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Aoki Y, Han Q, Tome Y, Yamamoto J, Kubota Y, Masaki N, Obara K, Hamada K, Wang JD, Inubushi S, Bouvet M, Clarke SG, Nishida K, Hoffman RM. Reversion of methionine addiction of osteosarcoma cells to methionine independence results in loss of malignancy, modulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype and alteration of histone-H3 lysine-methylation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1009548. [PMID: 36408173 PMCID: PMC9671209 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1009548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Methionine addiction, a fundamental and general hallmark of cancer, known as the Hoffman Effect, is due to altered use of methionine for increased and aberrant transmethylation reactions. However, the linkage of methionine addiction and malignancy of cancer cells is incompletely understood. An isogenic pair of methionine-addicted parental osteosarcoma cells and their rare methionine-independent revertant cells enabled us to compare them for malignancy, their epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype, and pattern of histone-H3 lysine-methylation. Methionine-independent revertant 143B osteosarcoma cells (143B-R) were selected from methionine-addicted parental cells (143B-P) by their chronic growth in low-methionine culture medium for 4 passages, which was depleted of methionine by recombinant methioninase (rMETase). Cell-migration capacity was compared with a wound-healing assay and invasion capability was compared with a transwell assay in 143B-P and 143B-R cells in vitro. Tumor growth and metastatic potential were compared after orthotopic cell-injection into the tibia bone of nude mice in vivo. Epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypic expression and the status of H3 lysine-methylation were determined with western immunoblotting. 143B-P cells had an IC50 of 0.20 U/ml and 143B-R cells had an IC50 of 0.68 U/ml for treatment with rMETase, demonstrating that 143B-R cells had regained the ability to grow in low methionine conditions. 143B-R cells had reduced cell migration and invasion capability in vitro, formed much smaller tumors than 143B-P cells and lost metastatic potential in vivo, indicating loss of malignancy in 143B-R cells. 143B-R cells showed gain of the epithelial marker, ZO-1 and loss of mesenchymal markers, vimentin, Snail, and Slug and, an increase of histone H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 methylation and a decrease of H3K4me3, H3K36me3, and H3K79me3 methylation, along with their loss of malignancy. These results suggest that shifting the balance in histone methylases might be a way to decrease the malignant potential of cells. The present results demonstrate the rationale to target methionine addiction for improved sarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Aoki
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | | | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yutaro Kubota
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Noriyuki Masaki
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Koya Obara
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kazuyuki Hamada
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Justin D. Wang
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA, United States
| | | | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Steven G. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kotaro Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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2
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C-C Chemokine Receptor 7 in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040656. [PMID: 35203305 PMCID: PMC8870371 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) was one of the first two chemokine receptors that were found to be upregulated in breast cancers. Chemokine receptors promote chemotaxis of cells and tissue organization. Since under homeostatic conditions, CCR7 promotes migration of immune cells to lymph nodes, questions immediately arose regarding the ability of CCR7 to direct migration of cancer cells to lymph nodes. The literature since 2000 was examined to determine to what extent the expression of CCR7 in malignant tumors promoted migration to the lymph nodes. The data indicated that in different cancers, CCR7 plays distinct roles in directing cells to lymph nodes, the skin or to the central nervous system. In certain tumors, it may even serve a protective role. Future studies should focus on defining mechanisms that differentially regulate the unfavorable or beneficial role that CCR7 plays in cancer pathophysiology, to be able to improve outcomes in patients who harbor CCR7-positive cancers.
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Damerell V, Pepper MS, Prince S. Molecular mechanisms underpinning sarcomas and implications for current and future therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:246. [PMID: 34188019 PMCID: PMC8241855 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are complex mesenchymal neoplasms with a poor prognosis. Their clinical management is highly challenging due to their heterogeneity and insensitivity to current treatments. Although there have been advances in understanding specific genomic alterations and genetic mutations driving sarcomagenesis, the underlying molecular mechanisms, which are likely to be unique for each sarcoma subtype, are not fully understood. This is in part due to a lack of consensus on the cells of origin, but there is now mounting evidence that they originate from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). To identify novel treatment strategies for sarcomas, research in recent years has adopted a mechanism-based search for molecular markers for targeted therapy which has included recapitulating sarcomagenesis using in vitro and in vivo MSC models. This review provides a comprehensive up to date overview of the molecular mechanisms that underpin sarcomagenesis, the contribution of MSCs to modelling sarcomagenesis in vivo, as well as novel topics such as the role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT)/mesenchymal-to-epithelial-transition (MET) plasticity, exosomes, and microRNAs in sarcomagenesis. It also reviews current therapeutic options including ongoing pre-clinical and clinical studies for targeted sarcoma therapy and discusses new therapeutic avenues such as targeting recently identified molecular pathways and key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Damerell
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Fu Q, Tan X, Tang H, Liu J. CCL21 activation of the MALAT1/SRSF1/mTOR axis underpins the development of gastric carcinoma. J Transl Med 2021; 19:210. [PMID: 34001131 PMCID: PMC8127212 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a significant cause of malignancy mortality, gastric carcinoma (GC) has been well documented to be an often-fatal diagnosis. Despite the limitations of effective therapy, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach capable of killing cancer cells via the immune system. The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of cytokine C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) on GC progression through the metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1/serine arginine-rich splicing factor 1/mammalian target of rapamycin (MALAT1/SRSF1/mTOR) axis. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify the key genes associated with GC and to subsequently predict their downstream genes. The effect of CCL21, MALAT1, and SRSF1 on the malignant phenotypes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells in-vitro and the tumorigenesis of SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells in-vivo were assessed by expression determination and plasmid transfection. Additionally, RNA pull-down and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to determine the MALAT1-microRNA-202-3p (miR-203-3p) interaction and miR-202-3p-SRSF1 interaction followed by the analysis of their effect on the mTOR pathway. RESULTS CCL21 was identified as a key GC immune gene. Overexpressed CCL21, MALAT1, and SRSF1 along with poorly expressed miR-202-3p were identified in the GC cells. CCL21 induced the MALAT1 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Functionally, MALAT1 targeted miR-202-3p but upregulated SRSF1 and activated mTOR. Crucially, evidence was obtained indicating that CCL21 promoted both the malignant phenotypes and EMT of SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells in-vitro and the tumorigenesis of SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells in-vivo by increasing the MALAT1-induced upregulation of SRSF1. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the key observations of our study provide evidence that CCL21 enhances the progression of GC via the MALAT1/SRSF1/mTOR axis, providing a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianmei Fu
- Oncology Department, The People's Hospital of Kaizhou District, Chongqing, 405400, People's Republic of China.,General Surgery Department, The People's Hospital of Kaizhou District, Chongqing, 405400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- Oncology Department, The People's Hospital of Kaizhou District, Chongqing, 405400, People's Republic of China.,General Surgery Department, The People's Hospital of Kaizhou District, Chongqing, 405400, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaming Tang
- General Surgery Department, The People's Hospital of Kaizhou District, Chongqing, 405400, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Kaizhou District, No. 8, Ankang Road, Kaizhou District, Chongqing, 405400, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jijiang Liu
- General Surgery Department, The People's Hospital of Kaizhou District, Chongqing, 405400, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Kaizhou District, No. 8, Ankang Road, Kaizhou District, Chongqing, 405400, People's Republic of China.
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Ding J, Xia Y, Yu Z, Wen J, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Jiang Z, Liu H, Liao G. Identification of upstream miRNAs of SNAI2 and their influence on the metastasis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:289. [PMID: 31749661 PMCID: PMC6852720 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SNAI2, a member of the snail zinc finger protein family, plays an important role in the metastasis of several types of carcinoma. Objective This study aims to investigate the upstream miRNAs of SNAI2 and their influence on the metastasis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Methods The expression levels of SNAI2, CDH1, and CDH2 in GISTs were determined by immunohistochemistry, and the correlations with their clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed. Subsequently, the miRNAs involved in regulating SNAI2 expression were predicted by bioinformatics technique, screened by miRNA microarray tests, and verified by real-time PCR, dual luciferase reporter assay, and invasion assay. The influence of SNAI2 and miRNAs on the invasive ability of the GIST cells and the related mechanism were detected. Outcomes SNAI2 expression significantly increased and CDH1 expression markedly decreased in the cases of GISTs with distant metastasis. Silencing of the SNAI2 gene impaired the invasiveness of GIST cells in vitro. MiR-200b-3p, miR-30c-1-3P, and miR-363-3P were verified as the upstream metastasis-associated miRNAs of SNAI2 in GISTs by miRNA microarray, real-time PCR, dual luciferase reporter assay, and invasion assay. They bound to the 3′-UTR of SNAI2, downregulated SNAI2 expression, and inhibited the invasiveness of GIST cells. SNAI2 targetedly bound to the promoter of the CDH1 gene, downregulated the expression of CDH1, and contributed to the metastasis of GISTs. Conclusion SNAI2 and CDH1 correlated with the metastasis of GISTs, and silencing of the SNAI2 gene impaired the invasiveness of GIST cells. MiR-200b-3p, miR-30c-1-3P, and miR-363-3P contribute to the metastasis of GISTs in vitro by mediating the SNAI2/CDH1 axis. SNAI2 may be a potential target for the treatment of GISTs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- 1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 East Zhongshan Rd, Guiyang, 550002 Guizhou China
| | - Yu Xia
- 2Department of Stomatology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002 China
| | - Zhaoyan Yu
- 1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 East Zhongshan Rd, Guiyang, 550002 Guizhou China
| | - Jing Wen
- 3Department of Pathology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002 China
| | - Zhuxue Zhang
- 3Department of Pathology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002 China
| | - Zhongmin Zhang
- 1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 East Zhongshan Rd, Guiyang, 550002 Guizhou China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- 1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 East Zhongshan Rd, Guiyang, 550002 Guizhou China
| | - Zhuan Jiang
- 1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 East Zhongshan Rd, Guiyang, 550002 Guizhou China
| | - Hang Liu
- 1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 East Zhongshan Rd, Guiyang, 550002 Guizhou China
| | - Guoqing Liao
- 4Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
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Fan H, Wang W, Yan J, Xiao L, Yang L. Prognostic significance of CXCR7 in cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:212. [PMID: 30574021 PMCID: PMC6300004 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CXC chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) is frequently overexpressed in a variety of tumors. Nevertheless, whether CXCR7 can be used as a tumor prognosis marker has not been systematically assessed. The current meta-analysis was performed to obtain an accurate evaluation of the relationship between CXCR7 level and the prognosis of cancer patients. Methods Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed were systematically searched according to a defined search strategy up to June 11, 2018. Then, the required data were extracted from all qualified studies which were screened out based on the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, the hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of CXCR7 in tumor patients. Results A total of 28 original research studies comprising 33 cohorts and 5685 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that CXCR7 overexpression was significantly related to worse overall survival (OS) (HR 1.72; 95% CI 1.49–1.99), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 5.58; 95% CI 3.16–9.85), progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 2.83; 95% CI 1.66–4.85) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR 1.58; 95% CI 1.34–1.88) in cancer patients. Furthermore, for certain types of cancer, significant associations between higher CXCR7 expression and worse OS of glioma (HR 1.77; 95% CI 1.43–2.19), breast cancer (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.28–1.63), esophageal cancer (HR 2.72; 95% CI 1.11–6.66) and pancreatic cancer (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.12–1.90) were found. However, for lung cancer and hepatocellular cancer, there was no significant relationship between CXCR7 expression level and OS, (HR 2.40; 95% CI 0.34–17.07) and (HR 1.37; 95% CI 0.84–2.24) respectively. Conclusions Increased CXCR7 level could predict poor prognosis of tumor patients and might be regarded as a novel prognostic biomarker for tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqian Fan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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7
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Zhao Q, Zhang P, Qin G, Ren F, Zheng Y, Qiao Y, Sun T, Zhang Y. Role of CXCR7 as a Common Predictor for Prognosis in Solid Tumors: a Meta-Analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:3138-3148. [PMID: 30210637 PMCID: PMC6134830 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence indicated that the CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 7 (CXCR7) was overexpressed in a variety of tumors. However, the value of the CXCR7 expression in predicting prognosis in solid tumors remains controversial. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between CXCR7 expression and lymph node metastasis (LNM), tumor pathological grade and survival, including overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Methods: Eligible studies were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and PMC up to April 2018. A total of 27 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were used as effect measures. Results: The meta-analysis showed that high expression of CXCR7 predicted a high risk of LNM (pooled OR = 2.22, 95%CI: 1.41-3.50), high tumor grade (pooled OR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.20-3.13), poor OS (pooled HR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.30-2.03), and poor DFS/RFS (pooled HR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.21-2.43). Subgroup analysis showed that CXCR7 expression had a positive correlation with LNM in pan-adenocarcinoma subgroup (pooled OR = 3.73, 95%CI: 2.21-6.30), while no correlation was found in pan-squamous cancer subgroup (pooled OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 0.56-2.96). Subgroup analysis of tumor grade revealed that high expression of CXCR7 predicted high tumor grade both in pan-squamous cancer and pan-adenocarcinoma (pooled OR = 3.58, 95%CI: 1.39-9.22, pooled OR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.20-4.20). As in OS group, we divided the data based on analysis method and it turned out that overexpressed CXCR7 predicted worse OS both in multivariate analysis (pooled HR =1.57, 95%CI: 1.12-2.01) and univariate analysis subgroup (pooled HR =1.86, 95%CI: 1.23-2.49). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis revealed that high expression of CXCR7 predicted unfavorable prognosis and may serve as potential targets of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitai Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Penghua Zhang
- Imaging Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yamin Qiao
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Wang L, Zhao XY, Zhu JS, Chen NW, Fan HN, Yang W, Guo JH. CCR7 regulates ANO6 to promote migration of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells via the ERK signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2599-2605. [PMID: 30013654 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in migratory ability of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells is a key event in the development of metastasis to the lymph nodes and distant organs. Although the C-C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and its ligand, C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21), have been revealed to serve an important role in tumor migration, their precise roles and potential underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The present study revealed that overexpression of CCR7 significantly promoted BxPC-3 cell migration, accompanied by the induction of anoctamin 6 (ANO6) expression, indicating that ANO6 is a downstream target of CCR7 signaling. Furthermore, the level of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was significantly increased in CCR7-overexpressing BxPC-3 cells, indicating that ERK may be a potential mediator of CCR7-regulated ANO6 expression in BxPC-3 cells. To characterize the receptor-mediated pathway, a specific ERK inhibitor, U0126, was used, which reduced BxPC-3 cell migration and the expression of ANO6. In summary, the results of the present study demonstrate that CCR7 promoted BxPC-3 cell migration by regulating ANO6 expression perhaps via activation of the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yun Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Shui Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Ni-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ning Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Hui Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Collateral Damage Intended-Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Vasculature Are Potential Targets in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112355. [PMID: 29112161 PMCID: PMC5713324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
After oncogenic transformation, tumor cells rewire their metabolism to obtain sufficient energy and biochemical building blocks for cell proliferation, even under hypoxic conditions. Glucose and glutamine become their major limiting nutritional demands. Instead of being autonomous, tumor cells change their immediate environment not only by their metabolites but also by mediators, such as juxtacrine cell contacts, chemokines and other cytokines. Thus, the tumor cells shape their microenvironment as well as induce resident cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells (ECs), to support them. Fibroblasts differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which produce a qualitatively and quantitatively different extracellular matrix (ECM). By their contractile power, they exert tensile forces onto this ECM, leading to increased intratumoral pressure. Moreover, along with enhanced cross-linkage of the ECM components, CAFs thus stiffen the ECM. Attracted by tumor cell- and CAF-secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ECs sprout from pre-existing blood vessels during tumor-induced angiogenesis. Tumor vessels are distinct from EC-lined vessels, because tumor cells integrate into the endothelium or even mimic and replace it in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) vessels. Not only the VM vessels but also the characteristically malformed EC-lined tumor vessels are typical for tumor tissue and may represent promising targets in cancer therapy.
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10
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Bao X, Ren T, Huang Y, Wang S, Zhang F, Liu K, Zheng B, Guo W. Induction of the mesenchymal to epithelial transition by demethylation-activated microRNA-125b is involved in the anti-migration/invasion effects of arsenic trioxide on human chondrosarcoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:129. [PMID: 27576314 PMCID: PMC5006509 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background In addition to treating acute promyelocytic leukemia, arsenic trioxide (ATO) suppresses other solid tumors, including chondrosarcoma. However, the effects of ATO on metastasis in chondrosarcoma cells, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Methods The effects of ATO on the migratory and invasive capacities of chondrosarcoma cells were investigated by Wound healing, Transwell and EMT assays. The expression of miR-125b in human chondrosarcoma tissues and cell lines was detected by real-time PCR analysis. Bisulfite sequencing analysis (BSP) was used to detect the effects of ATO on the expression of miR-125b. The gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments were performed on chondrosarcoma cell lines to investigate the effects of miR-125b on chondrosarcoma invasion, and to determine whether signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) mediates these effects. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to identify whether Stat3 is a direct target of miR-125b. Results MiR-125b was significantly downregulated in human metastatic chondrosarcoma tissues and cell lines but not in non-metastatic chondrosarcoma tissues. ATO up-regulates the expression of miR-125b by the demethylation of DNA. ATO induces MET and attenuates the invasive capacities of chondrosarcoma cells through miR-125b. Stat3 was verified as a direct target of miR-125b, which is involved in ATO regulating EMT-associated traits. Conclusions These findings, for the first time, provides evidence that the miR-125b-mediated inhibition of Stat3 is involved in the ATO-induced attenuation of metastasis in chondrosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Bao
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Huang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shidong Wang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuisheng Liu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxin Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
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Shi M, Chen D, Yang D, Liu XY. CCL21-CCR7 promotes the lymph node metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by up-regulating MUC1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:149. [PMID: 26667143 PMCID: PMC4678529 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background CCR7 and MUC1 are correlated with lymph node metastasis in ESCC, but the role of MUC1 in the CCR7-induced lymphatic metastasis and the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. Methods The expression of CCR7 and MUC1 was detected in the ESCC samples by IHC, and the clinical significance of CCR7 and MUC1 in ESCC was analyzed. The expression of CCR7 and MUC1 in ESCC cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. The effect of CCL21 on the migration and invasion of ESCC cells was determined by transwell assay. The activity of MUC1 promoter was determined by luciferase reporter assay. The activation of Erk, Akt and Sp1 was detected by western blot and the binding of Sp1 to the MUC1 promoter was determined by ChIP. Results The co-expression of CCR7 and MUC1 was detected in 153 ESCC samples by IHC, and both were correlated with lymph node metastasis, regional lymphatic recurrence and poor prognosis. Correspondingly, increasing levels of MUC1 mRNA and protein were detected in the ESCC cell lines KYSE410 and Eca9706 after treatment with CCL21 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, silencing MUC1 could remarkably suppress the invasion and migration of ESCC cells induced by CCL21. Moreover, heterologous CCR7 promoted the invasion and migration of KYSE150 and up-regulated MUC1 expression. Increasing levels of activated ERK1/2 and Akt were detected in KYSE410 after treating the cells with CCL21, and inhibiting the activation of ERK1/2 but not Akt caused the increased transcription of MUC1. Finally, the phosphorylation of Sp1 induced by ERK1/2 and subsequent increases in the binding of Sp1 to the muc1 promoter at −99/−90 were confirmed to cause the up-regulation of MUC1 induced by CCL21-CCR7. Conclusions Our findings suggested that MUC1 plays an important role in CCL21-CCR7-induced lymphatic metastasis and may serve as a therapeutic target in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Oncology of Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China.
| | - Xiang-Yan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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