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Sorino C, Mondoni M, Marchetti G, Agati S, Inchingolo R, Mei F, Flamini S, Lococo F, Feller-Kopman D. Pleural Mesothelioma: Advances in Blood and Pleural Biomarkers. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7006. [PMID: 38002620 PMCID: PMC10672377 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a type of cancer that is highly related to exposure to asbestos fibers. It shows aggressive behavior, and the current therapeutic approaches are usually insufficient to change the poor prognosis. Moreover, apart from staging and histological classification, there are no validated predictors of its response to treatment or its long-term outcomes. Numerous studies have investigated minimally invasive biomarkers in pleural fluid or blood to aid in earlier diagnosis and prognostic assessment of PM. The most studied marker in pleural effusion is mesothelin, which exhibits good specificity but low sensitivity, especially for non-epithelioid PM. Other biomarkers found in pleural fluid include fibulin-3, hyaluronan, microRNAs, and CYFRA-21.1, which have lower diagnostic capabilities but provide prognostic information and have potential roles as therapeutic targets. Serum is the most investigated matrix for biomarkers of PM. Several serum biomarkers in PM have been studied, with mesothelin, osteopontin, and fibulin-3 being the most often tested. A soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP) is the only FDA-approved biomarker in patients with suspected mesothelioma. With different serum and pleural fluid cut-offs, it provides useful information on the diagnosis, prognosis, follow-up, and response to therapy in epithelioid PM. Panels combining different markers and proteomics technologies show promise in terms of improving clinical performance in the diagnosis and monitoring of mesothelioma patients. However, there is still no evidence that early detection can improve the treatment outcomes of PM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Sorino
- Division of Pulmonology, Sant’Anna Hospital of Como, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Michele Mondoni
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Agati
- Division of Pulmonology, Sant’Anna Hospital of Como, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Riccardo Inchingolo
- Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federico Mei
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Sara Flamini
- Departement of Thoracic Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (F.L.)
- Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Lococo
- Departement of Thoracic Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (F.L.)
- Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - David Feller-Kopman
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
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Palstrøm NB, Overgaard M, Licht P, Beck HC. Identification of Highly Sensitive Pleural Effusion Protein Biomarkers for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma by Affinity-Based Quantitative Proteomics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030641. [PMID: 36765599 PMCID: PMC9913626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-associated, highly aggressive cancer characterized by late-stage diagnosis and poor prognosis. Gold standards for diagnosis are pleural biopsy and cytology of pleural effusion (PE), both of which are limited by low sensitivity and markedly inter-observer variations. Therefore, the assessment of PE biomarkers is considered a viable and objective diagnostic tool for MPM diagnosis. We applied a novel affinity-enrichment mass spectrometry-based proteomics method for explorative analysis of pleural effusions from a prospective cohort of 84 patients referred for thoracoscopy due to clinical suspicion of MPM. Protein biomarkers with a high capability to discriminate MPM from non-MPM patients were identified, and a Random Forest algorithm was applied for building classification models. Immunohistology of pleural biopsies confirmed MPM in 40 patients and ruled out MPM in 44 patients. Proteomic analysis of pleural effusions identified panels of proteins with excellent diagnostic properties (90-100% sensitivities, 89-98% specificities, and AUC 0.97-0.99) depending on the specific protein combination. Diagnostic proteins associated with cancer growth included galactin-3 binding protein, testican-2, haptoglobin, Beta ig-h3, and protein AMBP. Moreover, we also confirmed previously reported diagnostic accuracies of the MPM markers fibulin-3 and mesothelin measured by two complementary mass spectrometry-based methods. In conclusion, a novel affinity-enrichment mass spectrometry-based proteomics identified panels of proteins in pleural effusion with extraordinary diagnostic accuracies, which are described here for the first time as biomarkers for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai B. Palstrøm
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Overgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Licht
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans C. Beck
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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Wei TT, Zhang JF, Cheng Z, Jiang L, Li JY, Zhou L. Development and validation of a machine learning model for differential diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion using routine laboratory data. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2023; 17:17534666231208632. [PMID: 37941347 PMCID: PMC10637149 DOI: 10.1177/17534666231208632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and benign pleural effusion (BPE) presents a clinical challenge. In recent years, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning models for disease diagnosis has increased. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and validate a diagnostic model for early differentiation between MPE and BPE based on routine laboratory data. DESIGN This was a retrospective observational cohort study. METHODS A total of 2352 newly diagnosed patients with pleural effusion (PE), between January 2008 and March 2021, were eventually enrolled. Among them, 1435, 466, and 451 participants were randomly assigned to the training, validation, and testing cohorts in a ratio of 3:1:1. Clinical parameters, including age, sex, and laboratory parameters of PE patients, were abstracted for analysis. Based on 81 candidate laboratory variables, five machine learning models, namely extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model, logistic regression (LR) model, random forest (RF) model, support vector machine (SVM) model, and multilayer perceptron (MLP) model were developed. Their respective diagnostic performances for MPE were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS Among the five models, the XGBoost model exhibited the best diagnostic performance for MPE (area under the curve (AUC): 0.903, 0.918, and 0.886 in the training, validation, and testing cohorts, respectively). Additionally, the XGBoost model outperformed carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in pleural fluid (PF), serum, and the PF/serum ratio (AUC: 0.726, 0.699, and 0.692 in the training cohort; 0.763, 0.695, and 0.731 in the validation cohort; and 0.722, 0.729, and 0.693 in the testing cohort, respectively). Furthermore, compared with CEA, the XGBoost model demonstrated greater diagnostic power and sensitivity in diagnosing lung cancer-induced MPE. CONCLUSION The development of a machine learning model utilizing routine laboratory biomarkers significantly enhances the diagnostic capability for distinguishing between MPE and BPE. The XGBoost model emerges as a valuable tool for the diagnosis of MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Feng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Yan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
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Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatic Analysis of Biomarkers for Prognosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092210. [PMID: 36140611 PMCID: PMC9497920 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers showed great benefit in the early-stage diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). However, the accuracy of different biomarkers was controversial. In this study, meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to compare the accuracy of the following three biomarkers and explore the relationship between the gene expression levels and MPM. A systematic search of meta-analysis was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies from the inception to March 2021. QUADAS-2 for Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies was used to evaluate the quality of eligible studies. The meta-analysis was performed utilizing Stata 15.0 and Review Manager 5.4 software. The meta-analysis results showed that 31 studies that involved 8750 participants were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity (SPE) were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.97) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.95) for Fibulin-3, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.51–0.78) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.82–0.96) for mesothelin (MSLN), 0.68 (95% CI: 0.63,0.73) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.82,0.90) for soluble mesothelin-related peptides (SMRP), and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.66-0.80) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85–0.91) for MSLN + SMRP + Fibulin-3. Compared with the other two biomarkers, Fibulin-3 may be more appropriate to be one of the indicators for combined diagnosis. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the low expression level of the MSLN gene was significantly related to longer survival time and better prognosis of MPM patients. However, considering the limitation in the quality and sample size of the included research, further studies are required.
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Fan X, Liu Y, Liang Z, Wang S, Yang J, Wu A. Diagnostic Value of Six Tumor Markers for Malignant Pleural Effusion in 1,230 Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610280. [PMID: 35515016 PMCID: PMC9065255 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The diagnostic value of tumor markers in pleural effusion (PE) and serum for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is still in debate. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of six tumor markers in PE, serum, and the corresponding PE/serum (PE/S) ratio in distinguishing MPE from benign pleural effusion (BPE). Methods: A total of 1,230 patients with PE (452 MPEs and 778 BPEs) were retrospectively included in the study. PE and serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the single and combined diagnostic values of the six tumor markers for MPE. Results: The levels of the six tumor markers in PE, serum, and PE/S were significantly higher in MPE than that in BPE, except for serum CA125. PE CEA showed the highest AUC [0.890 (0.871–0.907)] at a cut-off value of 3.7 ng/ml compared to any single tumor marker using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of PE CEA were 74.1%, 95.5%, 90.5%, 86.4%, 16.47, and 0.27, respectively. The combination of PE CEA and serum CYFRA21-1 showed the best diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.934 (sensitivity, 79.9%; specificity, 95.7%, PPV, 90.5; PLR, 17.35) among all two or three combinations. Besides, serum CYFRA21-1 was the best diagnostic tumor marker in distinguishing cytology-negative MPE from BPE at a cut-off value of 3.0 ng/ml. Conclusion: PE CEA was the best diagnostic tumor marker in distinguishing MPE from BPE. Serum CYFRA21-1 was the best diagnostic tumor marker in distinguishing cytology-negative MPE from BPE. The combination of PE CEA and serum CYFRA21-1 could increase the diagnostic performance in distinguishing MPE from BPE and cytology-negative MPE from BPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhigang Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Aihua Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Schillebeeckx E, van Meerbeeck JP, Lamote K. Clinical utility of diagnostic biomarkers in malignant pleural mesothelioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/162/210057. [PMID: 34789461 PMCID: PMC9489015 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0057-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is characterised by late-stage diagnosis and poor prognosis. Currently, no screening tool is advocated and diagnosis is based on invasive techniques, which are not well tolerated. Non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers have shown potential and could have a huge clinical benefit. However, despite extensive research, there is no consensus yet on their clinical use, with many articles reporting contradicting results, limiting their clinical implementation. The aim of this systematic review is therefore to explore the different semi- and non-invasive diagnostic markers in several human matrices and identify those that might clinically be relevant. A total of 100 articles were selected through Web of Science and PubMed, with 56 articles included in the quantitative analysis. Although many studies have reported on the diagnostic accuracy of MPM biomarkers such as serum mesothelin and high-mobility group box protein 1 and plasma fibulin-3, none have resulted in a validated test for early detection. Future research should focus on external validation, combinations into biomarker panels, the inclusion of early stage MPM patients and a combination of different biomarker matrices, as well as new markers. Diagnostic biomarkers for malignant pleural mesothelioma seem promising; however, further research is necessary to prove their clinical value. This review provides a thorough overview of the different markers and compares them in several matrices.https://bit.ly/35ni6UO
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Schillebeeckx
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium .,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jan P van Meerbeeck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Dept of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,European Reference Network for rare respiratory diseases (ERN-LUNG), Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Kevin Lamote
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Dept of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Rahemi Z, Javadi A, Kazeminejad B, Ebrahimi A, Vosough H, Taghavi A, Dabiri S. Diagnostic Utility of Combined CEA, CA15-3 and CA125 Biomarkers and Cytomorphology in Suspicious and Malignant Serosal Fluid. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 16:248-255. [PMID: 34306120 PMCID: PMC8298050 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2021.130458.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Early detection of malignancies in the serous fluids has been remained an issue. A classic diagnostic tool for the ascites and pleural effusions is cytologic study (morphology) with approximately 98% specificity for the detection of cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of three complementary markers in the serosal fluids of patients with malignant cytology and suspected cases. Methods: Seventy two patients with serosal effusion treated in three teaching hospitals were studied. The cases underwent a diagnostic workup to determine the pleural effusion malignancy and etiologies. Complementary markers, including CEA, CA15-3, and CA125 were measured in serosal fluids of three categories of benign, suspicious, and malignant. The study was carried out by Chemiluminescence immunoalayzer. The morphologies were re-evaluated by a consulting Cytopathologist. Results: Of 72 serosal fluid specimens, 41 (56.9%) were related to pleural effusion and 31 (43.1%) were related to ascites. The sensitivity of CEA, CA125, and CA15-3 biomarkers were 64, 84, and 68%, respectively, and the specificity of each test was 100, 86, and 96%, respectively. This was statistically achieved for the combination of the area of markers below the curve (AUC), 0.93 and 90% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Conclusion: The results suggest that complementary CA125, CA15-3, and CEA markers assayed with well-developed immunoassay method might be useful in the differentiation between malignant and benign effusions while combined with conventional cytology. CA125 yielded a significant correlation between cytomorphology and biomarkers based on the correlation coefficient analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rahemi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Javadi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Imam Hossein Central Medical Laboratory, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrang Kazeminejad
- Department of Pathology, Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolali Ebrahimi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houman Vosough
- Imam Hossein Central Medical Laboratory, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsoon Taghavi
- Department of Pathology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Department of Pathology, Afzalipour Medical School, Kerman, Iran
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Jie J, Zhanxiong Q, Li W, Xiaojie X, Xunran Z, Wen Z, Dan H. Experimental Study on Early Diagnosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma with Computed Tomography Combined Serum Soluble Mesothelin-Related Proteins. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND HEALTH INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2021.3314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the value on early diagnosis of experimental rat according to computed tomography (CT) combined with the serum level of Serum Soluble Mesothelin-related Proteins (SMRP). Methods: Thirty-two SD rat were divided into three groups, including group
A (experimental group) of 20 rats with pleural cavity injection of crocidolite suspension, group B (negative control group) of 6 rats with pleural cavity injection of saline, group C (blank control group) of 6 rats without any processing. Chest and abdominal CT scan and enhancement were performed
in the three months and six months after induction and the pleural thickening was analyzed. The serum level of SMRP was measured at the different time period including pre-injection, the postinjection first month, the second month, the third month and the sixth month. The correlation between
pleural thickening and serum level of SMRP was analyzed. Results: In group A: 20 cases were performed on CT scan in post-injection third month and we found 13 cases without pleural lesions and 7 cases with pleural lesions including of 4 cases with mild pleural thickening, 1 moderate
thickening and 2 severe thickening (2 cases died). Moreover, 18 cases were done by CT in post-injection third month and we found 3 cases without pleural lesions and 15 cases with pleural lesions including of 6 cases with mild pleural thickening, 5 moderate thickening and 4 severe thickening
(3 cases died). No pleural lesions were found in group B and group C. SMRP expression level differences in the three groups was statistically significant. However, there was no difference in pre-injection in the three groups and there were no difference in group B and C at the different time
period. In group A, there was no difference between post-injection first month and second month, whereas, there had statistically difference in post-injection third and sixth month. In group A, SMRP level gradually increased over time. The high correlation between pleural thickening and serum
level of SMRP was seen at the post-injection third and sixth month, which the expression of SMRP gradually increased as the pleural thickening. Conclusion: Serum SMRP expression level has a certain value for early diagnosis and staging of MPM, which can be used as an important biomarker
for early screening of high-risk groups exposed to asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jie
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, 650032, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Zhanxiong
- Radiology Department, Kunming City Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yunnan, 650031, Kunming, China
| | - Wu Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, 650032, Kunming, China
| | - Xie Xiaojie
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, 650032, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao Xunran
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, 650032, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao Wen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, 650032, Kunming, China
| | - Han Dan
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, 650032, Kunming, China
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Farahani SJ, Baloch Z. Are we ready to develop a tiered scheme for the effusion cytology? A comprehensive review and analysis of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol 2019; 47:1145-1159. [PMID: 31301215 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytology is widely utilized in the initial evaluation of fluid accumulation in the body cavities. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of cytology in distinguishing between benign and malignant (MAL) effusions. METHODS A comprehensive and systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of serous effusion cytology (SEC) against tissue biopsy/resection histology, imaging, or clinical follow-up as the reference test. Risk of publication bias and level of heterogeneity in the included studies was assessed. Meta-regression was performed to assess the effect of various variables on the accuracy of SEC. RESULTS Eighty studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis comprising of 34 941 samples; of which 52 (0.2%), 22 202 (72.7%), 194 (0.6%), 711 (2.3%), and 6507 (21.3%) could be reclassified as nondiagnostic (ND), negative for malignancy (NFM), atypical (atypia of uncertain significance-AUS), suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and malignant (MAL), respectively. On follow-up, the mean risk of malignancy for ND, NFM, AUS, SFM, MAL was 17.4%, 20.7%, 65.9%, 81.8%, and 98.9%, respectively. A total of 73 studies were included in estimating the diagnostic accuracy of SEC. The bivariate mixed-effect model estimated the SEC sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio as 73.1%, 99.9%, 7850.6%, 2112.2%, and 0.27%, respectively. CONCLUSION Serous effusion cytology shows high specificity and moderate sensitivity in the evaluation of serous effusions. A tiered classification scheme can improve the consistency of terminology for reporting SEC results, thus improving communication between the pathologists and clinical team, and quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar J Farahani
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zubair Baloch
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Gao R, Wang F, Wang Z, Wu Y, Xu L, Qin Y, Shi H, Tong Z. Diagnostic value of soluble mesothelin-related peptides in pleural effusion for malignant pleural mesothelioma: An updated meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14979. [PMID: 30946324 PMCID: PMC6456135 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP) is a widely studied tumor marker for diagnosing malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This study discussed the diagnostic value of SMRPs in pleural effusion (PE) for MPM. METHODS Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library system were systematically searched on the data of SMRPs in PE for MPM diagnosis. Pooled diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and symmetric receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated. RESULTS Thirteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and a total of 3359 cases including 759 MPM cases, 1061 non-MM (malignant mesothelioma) malignant PE, and 1539 benign PE were brought into this meta-analysis. The pooled results of SMRPs in PE for diagnosing MPM were as follows: sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64-0.72), 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.94), 7.8 (95% CI: 5.0-12.0), 0.35 (95% CI: 0.31-0.40), and 22 (95% CI: 14-35), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.72-0.80). Subgroup analyzes revealed that the AUC of cohort group using histological diagnosis could be improved to 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.89). The Deek's funnel plot asymmetry test showed no publication bias. CONCLUSION Although the sensitivity of SMRPs was low, PE-SMRPs can be a good indicator of the existence of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyue Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Otoshi T, Kataoka Y, Ikegaki S, Saito E, Matsumoto H, Kaku S, Shimada M, Hirabayashi M. Pleural effusion biomarkers and computed tomography findings in diagnosing malignant pleural mesothelioma: A retrospective study in a single center. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185850. [PMID: 28968445 PMCID: PMC5624636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to examine the clinical value of the pleural effusion (PE) biomarkers, soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21–1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and the utility of combining chest computed tomography (CT) findings with these biomarkers, in diagnosing malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a single center. Consecutive patients with undiagnosed pleural effusions who underwent PE analysis between September 2014 and August 2016 were reviewed. This study included 240 patients (32 with MPM and 208 non-MPM). SMRP and the CYFRA 21-1/CEA ratio had a sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing MPM of 56.3% and 86.5%, and 87.5% and 74.0%, respectively. Using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of the ability of these markers to distinguish MPM from all other PE causes, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for SMRP and the CYFRA 21-1/CEA ratio was 0.804 and 0.874, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of SMRP combined with the CYFRA 21-1/CEA ratio were 93.8% and 64.9%, respectively. The sensitivity of the combination of SMRP, the CYFRA 21-1/CEA ratio, and the presence of Leung’s criteria (a chest CT finding that is suggestive of malignant pleural disease) was 93.8%. In conclusion, the combined PE biomarkers had a high sensitivity for diagnosing MPM, although the addition of chest CT findings did not improve the sensitivity of SMRP combined with the CYFRA 21-1/CEA ratio. Combination of these biomarkers helped to rule out MPM effectively among patients at high risk of suffering MPM and would be valuable especially for old frail patients who have difficulty in undergoing invasive procedures such as thoracoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Otoshi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuki Kataoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shunkichi Ikegaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Emiko Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sawako Kaku
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shimada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masataka Hirabayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
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12
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Comparison of mesothelin and fibulin-3 in pleural fluid and serum as markers in malignant mesothelioma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2016; 21:352-6. [PMID: 26016578 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Malignant mesothelioma is an asbestos-induced, aggressive tumour, which frequently presents with pleural effusion. There are over 60 reported causes that can result in the development of a pleural effusion. Currently, there are no tumour biomarkers in widespread clinical use for the differential diagnosis of mesothelioma from other diseases. With the incidence of mesothelioma expected to continue to increase, it is timely to review the current status of effusion-based biomarkers for mesothelioma diagnosis. RECENT FINDINGS The majority of recent studies have evaluated soluble mesothelin in effusions in a diagnostic setting for mesothelioma. However, at high specificity, the sensitivity of the assay is limited to approximately 60% at the time of diagnosis. There is considerable research effort directed toward the identification of new markers for mesothelioma through a variety of genomic, proteomic and immunomic based platforms. One of the few new biomarkers to be identified through a biomarker discovery pipeline and evaluated in pleural effusions is fibulin-3. Preliminary results on the diagnostic accuracy of fibulin-3 have been inconsistent. SUMMARY To date, soluble mesothelin remains the best available biomarker for mesothelioma and a positive result is clinically useful in patients with pleural effusions in whom the diagnosis is uncertain.
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13
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Parodi S, Filiberti R, Marroni P, Libener R, Ivaldi GP, Mussap M, Ferrari E, Manneschi C, Montani E, Muselli M. Differential diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma using Logic Learning Machine. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16 Suppl 9:S3. [PMID: 26051106 PMCID: PMC4464205 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-16-s9-s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour markers are standard tools for the differential diagnosis of cancer. However, the occurrence of nonspecific symptoms and different malignancies involving the same cancer site may lead to a high proportion of misclassifications. Classification accuracy can be improved by combining information from different markers using standard data mining techniques, like Decision Tree (DT), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and k-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) classifier. Unfortunately, each method suffers from some unavoidable limitations. DT, in general, tends to show a low classification performance, whereas ANN and KNN produce a "black-box" classification that does not provide biological information useful for clinical purposes. METHODS Logic Learning Machine (LLM) is an innovative method of supervised data analysis capable of building classifiers described by a set of intelligible rules including simple conditions in their antecedent part. It is essentially an efficient implementation of the Switching Neural Network model and reaches excellent classification accuracy while keeping low the computational demand. LLM was applied to data from a consecutive cohort of 169 patients admitted for diagnosis to two pulmonary departments in Northern Italy from 2009 to 2011. Patients included 52 malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPM), 62 pleural metastases (MTX) from other tumours and 55 benign diseases (BD) associated with pleurisies. Concentration of three tumour markers (CEA, CYFRA 21-1 and SMRP) was measured in the pleural fluid of each patient and a cytological examination was also carried out. The performance of LLM and that of three competing methods (DT, KNN and ANN) was assessed by leave-one-out cross-validation. RESULTS LLM outperformed all other considered methods. Global accuracy was 77.5% for LLM, 72.8% for DT, 54.4% for KNN, and 63.9% for ANN, respectively. In more details, LLM correctly classified 79% of MPM, 66% of MTX and 89% of BD. The corresponding figures for DT were: MPM = 83%, MTX = 55% and BD = 84%; for KNN: MPM = 58%, MTX = 45%, BD = 62%; for ANN: MPM = 71%, MTX = 47%, BD = 76%. Finally, LLM provided classification rules in a very good agreement with a priori knowledge about the biological role of the considered tumour markers. CONCLUSIONS LLM is a new flexible tool potentially useful for the differential diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Parodi
- Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, National Research Council of Italy, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosa Filiberti
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, L.go R. Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Marroni
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, L.go R. Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Libener
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Via Venezia 16, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Michele Mussap
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, L.go R. Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Manneschi
- Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, National Research Council of Italy, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Erika Montani
- Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, National Research Council of Italy, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Muselli
- Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, National Research Council of Italy, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
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14
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Thompson JK, Westbom CM, Shukla A. Malignant mesothelioma: development to therapy. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1-7. [PMID: 23959774 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive cancer of the mesothelium caused by asbestos. Asbestos use has been reduced but not completely stopped. In addition, natural or man-made disasters will continue to dislodge asbestos from old buildings into the atmosphere and as long as respirable asbestos is available, MM will continue to be a threat. Due to the long latency period of MM development, it would still take decades to eradicate this disease if asbestos was completely removed from our lives today. Therefore, there is a need for researchers and clinicians to work together to understand this deadly disease and find a solution for early diagnosis and treatment. This article focuses on developmental mechanisms as well as current therapies available for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce K Thompson
- Pathology Department, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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15
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Cui A, Jin XG, Zhai K, Tong ZH, Shi HZ. Diagnostic values of soluble mesothelin-related peptides for malignant pleural mesothelioma: updated meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004145. [PMID: 24566531 PMCID: PMC3939651 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the values of soluble mesothelin-related peptides (SMRPs), including mesothelin and megakaryocyte potentiating factor, in serum and/or pleural fluid for diagnosing malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) have been extensively studied, the exact diagnostic accuracy of these SMRPs remains controversial. The purpose of the present meta-analysis is to update the overall diagnostic accuracy of SMRPs in serum and, furthermore, to establish diagnostic accuracy of SMRPs in pleural fluid for MPM. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A total of 30 articles of diagnostic studies were included in the current meta-analysis. Sensitivity, specificity and other measures of accuracy of SMRPs in serum and pleural fluid for the diagnosis of MPM were pooled using random effects models. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were used to summarise overall test performance. RESULTS The summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic OR were 0.61, 0.87, 5.71, 0.43 and 14.43, respectively, for serum and 0.79, 0.85, 4.78, 0.30 and 19.50, respectively, for pleural fluid. It was also found that megakaryocyte potentiating factor in serum had a superior diagnostic accuracy compared with mesothelin for MPM. CONCLUSIONS SMRPs in both serum and pleural fluid are helpful markers for diagnosing MPM with similar diagnostic accuracy. The negative results of SMRP determinations are not sufficient to exclude non-MPM, and the positive test results indicate that further invasive diagnostic steps might be necessary for the diagnosis of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhai
- Center of Medical Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Medical Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
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Canessa PA, Ferro P, Manta C, Sivori M, Franceschini MC, Fedeli F, Roncella S. Clinical value of mesothelin in pleural effusions versus histology by medical thoracoscopy: brief report. Med Oncol 2013; 30:649. [PMID: 23873013 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study based on the third phase of the architecture of diagnostic research was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP) in pleural exudative effusions (PE) compared to the histology obtained by medical thoracoscopy as the diagnostic gold standard examination. We assessed 104 consecutive thoracoscopies. SMRP concentrations were obtained using an ELISA test. We had 34 mesotheliomas (25 epithelioid and 9 sarcomatoid), 35 pleural metastases, and 35 benign diseases. PE-SMRP were significantly higher in patients with epitheliomorphic mesothelioma (mean ± SD 46.55 ± 44.29 nM) than in patients with sarcomatoid mesothelioma (16.11 ± 25.02 nM; p = 0.061), pleural metastasis (7.52 ± 10.77 nM; p < 0.0001), or benign diseases (5.82 ± 8.86 nM; p < 0.0001). Using ROC curve analysis, PE-SMRP offered an AUC of 0.767 in its ability to differentiate between patients with mesothelioma and all other diagnoses. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of PE-SMRP for distinguishing mesothelioma from all other causes of pleural effusion, at a cut-off value of 19.6 nM, were 58.8 and 97.1 %, respectively. PE-SMRP higher than the assumed cut-off of 19.6 nM were observed in 18/25 (72.0%) epitheliomorphic mesotheliomas, 2/9 (22.2%) sarcomatoid mesotheliomas, 5/35 (14.3%) pleural metastases, and 1/35 (2.9%) benign diseases. We conclude that PE-SMRP adds some clinical information in the work-up of patients with a PE of unknown origin: (1) thoracoscopy should always be done in patients with a positive mesothelin; (2) a negative mesothelin does not exclude a malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Aldo Canessa
- SC Pneumologia, Ospedale San Bartolomeo, via Cisa Sud, 19038, Sarzana, SP, Italy.
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