19q chromosomal arms, methylation status of MGMT promoter, and PTEN exon mutations. A search of worldwide literature was conducted for reports of metastatic OGDs using NCBI-PubMed, with the keywords “extracranial”, “extraneural”, “oligodendroglioma”, “oligodendrogliomas”, “metastatic”, “metastasis”, and “metastases”, in different combinations. Results An open biopsy of the infiltrated bones in our patient revealed that malignant cells had replaced the patient’s marrow. Moreover, the diagnosis of multiple-organ metastases of anaplastic OGD was confirmed based on immunohistochemical staining. Genetic analyses showed that the tumors originated from previously resected brain lesions. None of the lesions had 1p and 19q deletions, but hypermethylation of MGMT promoter, and the G → A transversion at codon 234 of PTEN exon 2 were detected. Literatures review yielded 60 reports of metastatic OGDs from 1951 to the present, which with our patient makes 61 cases. Concerning these 61 patients, there were 110 infiltrated sites correlated closely with primary OGDs. The most frequent metastatic sites were bone and bone marrow (n = 47; 42.7%), lymph nodes (n = 22; 20.0%), liver (n = 7; 6.4%), scalp (n = 6; 5.5%), lung (n = 6; 5.5%), pleura (n = 4; 3.6%), chest wall (n = 3; 2.7%), iliopsoas muscle (n = 2; 1.8%), soft tissue (n = 2; 1.8%), and parotid gland (n = 2; 1.8%). Conclusions Extracranial metastases in anaplastic OGD are very rare but they do occur; bone and bone marrow may be the most common sites. Detection of certain molecular markers such as deletion of 1p and 19q chromosomal arms, hypermethylation of MGMT promoter, and characteristic PTEN exon mutations may help differentiate subtypes which are more prone to extracranial metastases. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/8749838611478560.
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23
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Lee K, Lee MH, Kang YW, Rhee KJ, Kim TU, Kim YS. Parkin induces apoptotic cell death in TNF-α-treated cervical cancer cells. BMB Rep 2013; 45:526-31. [PMID: 23010174 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.9.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many malignant tumors become resistant to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced cell death during carcinogenesis. In the present study, we examined whether parkin acts as a tumor suppressor in HeLa cells, a human cervical cancer cell line resistant to TNF-α-induced cell death. TNF-α-treatment alone did not affect HeLa cell viability. However, expression of parkin restored TNF-α-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. Increased cell death was due to the activation of the apoptotic pathway. Expression of parkin in TNF-α-treated HeLa cells stimulated cleavage of the pro-apoptotic proteins caspase-8, -9, -3, -7 and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). In addition, parkin expression resulted in decreased expression of the caspase inhibitory protein, survivin. These results suggest that parkin acts as a tumor suppressor in human cervical cancer cells by modulating survivin expression and caspase activity. We propose that this pathway is a novel molecular mechanism by which parkin functions as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Korea
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24
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Ali A, Saluja SS, Hajela K, Mishra PK, Rizvi MA. Mutational and expressional analyses of PTEN
gene in colorectal cancer from Northern India. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53 Suppl 1:E45-52. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asgar Ali
- Genome Biology Laboratory; Department of Biosciences; Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India
| | - Sundeep S. Saluja
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; G. B. Pant Hospital; New Delhi India
| | - Krishnan Hajela
- School of Life Sciences; Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya; Indore India
| | - Pramod K. Mishra
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; G. B. Pant Hospital; New Delhi India
| | - Moshahid A. Rizvi
- Genome Biology Laboratory; Department of Biosciences; Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India
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25
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Spencer P, Fry RC, Kisby GE. Unraveling 50-Year-Old Clues Linking Neurodegeneration and Cancer to Cycad Toxins: Are microRNAs Common Mediators? Front Genet 2012; 3:192. [PMID: 23060898 PMCID: PMC3460211 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of overlapping molecular signaling activated by a chemical trigger of cancer and neurodegeneration is new, but the path to this discovery has been long and potholed. Six conferences (1962–1972) examined the puzzling neurotoxic and carcinogenic properties of a then-novel toxin [cycasin: methylazoxymethanol (MAM)-β-d-glucoside] in cycad plants used traditionally for food and medicine on Guam where a complex neurodegenerative disease plagued the indigenous population. Affected families showed combinations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), parkinsonism (P), and/or a dementia (D) akin to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Modernization saw declining disease rates on Guam and remarkable changes in clinical phenotype (ALS was replaced by P-D and then by D) and in two genetically distinct ALS-PDC-affected populations (Kii-Japan, West Papua-Indonesia) that used cycad seed medicinally. MAM forms DNA lesions – repaired by O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) – that perturb mouse brain development and induce malignant tumors in peripheral organs. The brains of young adult MGMT-deficient mice given a single dose of MAM show DNA lesion-linked changes in cell-signaling pathways associated with miRNA-1, which is implicated in colon, liver, and prostate cancers, and in neurological disease, notably AD. MAM is metabolized to formaldehyde, a human carcinogen. Formaldehyde-responsive miRNAs predicted to modulate MAM-associated genes in the brains of MGMT-deficient mice include miR-17-5p and miR-18d, which regulate genes involved in tumor suppression, DNA repair, amyloid deposition, and neurotransmission. These findings marry cycad-associated ALS-PDC with colon, liver, and prostate cancer; they also add to evidence linking changes in microRNA status both to ALS, AD, and parkinsonism, and to cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Spencer
- Global Health Center, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
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26
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological consequences. EMBO J 2012; 31:3038-62. [PMID: 22735187 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are critically dependent on mitochondrial integrity based on specific morphological, biochemical, and physiological features. They are characterized by high rates of metabolic activity and need to respond promptly to activity-dependent fluctuations in bioenergetic demand. The dimensions and polarity of neurons require efficient transport of mitochondria to hot spots of energy consumption, such as presynaptic and postsynaptic sites. Moreover, the postmitotic state of neurons in combination with their exposure to intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal stress factors call for a high fidelity of mitochondrial quality control systems. Consequently, it is not surprising that mitochondrial alterations can promote neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. In particular, mitochondrial dysfunction has long been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), based on the observation that mitochondrial toxins can cause parkinsonism in humans and animal models. Substantial progress towards understanding the role of mitochondria in the disease process has been made by the identification and characterization of genes causing familial variants of PD. Studies on the function and dysfunction of these genes revealed that various aspects of mitochondrial biology appear to be affected in PD, comprising mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics, dynamics, transport, and quality control.
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27
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Mithramycin is a gene-selective Sp1 inhibitor that identifies a biological intersection between cancer and neurodegeneration. J Neurosci 2011; 31:6858-70. [PMID: 21543616 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0710-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic transformation of postmitotic neurons triggers cell death, but the identity of genes critical for degeneration remain unclear. The antitumor antibiotic mithramycin prolongs survival of mouse models of Huntington's disease in vivo and inhibits oxidative stress-induced death in cortical neurons in vitro. We had correlated protection by mithramycin with its ability to bind to GC-rich DNA and globally displace Sp1 family transcription factors. To understand how antitumor drugs prevent neurodegeneration, here we use structure-activity relationships of mithramycin analogs to discover that selective DNA-binding inhibition of the drug is necessary for its neuroprotective effect. We identify several genes (Myc, c-Src, Hif1α, and p21(waf1/cip1)) involved in neoplastic transformation, whose altered expression correlates with protective doses of mithramycin or its analogs. Most interestingly, inhibition of one these genes, Myc, is neuroprotective, whereas forced expression of Myc induces Rattus norvegicus neuronal cell death. These results support a model in which cancer cell transformation shares key genetic components with neurodegeneration.
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