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Hou X, Du H, Quan X, Shi L, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Liu Y, Xiao J, Li Y, Lu L, Ai X, Zhan M, Yuan S, Sun L. Silibinin Inhibits NSCLC Metastasis by Targeting the EGFR/LOX Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:21. [PMID: 29472856 PMCID: PMC5809401 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the most lethal and debilitating process that threatens cancer patients. Among the regulators involved in tumor metastasis, lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an important contributor for tumor invasion, migration and the formation of the pre-metastatic niche. Although the relationship between LOX and poor prognosis of lung patients has been preliminary reported, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we found that LOX overexpression is closely related to the survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients but not squamous cell carcinoma patients. Moreover, we confirmed that LOX expression is regulated by the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) via the PI3K/AKT, MEK/ERK, and SAPK/JNK signaling pathways in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Meanwhile, the study also suggested that the traditional anti-fibrosis drug silibinin inhibited NSCLC cell migration in an EGFR/LOX dependent manner. In addition, an orthotopic implantation metastasis model also confirmed that the EGFR inhibitor WZ4002 and silibinin decreased tumor metastasis through the EGFR/LOX pathway. Altogether, this study revealed that LOX expression is regulated by the EGFR pathway and this may account for the anti-cancer metastasis effects of silibinin, indicating LOX as a potentially therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongzhi Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingping Quan
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Center of Intervention Radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Center of Intervention Radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Center of Intervention Radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xun Ai
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Center of Intervention Radiology, Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Yu X, Zhao R, Lin S, Bai X, Zhang L, Yuan S, Sun L. CXCL16 induces angiogenesis in autocrine signaling pathway involving hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1557-65. [PMID: 26707275 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) is a new angiogenic factor inducing angiogenesis via extracellular signal-regulated kinases pathway. To further understand the molecular mechanism underlying CXCL16‑induced angiogenesis, we explored involvement of other relevant pathways in CXCL16-induced angiogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying CXCL16-induced angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). CXCL16 promoted HUVEC proliferation, tube formation and migration. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that CXCL16 induced vascular endothelial growth factor secretion from HUVECs. Western blot analysis showed that CXCL16 increased the level of hypoxia‑inducible factor 1α, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), p-p38 and p-Akt dose- and time-dependently. ERK-, p38- and Akt-selective inhibitors significantly suppressed HUVEC proliferation, migration, tube formation and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression induced by CXCL16. Furthermore, CXCL16 peptides induced CXCL16 secretion via ERK, p38 and Akt pathways, which was suppressed by HIF-1α-selective inhibitor PX12. Our data suggest that CXCL16 induces angiogenesis in autocrine manner via ERK, Akt, p38 pathways and HIF-1α modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yu
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Renping Zhao
- Department of Biophysics, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sensen Lin
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xianshu Bai
- Department of Molecular Physiology, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Fang D, Sun L, Lin S, Zhou L, Su N, Yuan S, Yu B. Vinorelbine inhibits angiogenesis and 95D migration via reducing hypoxic fibroblast stromal cell-derived factor 1 secretion. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:1045-55. [PMID: 22946087 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor stroma plays a prominent role in cancer progression. Fibroblasts constitute a majority of the stromal cells in tumor, and yet the functional contributions of these cells to tumor angiogenesis and invasion are poorly understood, especially the anticancer drug interference to these processes. To estimate the effects of vinorelbine (VNR) on fibroblast-associated tumor invasion and angiogenesis, we evaluated the response of 95D and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration, tube formation in vitro, as well as capillary formation of rat thoracic aorta rings to hypoxic MRC-5 conditioned medium (CM) by VNR pretreatment. Our results demonstrated that VNR significantly inhibited 95D and HUVEC migration and angiogenesis induced by hypoxic MRC-5 cells. We also showed that hypoxic MRC-5 CM (Hypo-CM) had a higher level of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) secretion, while Hypo-CM up-regulated the CXCR4 expression in HUVECs and 95Ds. This increased activity of SDF-1/CXCR4 paracrine was clearly attenuated by VNR pretreatment. It was further found that pretreating HUVECs and 95Ds with AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, markedly reversed the Hypo-CM promoting cell migration and angiogenesis, while adding exogenous SDF-1 attenuated the inhibition effects of CM collected from VNR-pretreated hypoxic MRC-5 (Hypo-CMV). These data indicate that VNR indirectly decreased 95D migration and angiogenesis through its effect on hypoxic MRC-5, via impacting SDF-1/CXCR4 paracrine, suggesting that VNR could interrupt the influence of fibroblasts on HUVECs and 95Ds to exert an anticancer role. Therefore, fibroblasts should be taken into consideration when evaluating and developing anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Fang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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