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Yuan Y, Fan T, Wang J, Yuan Y, Tao X. Near-infrared imaging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using indocyanine green that targets the αvβ6 peptide. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:046002. [PMID: 38633382 PMCID: PMC11021736 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.4.046002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Significance Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a particularly poor prognosis. Improving the surgical resection boundary, reducing local recurrence, and ultimately ameliorating the overall survival rate are the treatment goals. Aim To obtain a complete surgical resection (R0 resection), we investigated the use of a fluorescent imaging probe that targets the integrin subtype α v β 6 , which is upregulated in many kinds of epithelial cancer, using animal models. Approach α v β 6 expression was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoprotein blotting of human tissues for malignancy. Protein expression localization was observed. α v β 6 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were quantified by PCR and immunoprotein blotting, and the biosafety of targeting the α v β 6 probe material was examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Indocyanine green (ICG) was used as a control to determine the localization of the probe at the cellular level. In vivo animal experiments were conducted through tail vein injections to evaluate the probe's imaging effect and to confirm its targeting in tissue sections. Results α v β 6 expression was higher than EGFR expression in HNSCC, and the probe showed good targeting in in vivo and in vitro experiments with a good safety profile. Conclusions The ICG-α v β 6 peptide probe is an exceptional and sensitive imaging tool for HNSCC that can distinguish among tumor, normal, and inflammatory tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Fan
- Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changsha, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tao
- Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Shanghai, China
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Wang XY, Yao DF, Ren G. Progress in research of tumor biomarkers and molecular imaging probes for gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2024; 32:1-7. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor still associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its onset is relatively insidious, and when detected, it is already at an advanced stage, lacks effective individualized treatments, and has a poor prognosis. If gastric cancer can be diagnosed at an early stage, the survival rate of patients can be greatly improved. However, traditional imaging modalities lack specificity and sensitivity. In recent years, molecular imaging technology is booming, which can non-invasively and dynamically monitor gastric cancer at the cellular and molecular levels, and provide more reference information for clinical selection of treatment options and assessment of efficacy and prognosis. This article reviews the biomarkers of gastric cancer and molecular probes in various imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Wang
- Gang-Ren, Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - De-Fan Yao
- Gang-Ren, Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Zhang C, Qin C, Dewanjee S, Bhattacharya H, Chakraborty P, Jha NK, Gangopadhyay M, Jha SK, Liu Q. Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer invasion and metastasis: molecular mechanisms, and clinical significance. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:18. [PMID: 38243280 PMCID: PMC10797874 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The production and release of tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (TDSEVs) from cancerous cells play a pivotal role in the propagation of cancer, through genetic and biological communication with healthy cells. TDSEVs are known to orchestrate the invasion-metastasis cascade via diverse pathways. Regulation of early metastasis processes, pre-metastatic niche formation, immune system regulation, angiogenesis initiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, immune modulation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are among the pathways regulated by TDSEVs. MicroRNAs (miRs) carried within TDSEVs play a pivotal role as a double-edged sword and can either promote metastasis or inhibit cancer progression. TDSEVs can serve as excellent markers for early detection of tumors, and tumor metastases. From a therapeutic point of view, the risk of cancer metastasis may be reduced by limiting the production of TDSEVs from tumor cells. On the other hand, TDSEVs represent a promising approach for in vivo delivery of therapeutic cargo to tumor cells. The present review article discusses the recent developments and the current views of TDSEVs in the field of cancer research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chaoying Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre of Research Impact and Outreach, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Zhang B, Huang B, Zhang X, Li S, Zhu J, Chen X, Song H, Shang D. PANoptosis-related molecular subtype and prognostic model associated with the immune microenvironment and individualized therapy in pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1217654. [PMID: 37519797 PMCID: PMC10382139 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1217654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PANoptosis is an inflammatory type of programmed cell death regulated by PANopotosome. Mounting evidence has shown that PANoptosis could be involved in cancer pathogenesis and the tumor immune microenvironment. Nevertheless, there have been no studies on the mechanism of PANoptosis on pancreatic cancer (PC) pathogenesis. Methods We downloaded the data on transcriptomic and clinical features of PC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Additionally, the data on copy number variation (CNV), methylation and somatic mutations of genes in 33 types of cancers were obtained from TCGA. Next, we identified the PANoptosis-related molecular subtype using the consensus clustering analysis, and constructed and validated the PANoptosis-related prognostic model using LASSO and Cox regression analyses. Moreover, RT-qPCR was performed to determine the expression of genes involved in the model. Results We obtained 66 PANoptosis-related genes (PANRGs) from published studies. Of these, 24 PC-specific prognosis-related genes were identified. Pan-cancer analysis revealed complex genetic changes, including CNV, methylation, and mutation in PANRGs were identified in various cancers. By consensus clustering analysis, PC patients were classified into two PANoptosis-related patterns: PANcluster A and B. In PANcluster A, the patient prognosis was significantly worse compared to PANcluster B. The CIBERSORT algorithm showed a significant increase in the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, monocytes, and naïve B cells, in patients in PANcluster B. Additionally, the infiltration of macrophages, activated mast cells, and dendritic cells were higher in patients in PANcluster A. Patients in PANcluster A were more sensitive to erlotinib, selumetinib and trametinib, whereas patients in PANcluster B were highly sensitive to irinotecan, oxaliplatin and sorafenib. Moreover, we constructed and validated the PANoptosis-related prognostic model to predict the patient's survival. Finally, the GEPIA and Human Protein Atlas databases were analyzed, and RT-qPCR was performed. Compared to normal tissues, a significant increase in CXCL10 and ITGB6 (associated with the model) expression was observed in PC tissues. Conclusion We first identified the PANoptosis-related molecular subtypes and established a PANoptosis-related prognostic model for predicting the survival of patients with PC. These results would aid in exploring the mechanisms of PANoptosis in PC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bingqian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huiyi Song
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Diffuse gastric cancer: Emerging mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188719. [PMID: 35307354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is globally the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) particularly have a poor prognosis that only marginally improved over the last decades, as conventional chemotherapies are frequently ineffective and specific therapies are unavailable. Early-stage DGC is characterized by intramucosal lesions of discohesive cells, which can be present for many years before the emergence of advanced DGC consisting of highly proliferative and invasive cells. The mechanisms underlying the key steps of DGC development and transition to aggressive tumors are starting to emerge. Novel mouse- and organoid models for DGC, together with multi-omic analyses of DGC tumors, revealed contributions of both tumor cell-intrinsic alterations and gradual changes in the tumor microenvironment to DGC progression. In this review, we will discuss how these recent findings are leading towards an understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for DGC initiation and malignancy, which may provide opportunities for targeted therapies.
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Role of tumour-derived exosomes in metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Li Z, Sun Y, Xu J, Yang H, Liu X, Tian Y, Cao S, Zhou Y. Integrin-β6 Serves as a Potential Prognostic Serum Biomarker for Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770997. [PMID: 34796117 PMCID: PMC8593195 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering novel biomarkers that easily accessed is a key step towards the personalized medicine approach for gastric cancer patients. Integrin-β6 (ITGB6) is a subtype of integrin that is exclusively expressed on the surface of epithelial cells and is up-regulated in various tumors. In the present study, a retrospective cohort with 135 gastric cancer patients and a prospective cohort with 34 gastric cancer patients were constructed, ITGB6 expression were detected in both the serum specimens and the tissue specimens. Detailed clinicopathological parameters as well as patients' survival were recorded. A nomogram including ITGB6 expression was also constructed and validated to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Results showed that serum ITGB6 expression was obviously increased and associated with tumor stage in gastric cancer patients, serum ITGB6 expression was relatively high in patients with liver metastasis. High ITGB6 expression indicated a poor prognosis, and nomogram including serum ITGB6 expression could predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients effectively. Moreover, serum ITGB6 expression was associated with ITGB6 expression in tumor tissues. Furthermore, combined serum ITGB6 and CEA levels contributed to the risk stratification and prognostic prediction for gastric cancer patients. In addition, the serum expression of ITGB6 decreased significantly after radical surgery, and a new rise in serum ITGB6 expression indicated tumor recurrence or progression. The present study identified a novel serum biomarker for the risk stratification, prognostic prediction and surveillance of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqi Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianfei Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yulong Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shougen Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Evaluation of Two Optical Probes for Imaging the Integrin α vβ 6- In Vitro and In Vivo in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:1170-1181. [PMID: 32002763 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate two αvβ6-targeted fluorescent imaging agents. The integrin subtype αvβ6 is significantly upregulated in a wide range of epithelial derived cancers, plays a key role in invasion and metastasis, and expression is often located at the invasive edge of tumors. αvβ6-targeted fluorescent imaging agents have the potential to guide surgical resection leading to improved patient outcomes. Both imaging agents were based on the bi-PEGylated peptide NH2-PEG28-A20FMDV2-K16R-PEG28 (1), a peptide that has high affinity and selectivity for the integrin αvβ6: (a) 5-FAM-X-PEG28-A20FMDV2-K16R-PEG28 (2), and (b) IRDye800-PEG28-A20FMDV2-K16R-PEG28 (3). PROCEDURES Peptides were synthesized using solid-phase peptide synthesis and standard Fmoc chemistry. Affinity for αvβ6 was evaluated by ELISA. In vitro binding, internalization, and localization of 2 was monitored using confocal microscopy in DX3puroβ6 (αvβ6+) and DX3puro (αvβ6-) cells. The in vivo imaging and ex vivo biodistribution of 3 was evaluated in three preclinical mouse models, DX3puroβ6/DX3puro and BxPC-3 (αvβ6+) tumor xenografts and a BxPC-3 orthotopic pancreatic tumor model. RESULTS Peptides were obtained in > 99% purity. IC50 values were 28 nM (2) and 39 nM (3). Rapid αvβ6-selective binding and internalization of 2 was observed. Fluorescent intensity (FLI) measurements extracted from the in vivo images and ex vivo biodistribution confirmed uptake and retention of 3 in the αvβ6 positive subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors, with negligible uptake in the αvβ6-negative tumor. Blocking studies with a known αvβ6-targeting peptide demonstrated αvβ6-specific binding of 3. CONCLUSION Two fluorescence imaging agents were developed. The αvβ6-specific uptake, internalization, and endosomal localization of the fluorescence agent 2 demonstrates potential for targeted therapy. The selective uptake and retention of 3 in the αvβ6-positive tumors enabled clear delineation of the tumors and surgical resection indicating 3 has the potential to be utilized during image-guided surgery.
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Sachindra S, Hellberg T, Exner S, Prasad S, Beindorff N, Rogalla S, Kimura R, Gambhir SS, Wiedenmann B, Grötzinger C. SPECT/CT Imaging, Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of a 177Lu-DOTA-Integrin αvβ6 Cystine Knot Peptide in a Pancreatic Cancer Xenograft Model. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684713. [PMID: 34136410 PMCID: PMC8200818 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignant neoplasms, as many cases go undetected until they reach an advanced stage. Integrin αvβ6 is a cell surface receptor overexpressed in PDAC. Consequently, it may serve as a target for the development of probes for imaging diagnosis and radioligand therapy. Engineered cystine knottin peptides specific for integrin αvβ6 have recently been developed showing high affinity and stability. This study aimed to evaluate an integrin αvβ6-specific knottin molecular probe containing the therapeutic radionuclide 177Lu for targeting of PDAC. METHODS The expression of integrin αvβ6 in PDAC cell lines BxPC-3 and Capan-2 was analyzed using RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. In vitro competition and saturation radioligand binding assays were performed to calculate the binding affinity of the DOTA-coupled tracer loaded with and without lutetium to BxPC-3 and Capan-2 cell lines as well as the maximum number of binding sites in these cell lines. To evaluate tracer accumulation in the tumor and organs, SPECT/CT, biodistribution and dosimetry projections were carried out using a Capan-2 xenograft tumor mouse model. RESULTS RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence results showed high expression of integrin αvβ6 in BxPC-3 and Capan-2 cells. A competition binding assay revealed high affinity of the tracer with IC50 values of 1.69 nM and 9.46 nM for BxPC-3 and Capan-2, respectively. SPECT/CT and biodistribution analysis of the conjugate 177Lu-DOTA-integrin αvβ6 knottin demonstrated accumulation in Capan-2 xenograft tumors (3.13 ± 0.63%IA/g at day 1 post injection) with kidney uptake at 19.2 ± 2.5 %IA/g, declining much more rapidly than in tumors. CONCLUSION 177Lu-DOTA-integrin αvβ6 knottin was found to be a high-affinity tracer for PDAC tumors with considerable tumor accumulation and moderate, rapidly declining kidney uptake. These promising results warrant a preclinical treatment study to establish therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachindra Sachindra
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Teresa Hellberg
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samantha Exner
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonal Prasad
- Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Beindorff
- Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Rogalla
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Richard Kimura
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Bertram Wiedenmann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Grötzinger
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Huang J, Zhang L, Wan D, Zhou L, Zheng S, Lin S, Qiao Y. Extracellular matrix and its therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:153. [PMID: 33888679 PMCID: PMC8062524 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major components of tumors that plays multiple crucial roles, including mechanical support, modulation of the microenvironment, and a source of signaling molecules. The quantity and cross-linking status of ECM components are major factors determining tissue stiffness. During tumorigenesis, the interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) often results in the stiffness of the ECM, leading to aberrant mechanotransduction and further malignant transformation. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of ECM dysregulation in the TME would contribute to the discovery of promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Herein, we summarized the knowledge concerning the following: (1) major ECM constituents and their functions in both normal and malignant conditions; (2) the interplay between cancer cells and the ECM in the TME; (3) key receptors for mechanotransduction and their alteration during carcinogenesis; and (4) the current therapeutic strategies targeting aberrant ECM for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dalong Wan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shengzhang Lin
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Desnoyers A, González C, Pérez-Segura P, Pandiella A, Amir E, Ocaña A. Integrin ανβ6 Protein Expression and Prognosis in Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:143-151. [PMID: 32100239 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Integrins are a family of adhesion receptor proteins that provide signaling from the extracellular matrix to the cytoplasm. They have been associated with cancer by promoting migration, invasion, metastasis, and survival. ανβ6 integrin is upregulated in several tumors. Here, we evaluate the prognostic impact of ανβ6 integrin protein expression in solid tumors. METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases identified publications exploring the effect of ανβ6 integrin on overall survival (OS). Hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled in a meta-analysis using generic inverse variance and random effects modeling. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on tumor site, tumor stage, antibody used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and method for extraction of the HR. A meta-regression explored the influence of clinical variables on the magnitude of effect of ανβ6 integrins on OS. RESULTS Seventeen studies comprising 5795 patients met the inclusion criteria. High ανβ6 integrin expression in tumors was associated with worse OS (HR 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-2.06; Cochran's Q p < 0.001, I2 = 81%). Adverse outcomes were similar in all tumor sites (subgroup difference p = 0.10), with the strongest association between ανβ6 integrins and OS in gastric cancer (HR 2.20, 95% CI 1.71-2.83) and the lowest in head and neck cancer (HR 1.21, 95% CI 0.79-1.83). There was no significant difference between early-stage and metastatic cancer, type of IHC antibodies, and analysis methods. CONCLUSIONS High expression of ανβ6 integrins is associated with adverse survival outcome in several tumors. Prospective studies evaluating the prognostic impact of ανβ6 integrin and its role as a therapeutic target are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Desnoyers
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos González
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,CIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), Albacete, Spain
| | - Pedro Pérez-Segura
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,CIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eitan Amir
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain. .,Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), Albacete, Spain.
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Cardle II, Jensen MC, Pun SH, Sellers DL. Optimized serum stability and specificity of an αvβ6 integrin-binding peptide for tumor targeting. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100657. [PMID: 33857478 PMCID: PMC8138772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin αvβ6 is an antigen expressed at low levels in healthy tissue but upregulated during tumorigenesis, which makes it a promising target for cancer imaging and therapy. A20FMDV2 is a 20-mer peptide derived from the foot-and-mouth disease virus that exhibits nanomolar and selective affinity for αvβ6 versus other integrins. Despite this selectivity, A20FMDV2 has had limited success in imaging and treating αvβ6+ tumors in vivo because of its poor serum stability. Here, we explore the cyclization and modification of the A20FMDV2 peptide to improve its serum stability without sacrificing its affinity and specificity for αvβ6. Using cysteine amino acid substitutions and cyclization by perfluoroarylation with decafluorobiphenyl, we synthesized six cyclized A20FMDV2 variants and discovered that two retained binding to αvβ6 with modestly improved serum stability. Further d-amino acid substitutions and C-terminal sequence optimization outside the cyclized region greatly prolonged peptide serum stability without reducing binding affinity. While the cyclized A20FMDV2 variants exhibited increased nonspecific integrin binding compared with the original peptide, additional modifications with the non-natural amino acids citrulline, hydroxyproline, and d-alanine were found to restore binding specificity, with some modifications leading to greater αvβ6 integrin selectivity than the original A20FMDV2 peptide. The peptide modifications detailed herein greatly improve the potential of utilizing A20FMDV2 to target αvβ6 in vivo, expanding opportunities for cancer targeting and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian I Cardle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Seattle Children's Therapeutics, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael C Jensen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Seattle Children's Therapeutics, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Drew L Sellers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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The Extracellular Matrix: An Accomplice in Gastric Cancer Development and Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020394. [PMID: 32046329 PMCID: PMC7072625 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and highly organized tissue structure, providing support and maintaining normal epithelial architecture. In the last decade, increasing evidence has emerged demonstrating that alterations in ECM composition and assembly strongly affect cellular function and behavior. Even though the detailed mechanisms underlying cell-ECM crosstalk are yet to unravel, it is well established that ECM deregulation accompanies the development of many pathological conditions, such as gastric cancer. Notably, gastric cancer remains a worldwide concern, representing the third most frequent cause of cancer-associated deaths. Despite increased surveillance protocols, patients are usually diagnosed at advanced disease stages, urging the identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers and efficient therapeutic strategies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview regarding expression patterns of ECM components and cognate receptors described in normal gastric epithelium, pre-malignant lesions, and gastric carcinomas. Important insights are also discussed for the use of ECM-associated molecules as predictive biomarkers of the disease or as potential targets in gastric cancer.
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FARP1 boosts CDC42 activity from integrin αvβ5 signaling and correlates with poor prognosis of advanced gastric cancer. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:13. [PMID: 32029704 PMCID: PMC7005035 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the poor prognosis of most advanced cancers, prevention of invasion and metastasis is essential for disease control. Ras homologous (Rho) guanine exchange factors (GEFs) and their signaling cascade could be potential therapeutic targets in advanced cancers. We conducted in silico analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas expression data to identify candidate Rho-GEF genes showing aberrant expression in advanced gastric cancer and found FERM, Rho/ArhGEF, and pleckstrin domain protein 1 (FARP1) expression is related to poor prognosis. Analyses in 91 clinical advanced gastric cancers of the relationship of prognosis and pathological factors with immunohistochemical expression of FARP1 indicated that high expression of FARP1 is significantly associated with lymphatic invasion, lymph metastasis, and poor prognosis of the patients (P = 0.025). In gastric cancer cells, FARP1 knockdown decreased cell motility, whereas FARP1 overexpression promoted cell motility and filopodium formation via CDC42 activation. FARP1 interacted with integrin β5, and a potent integrin αvβ5 inhibitor (SB273005) prevented cell motility in only high FARP1-expressing gastric cancer cells. These results suggest that the integrin αvβ5-FARP1-CDC42 axis plays a crucial role in gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. Thus, regulatory cascade upstream of Rho can be a specific and promising target of advanced cancer treatment.
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15
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β4 and β6 Integrin Expression Is Associated with the Subclassification and Clinicopathological Features of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041004. [PMID: 29584696 PMCID: PMC5979350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a heterogeneous group of cancers of the intrahepatic biliary tract. However, few studies have evaluated integrin expression according to an ICC subgroup. We immunohistochemically investigated α6β4 (β4) and αvβ6 (β6) integrin expressions in 48 ICCs, and evaluated their relationship with clinical and pathological parameters and ligand expression, as well as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. β4 and β6 expressions were detected in 46 (96%) and 35 (73%) ICC cases, respectively. We classified ICC into negative, low (β4, 29 cases; β6, 36 cases), or high (β4, 19 cases; β6, 12 cases) integrin expression groups. β4 and β6 integrin levels were higher in the non-peripheral central localization type ICC than in the peripheral localization type; they were also higher in the periductal-infiltrating or intraductal-growth types than in the mass-forming type ICC; lastly, they were higher in the well-differentiated type than in the poorly-differentiated type ICC. High expression was related to bile duct invasion. In addition, β4 and β6 expressions were associated with mucin production and the expression of cytoplasmic epithelial membrane antigen, laminin-5, and tenascin-C. TGF-β1 was correlated with β6 expression and poor overall survival. These results suggest that integrin expression is associated with subclassification and clinicopathological features of ICC through the coincident expression of their ligands and TGF-β1.
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Paolillo M, Schinelli S. Integrins and Exosomes, a Dangerous Liaison in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9080095. [PMID: 28933725 PMCID: PMC5575598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9080095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin activity and function is classically related to the bi-directional regulation of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) contacts that regulate a number of cell pathways linked to cell adhesion, cell detachment from ECM, cell migration, and anoikis. Interestingly, emerging data continue to uncover new roles for integrins in cancer-relevant pathways, particularly concerning the regulation of immune cell activity in the tumor niche, like myeloid cell differentiation and function and, very recently, the regulation of metastatic processes by exosomes. Exosomes are deeply involved in cell-cell communication processes and several studies have shown that integrins found in tumor-associated exosomes can promote cancer progression by two novel cooperative mechanisms: horizontal transfer of integrin transcripts as vescicle cargo, and selection of target tissues to form new tumor niches during metastatic spread by integrins carried on the exosome’s surface. In this review we will discuss mounting evidence that contribute to the development of a new picture for integrins in cancer, highlighting the role of integrins in the processes that leads to tumor niche formation. In particular, the role of the periostin pathway in the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages, and the proposed contribution of exosome-derived integrins in the metastatic spread will be discussed. Finally, in light of the above considerations, an evaluation of integrins as possible therapeutic targets will be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Paolillo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Sergio Schinelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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18
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Zhang C, Kimura R, Abou-Elkacem L, Levi J, Xu L, Gambhir SS. A Cystine Knot Peptide Targeting Integrin αvβ6 for Photoacoustic and Fluorescence Imaging of Tumors in Living Subjects. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1629-1634. [PMID: 27230926 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.169383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging is a nonionizing biomedical imaging modality with higher resolution and imaging depth than fluorescence imaging, which has greater sensitivity. The combination of the 2 imaging modalities could improve the detection of cancer. Integrin αvβ6 is a cell surface marker overexpressed in many different cancers. Here, we report the development and evaluation of a dye-labeled cystine knot peptide, which selectively recognizes integrin αvβ6 with high affinity, for photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging. The new dual-modality probe may find clinical application in cancer diagnosis and intraoperative imaging of integrin αvβ6-positive tumors. METHODS An engineered cystine knot peptide, R01, that recognizes integrin αvβ6 was labeled with Atto 740 (A740) and evaluated for its specific cell uptake and its sensitivity threshold. A740-R01 was injected via the tail vein into nude mice xenografted with A431 (integrin αvβ6-positive) or 293T (integrin αvβ6-negative) tumors. Photoacoustic and fluorescence scans of tumors were acquired before and at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after injection of A740-R01. Dynamic photoacoustic scans of various normal organs were also acquired. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging of tissues was performed 1 h after injection. RESULTS The A740-R01 demonstrated integrin αvβ6-dependent binding to A431 cells in culture. Sensitivity studies indicated that the probe may potentially detect lesions as small as 1 or 6 mm3 by fluorescence or photoacoustic imaging, respectively. The photoacoustic and fluorescence signals of A431 xenografts at 1 h after injection were 1.87 ± 0.25 arbitrary units (AU) and 8.27 ± 0.87 AU, respectively. Target specificity was confirmed by low tumor uptake in 293T tumors at 1 h after injection (1.07 ± 0.15 AU and 1.10 ± 0.14 AU for photoacoustic and fluorescence signals, respectively). A740-R01 exhibited hepatobiliary clearance marked by high uptake in the liver, spleen, and intestine but low uptake in the kidneys. CONCLUSION A740-R01 specifically targeted integrin αvβ6 with low nanomolar affinity. A740-R01 was able to detect integrin αvβ6 both in vitro and in vivo by photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging. A740-R01 is able to detect αvβ6-positive tumors in living subjects and may have clinical application in cancer diagnosis and real-time image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Richard Kimura
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Lotfi Abou-Elkacem
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Jelena Levi
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Lingyun Xu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
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Raffaghello L, Vacca A, Pistoia V, Ribatti D. Cancer associated fibroblasts in hematological malignancies. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2589-603. [PMID: 25474039 PMCID: PMC4413603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression. In hematological malignancies, the bone marrow represents the paradigmatic anatomical site in which tumor microenvironment expresses its morphofunctional features. Among the cells participating in the composition of this microenvironment, cancer associated fibrobasts (CAFs) have received less attention in hematopoietic tumors compared to solid cancers. In this review article, we discuss the involvement of CAFs in progression of hematological malignancies and the potential targeting of CAFs in a therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy, National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
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20
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Böger C, Warneke VS, Behrens HM, Kalthoff H, Goodman SL, Becker T, Röcken C. Integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2015; 18:784-95. [PMID: 25315085 PMCID: PMC4572058 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-014-0435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the expression of two αv integrins, αvβ3 and αvβ5, in gastric cancer (GC) by testing the following hypotheses: that these molecules are expressed in GC; that they are implicated in GC biology; that they help to distinguish between the two major histological subtypes of GC, according to Laurén; and that they are prognostically relevant. METHODS Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 482 GC samples were stained immunohistochemically using rabbit monoclonal antibodies directed against αvβ3 (EM22703) and αvβ5 (EM09902). Immunostaining of tumor, stroma, and endothelial cells was evaluated separately by the quantity and intensity, generating an immunoreactivity score. The immunoreactivity score of both antibodies was correlated with clinicopathology data and patient survival. RESULTS Each integrin was expressed in at least one tumor component in all GCs. Both were expressed significantly more often in the intestinal phenotype according to Laurén. Moreover, patients who grouped as "positive" for expression of αvβ3 on endothelial cells, and patients with an intestinal type GC, grouped as "negative" for expression of αvβ5 on stroma cells, had significantly longer survival. The expression of αvβ5 on stroma cells was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor of intestinal-type GC. CONCLUSION The expression of αvβ3 and αvβ5 in at least one tumor component in all GC samples is an interesting new result that should form a basis for further investigations; for example, regarding selective integrin antagonists and the value of αvβ3 and αvβ5 as putative prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, both markers might be helpful in the routine classification of GC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Böger
- Department of Pathology, Christian Albrechts University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 14, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Viktoria S Warneke
- Department of Pathology, Christian Albrechts University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 14, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Behrens
- Department of Pathology, Christian Albrechts University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 14, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Department of Experimental Cancer Research, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon L Goodman
- Oncology Platform, Department of Translational and Biomarkers Research, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of General Surgery and Thoracic Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Christian Albrechts University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 14, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Yang GY, Guo S, Dong CY, Wang XQ, Hu BY, Liu YF, Chen YW, Niu J, Dong JH. Integrin αvβ6 sustains and promotes tumor invasive growth in colon cancer progression. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:7457-7467. [PMID: 26139991 PMCID: PMC4481440 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect the mechanism by which colon tumor escapes the growth constraints imposed on normal cells by cell crowding and dense pericellular matrices.
METHODS: An immunohistochemical study of integrin αvβ6 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was performed on tissue microarrays of 200 spots, including 100 cases of colon tumors.
RESULTS: High immunoreactivity for αvβ6 (73.7%; 28/38) and MMP-9 (76.5%; 52/68) was observed in invasive tumor portions. Furthermore, the effects of integrin αvβ6 on tumor invasive growth in nude mice were detected. Tumor invasive growth and high expression of both αvβ6 and MMP-9 were only seen in tumors resulting from WiDr cells expressing αvβ6 in the tumorigenicity assay. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze αvβ6 expression in colon cancer WiDr and SW480 cells. The effects of cell density on αvβ6 expression and MMP-9 secretion were also detected by Biotrak MMP-9 activity assay and gelatin zymography assay. High cell density evidently enhanced αvβ6 expression and promoted MMP-9 secretion compared with low density.
CONCLUSION: Integrin αvβ6 sustains and promotes tumor invasive growth in tumor progression via a self-perpetuating mechanism. Integrin ανβ6-mediated MMP-9 secretion facilitates pericellular matrix degradation at high cell density, which provides the basis of invasive growth.
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Adhesion of several cell lines to Helicobacter pylori CagL is mediated by integrin αVβ6 via an RGDLXXL motif. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:1304-1315. [PMID: 25617764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system pilus protein CagL mediates interaction with host cells via its RGD motif. Here, we analyzed prerequisites for this interaction within CagL and on host cells. Various human cell lines were tested for adhesion to CagL. HT-29 and 23132/87 cells adhered to immobilized recombinant CagL in an RGD-dependent manner, while 293T (human embryonic kidney) and A549 cells did not. In a competitive ELISA, CagL competed with fibronectin for binding to the ectodomains of integrins αVβ6 and αVβ8 but not of αVβ1, αVβ3, αVβ5 and α5β1. Integrin αVβ6 acts as receptor for several viruses exposing an RGDLXXL motif. CagL also contains an RGDLXXL sequence. We individually mutated Leu79 and Leu82 of this motif to threonine, although both leucines are buried in the hydrophobic core. Surprisingly, the ability of CagL variants L79T and L82T to support adhesion was significantly reduced for 23132/87 cells and lost for MKN-45 and HT-29 cells. The role of integrin αVβ6 in adhesion to CagL was investigated using SW480 cells transfected with the integrin β6 subunit (SW480β6). These cells adhered to CagL in an RGD-dependent manner, while mock-transfected SW480 cells did not. The antibody 3G9 that blocks the function of integrin αVβ6 inhibited adhesion of SW480β6, MKN-45, 23132/87 and HT-29 cells to CagL. In summary, CagL features an RGDLXXL motif facilitating adhesion of several human cell lines via integrin αVβ6. The buried location of Leu79 and Leu82 supports our previously published hypothesis that CagL partly unfolds upon integrin binding.
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Ahn SB, Mohamedali A, Chan C, Fletcher J, Kwun SY, Clarke C, Dent OF, Chapuis PH, Nice E, Baker MS. Correlations between integrin ανβ6 expression and clinico-pathological features in stage B and stage C rectal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97248. [PMID: 24821188 PMCID: PMC4018280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin ανβ6 is highly expressed in a range of human cancers and frequently correlates with patient survival. This study examines correlations between ανβ6 expression and patient clinico-pathological features in Stage B and Stage C rectal cancer, including overall survival. Expression of ανβ6 was measured in 362 Stage B or C rectal cancer tissue samples at the tumour central region, invasive tumour front and adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa using immunohistochemistry. Distribution of ανβ6 was found to be significantly higher at the invasive front compared to central regions of the tumour (p<0.001) or adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa (p<0.001) suggesting ανβ6 plays a role in tumour cell invasion. However, integrin ανβ6 expression was not associated with clinico-pathological features or overall survival indicating it is not an independent prognostic marker differentiating Stage B or C rectal cancer. Previous ανβ6 studies have suggested the expression of ανβ6 is involved in the earlier stages (i.e. Stages A/B) of tumour progression rather than the later stages (i.e. Stages C/D). However, our study has revealed that in rectal cancer ανβ6 expression does not increase between Stages B and C, but may occur earlier, namely before or during Stage B cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Ahn
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Abidali Mohamedali
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles Chan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie Fletcher
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sun Young Kwun
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Candice Clarke
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Owen F. Dent
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pierre H. Chapuis
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edouard Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark S. Baker
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Tumor-associated mesothelial cells are negative prognostic factors in gastric cancer and promote peritoneal dissemination of adherent gastric cancer cells by chemotaxis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6105-11. [PMID: 24615523 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is highly frequent in gastric cancer. Damage to human peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC) barriers provokes gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination (GCPD), the key events during GCPD, is characterized by fibroblastic development. In this study, we have studied the association between fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression in peritoneum and the pathological features of the primary tumor. The clinical prognosis of gastric cancer patients was evaluated according to FAP expression. In a gastric cancer cell-HPMC co-culture system, expression of E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin, and FAP were evaluated by Western blotting. Gastric cancer cell migration and adhesion to HPMC were also assayed. Our results showed positive peritoneal staining of FAP in 36/86 cases (41.9 %), which was associated with a higher TNM stage in primary gastric cancer and higher incidence of GCPD (both p<0.05). Survival analysis showed FAP expression was an independent prognostic factor of poor survival (p=0.02). Peritoneum of FAP-positive expression exhibited a distinct fibrotic development and expressed higher level of the mesenchymal marker α-SMA, which was confirmed by the in vitro Western blot assay. In HPMC and gastric cancer cell adherence assay, SGC-7901 cells preferentially adhered to TA-HPMC at different cell densities (both p<0.05). Additionally, SGC-7901 cells were more prone to chemotaxis by FAP-expressed tumor-associated-human peritoneal mesothelial cells (TA-HPMC) compared with HPMC co-cultured with normal gastric glandular epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner (both p<0.05). Our study indicated a positive correlation between peritoneum FAP expression and GCPD. FAP-expressed TA-HPMC might be an important cellular component and instigator of GCPD.
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Calon A, Tauriello DVF, Batlle E. TGF-beta in CAF-mediated tumor growth and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 25:15-22. [PMID: 24412104 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TGF-beta signaling is one of the major pathways controlling cell and tissue behavior not only in homeostasis but also in disease. During tumorigenesis TGF-beta orchestrated processes are key due to its dual role as tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. Important functions of this pathway have been described in a context-dependent manner both in epithelial cancer cells and in the tumor microenvironment during tumor progression. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most abundant stromal cell types in virtually all solid tumors. CAFs favor malignant progression by providing cancer cells with proliferative, migratory, survival and invasive capacities. A complex network of signaling pathways underlying their tumor-promoting properties is beginning to take shape. In this review, we examine current evidence on the emerging mechanisms involving TGF-beta in CAF-mediated cancer progression, and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calon
- Oncology Department, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - D V F Tauriello
- Oncology Department, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Batlle
- Oncology Department, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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