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Ghasemi Z, Kalantar K, Amirghofran Z. The role of FOXP3 rs3761548 and rs2294021 polymorphisms in pediatrics acute lymphoblastic leukemia: association with risk and response to therapy. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1139-1150. [PMID: 33517519 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
FOXP3 X-linked gene has crucial roles in the development and function of regulatory T cells. We investigated the association of FOXP3 rs3761548, rs3761549 and rs2294021 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) susceptibility and response to therapy. Genotyping was performed in 247 patients and 210 healthy subjects. We observed a higher frequency of rs3761548 A carriers and rs2294021 C carriers (p < 0.04) in male patients, and lower frequencies of rs3761548 AC genotype (p = 0.04) and rs2294021 CT genotype (p = 0.01) in female patients compared to controls. ACC (p = 0.04) and ATC haplotypes (p = 0.002) were associated with susceptibility to ALL. There was a significant correlation between the genotypes of rs3761548 and rs2294021 SNPs with event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). The rs3761548 A genotype in male patients was associated with increased risk of relapse (p < 0.0001), shorter EFS, increased death rate (p = 0.002) and shorter OS compared to C genotype (p = 0.001). Similar significant results were observed for the relation of rs2294021 C genotype with response to therapy in male patients. In females, patients with rs3761548 AC genotype had longer EFS (p = 0.02) and those with rs2294021 CT had longer EFS and OS (p < 0.005). According to haplotype analysis, patients carrying ACC or ATC haplotypes had the highest number of WBCs and shorter EFS or OS, and patients with CCT haplotype had the lowest number of WBCs and longer EFS or OS. These results provided evidence for the impact of these polymorphisms on susceptibility and response to therapy in children with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghasemi
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71345-1798, Iran
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71345-1798, Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71345-1798, Iran. .,Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71345-1798, Iran.
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Alizadeh M, Safarzadeh A, Hoseini SA, Piryaei R, Mansoori B, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Baghbanzadeh A, Baradaran B. The potentials of immune checkpoints for the treatment of blood malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 153:103031. [PMID: 32622320 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are the regulators of the immune system, which include stimulatory and inhibitory receptors. They play substantial roles in the maintenance of immune system homeostasis and the prevention of autoimmunity and cancer. In the current review, immune checkpoints roles are surveyed in the initiation, progression, and treatment of blood malignancies. The significant roles of immune checkpoints are discussed as clinical markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of a plethora of blood malignancies and also as potential targets for the treatment of these malignancies. It could be concluded that the regulation of immune checkpoints in various blood cancers can be employed as a novel strategy to obtain effective results in leukemia treatment and introduce immune checkpoint inhibitors as sufficient weapons against blood cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Safarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hoseini
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Piryaei
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Rastogi P, Sachdeva MUS. Flow Cytometric Minimal Residual Disease Analysis in Acute Leukemia: Current Status. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2019; 36:3-15. [PMID: 32174688 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-019-01118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimal residual disease (MRD) analysis for patients of acute leukemia has evolved as a significant prognostic factor. Based on the MRD results, the cases are risk-stratified after induction chemotherapy, and an alteration in further management is made to yield maximal therapeutic benefits. The two primary methodologies for MRD detection are multi-parameter flow cytometry (MFC) and polymerase chain reaction. MFC identifies the MRD based on characteristic 'leukemia-associated immunophenotypes' on the residual leukemia cells. MRD analysis by MFC is most frequently done at the post-induction stage of treatment and often can achieve a sensitivity of detecting one leukemic cell in 10,000 normal cells, or even higher at times. This review outlines the technical aspects and provides inputs on standard antibody panels used for MRD detection in B-, T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulkit Rastogi
- 1Department of Histopathology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva
- 2Department of Hematology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
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Tsagarakis NJ, Papadhimitriou SI, Pavlidis D, Marinakis T, Kostopoulos IV, Stiakaki E, Polychronopoulou S, Paterakis G. Flow cytometric predictive scoring systems for common fusions ETV6/RUNX1, BCR/ABL1, TCF3/PBX1 and rearrangements of the KMT2A gene, proposed for the initial cytogenetic approach in cases of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2019; 41:364-372. [PMID: 30730614 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), the identification of cytogenetic prognostic factors is important for stratifying patients into risk groups and tailoring treatment accordingly. The purpose of this study was to propose flow cytometric (FCM) scoring systems (SSs) for predicting t(12;21)(p13;q22), t(9;22)(q34;q11), t(11q23), and t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) translocations. METHODS We analyzed retrospectively the FCM immunophenotype of 377 patients with B-ALL with regard to the major cytogenetic findings revealed by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (i-FISH). Comparing descriptive data on the expression of each antigen and performing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we identified the most reliable predictive markers for each translocation and sought to establish a specific SS for each translocation, based on specific antibody panels. RESULTS CD27, CD9, CD66c, CD10, CD25, and CD34 were employed for the prediction of t(12;21), CD25, CD38, CD34, and CD66c for t(9;22), NG2, CD10, CD15, CD34, and CD20 for t(11q23), and CD34, cμ, CD123, and CD66c for t(1;19). The sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of each predictive score were 89.29% and 96.15% for t(12;21), 75.00% and 88.19% for t(9;22), 84.21% and 99.04% for t(11q23), and 85.71% and 92.71% for t(1;19). CONCLUSION Four highly specific and significantly sensitive FCM-obtained SSs are proposed for the prediction of the four major translocations observed in patients with B-ALL. Prospective evaluation of the proposed SSs could lead to a better targeted cytogenetic investigation and therefore to more cost-effective laboratory practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos J Tsagarakis
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Athens Regional General Hospital "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos I Papadhimitriou
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Athens Regional General Hospital "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Pavlidis
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Athens Regional General Hospital "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Marinakis
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Athens Regional General Hospital "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis V Kostopoulos
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Athens Regional General Hospital "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | - Eftichia Stiakaki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Polychronopoulou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Paterakis
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Athens Regional General Hospital "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
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Association of IL-27 rs153109 and rs17855750 Polymorphisms with Risk and Response to Therapy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 24:653-662. [PMID: 28828696 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-27 is a cytokine with important anti-cancer activity. This study has evaluated the effects of IL-27 rs153109 and rs17855750 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) development, as well as their impact on prognosis and patient survival. A total of 200 patients and 210 healthy subjects were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. We observed a higher frequency of rs153109 AG and rs17855750 TG genotypes and allele G in patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). Combined G variant genotypes (AG + GG and TG + GG) also conferred significantly greater risk of ALL. There was a significant correlation between the genotypes of both SNPs with event-free survival (EFS). Patients with GG genotypes of both SNPs and those of rs153109 AG and rs17855750 TG had a shorter EFS than patients with rs153109 AA and rs17855750 TT genotypes (p ≤ 0.035). Combined G variant genotypes for both SNPs showed poorer response to therapy in all patients (p < 0.027) as well as B-ALL (rs153109, p < 0.001) and T-ALL (rs153109, p = 0.048) patients. In multivariate analysis, rs153109 combined G variant genotype was associated with shorter EFS (relative risk = 9.7, p = 0.026). Among those who relapsed, 87.1% had the rs153109 AG genotype and 77.4% had the rs17855750 TG genotype (p < 0.01). Patients had higher IL-27 serum levels compared to controls, but this did not differ between genotypes. In conclusion, the association of IL-27 rs153109 and rs17855750 polymorphisms with risk of ALL development and their impact on EFS suggested an important role for this cytokine in biology and response to ALL therapy.
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CD27 expression and its association with clinical outcome in children and adults with pro-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2017. [PMID: 28649984 PMCID: PMC5520402 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2017.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Racine RR, Manalo NA, Hall JMF, Dibas A, Raffel GD, Mummert ME. CD44 induced enhancement of phosphatase activity and calcium influx: Modifications of EGR-1 expression and cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 6:172-178. [PMID: 28955875 PMCID: PMC5600419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate how CD44 impaired Akt phosphorylation, EGR-1 expression and cell proliferation. E6.1 Jurkat cells, which lack endogenous CD44 expression, were engineered to express CD44. Previously we showed that Akt is hypophosphorylated, EGR-1 expression is reduced and proliferation is impaired in CD44 expressing E6.1 Jurkat cells. The cell cycle was studied using flow cytometry and the role of calcium (Ca2+) in Akt phosphorylation and EGR-1 expression was investigated using Western blotting. Phosphatase activity was assessed using a commercially available kit. CD44 expressing cells showed disruption at the G1 to S transition. Chelation of Ca2+ from the culture media impaired Akt phosphorylation and EGR-1 expression in both CD44 expressing cells and the open vector control. Moreover, Ni2+ disrupted cell proliferation in both cell types suggesting Ca2+ import through calcium release activated calcium channels (CRAC). Staining of cells with fura-2 AM showed significantly higher Ca2+ in CD44 expressing cells as compared with the vehicle control. Finally, non-calcium mediated phosphatase activity was significantly greater in CD44 expressing cells. We propose that the enhanced phosphatase activity in the CD44 cells increased the dephosphorylation rate of Akt; at the same time, the increased intracellular concentration of Ca2+ in the CD44 cells ensured that the phosphorylation of Akt remains intact albeit at lower concentrations as compared with the vector control. Reduced Akt phosphorylation resulted in lowered expression of EGR-1 and hence, reduced the cell proliferation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny R Racine
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500, Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth TX 76104, United States
| | - Nathan A Manalo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Jessica M F Hall
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500, Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth TX 76104, United States
| | - Adnan Dibas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500, Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth TX 76104, United States
| | - Glen D Raffel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Mark E Mummert
- Mental Sciences Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500, Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth TX 76104, United States.,Center for Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500, Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth TX 76104, United States
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Amirghofran Z, Asiaee E, Kamazani FM. Soluble CD44 and CD44v6 and prognosis in children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2014; 12:e375-82. [PMID: 25227983 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM CD44v6 is an isoform of CD44 that can be present in soluble form (sCD44v6). The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of soluble CD44 (sCD44) and sCD44v6 in serum of children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and their relationship with prognosis. METHODS sCD44v6 and sCD44 levels were measured in the sera of patients and healthy children by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The level of the molecules was analyzed in relation to laboratory and clinical characteristics of the patients at presentation and response to therapy. RESULT sCD44v6 was significantly lower in patients (103.4 ± 44 ng/mL) than in controls (173.5 ± 73.6 ng/mL) whereas the serum level of sCD44 showed no significant difference between the groups. In patients, sCD44v6 quantity was inversely correlated with sCD44 level (r = -0.57, P < 0.01). The mean serum level of sCD44 in patients with >20% positivity for CD44 surface expression was greater than that in patients with ≤20% positivity (1345 ± 409 ng/mL vs 1111 ± 390 ng/mL, P = 0.05). sCD44v6 showed no significant association with response to therapy and prognostic factors except the TEL/AML1 positivity, as it was higher in TEL/AML1 positive patients (157.3 ± 55.6 ng/mL) than negative ones (92 ± 43.6 ng/mL, P = 0.036). Conversely, sCD44 was lower in TEL/AML1 positive patients and showed a significant association with white blood cell number, blast percentage and extramedullary involvement. CONCLUSION The lower level of sCD44v6 in patients than in controls suggests the possible diagnostic value of this molecule for B-ALL. The presence of an association with established prognostic factors despite of no relationship with disease outcome suggested these molecules for more studies in larger patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of Immunology, Autoimmune Disease Research Center and Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Asiaee
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh M Kamazani
- Department of Immunology, Autoimmune Disease Research Center and Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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He Y, Qi JM, Xie ZH, Zhang J. Role of integrin a5b1 in adhesion, migration and extramedullary infiltration of gastric cancer cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:1972-1976. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i14.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of the adhesion molecule integrin a5b1 in adhesion, migration and extramedullary infiltration of gastric cancer cells.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to measure integrin a5b1protein and mRNA expression levels in cell lines HTB-103, CRL-5822, CRL-5971 and CRL-5973. Different cell lines were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was incubated with anti-integrin a5b1 antibody, and the control group was incubated with control IgG. After incubation, the adhesion, migration and extramedullary infiltration of the above cells and ECV304 cells were assessed.
RESULTS: The relative mRNA expression levels of integrin a5b1 were significantly higher in CRL-5822, CRL-5971 and CRL-5973 cells than in HTB-103 cells (0.0821 ± 0.0128, 0.185 ± 0.0082, 0.798 ± 0.042 vs 0.0002 ± 0.0000, P < 0.05). The rates of adhesion, migration and extramedullary infiltration in CRL-5822, CRL-5971 and CRL-5973 cells in the experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control groups (adhesion (%): 52.16 ± 2.52 vs 83.89 ± 7.21, 44.22 ± 2.59 vs 71.17 ± 7.38, 33.58 ± 4.06 vs 60.89 ± 10.59; migration (%): 45.96 ± 1.21 vs 75.41 ± 9.51, 38.86 ± 1.99 vs 65.78 ± 14.62, 24.65 ± 3.28 vs 49.91 ± 13.47; infiltration rate (%): 29.85 ± 4.63 vs 42.63 ± 7.69, 21.31 ± 3.24 vs 29.92 ± 5.47, 13.67 ± 3.48 vs 21.59 ± 6.72; P < 0.05 for all), but the above indexes did not differ in HTB-103 cells between the two groups (P > 0.05 for all).
CONCLUSION: The adhesion molecule integrin a5b1 may be involved in the adhesion, migration and extramedullary infiltration of gastric cancer cells.
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