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Li Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Shen Y, Wang X, Li X, Wang Y, Yu T, Lv J, Qin Y. Flagellar hook protein FlgE promotes macrophage activation and atherosclerosis by targeting ATP5B. Atherosclerosis 2024; 390:117429. [PMID: 38278062 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections are strongly linked to the development of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously confirmed that the flagellar hook protein FlgE in P. aeruginosa has immunostimulatory effects. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of action of FlgE on atherogenesis. METHODS ApoE-/- mice were intravenously challenged with FlgE or FlgEM recombinant proteins for eight weeks. A murine model of chronic lung colonization was established using beads containing either mutable- or wild-type bacteria. Aortic sinus sections were stained to assess atherosclerosis progression. THP-1 macrophages exposed to FlgE or FlgEM were evaluated for their effects on lipid uptake and inflammation in vitro. Western blotting and pull-down assays were used to identify the binding proteins and signaling pathways involved, and specific blocking experiments were performed to confirm these effects. RESULTS FlgE accelerated atherosclerosis progression by triggering lipid deposition and inflammatory responses in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mice. In comparison to infection with wild-type PAO1, infection with PAO1/flgEΔBmF resulted in reduced atherosclerosis. Mechanistic analysis indicated that FlgE exacerbated lipoprotein uptake and foam cell formation by upregulating SR-A1 expression. Moreover, FlgE activated NF-κB and MAPK signaling, which subsequently led to inflammatory responses in THP-1-derived macrophages. Pull-down assays revealed that FlgE directly interacted with ATP5B, whereas blocking ATP5B attenuated FlgE-induced responses in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS FlgE induces macrophage lipid uptake and pro-inflammatory responses mediated by ATP5B/NF-kB/AP-1 signaling, which eventually results in atherosclerosis. These findings support the development of therapeutic strategies for P. aeruginosa infection-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Examination, People's Hospital of Rizhao City, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Rizhao, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Examination, People's Hospital of Rizhao City, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Rizhao, China
| | - Yanmeng Li
- Department of Laboratory Examination, People's Hospital of Rizhao City, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Rizhao, China
| | - Ying Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College, Suchow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Examination, People's Hospital of Rizhao City, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Rizhao, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, China
| | - Yiqiang Wang
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Jie Lv
- Department of Laboratory Examination, People's Hospital of Rizhao City, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Rizhao, China.
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Laboratory Examination, People's Hospital of Rizhao City, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Rizhao, China.
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Pal S, G BR, Mohny FP, Choudhury SG, Karmakar A, Gupta S, Ganguli M. Albumin Nanoparticles Surface Decorated with a Tumor-Homing Peptide Help in Selective Killing of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46721-46737. [PMID: 37756635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe a method of delivery of doxorubicin using a novel tumor-homing peptide-based albumin nanoparticle system to triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC). The absence and reduced expression of the hormone (estrogen, progesterone) and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor 2) receptors, respectively, render TNBC patients nonsusceptible to different available targeted therapies. These peptide-modified nanoparticles could be taken up by TNBC cells more effectively than their bare counterparts. The drug-loaded peptide-modified nanoparticles achieved an optimal but crucial balance between cell killing in cancerous cells and cell survival in the noncancerous ones. This appears to be because of different routes of entry and subsequent fate of the bare and peptide-modified nanoparticles in cancerous and noncancerous cells. In a TNBC mouse model, the peptide-modified system fared better than the free drug in mounting an antitumor response while not being toxic systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simanti Pal
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Betsy Reshma G
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Franklin Pulikkottil Mohny
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | | | - Sarika Gupta
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Munia Ganguli
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Jayathirtha M, Jayaweera T, Whitham D, Petre BA, Neagu AN, Darie CC. Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Nanoliquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins and Tumorigenic Pathways in the MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Line Transfected for Jumping Translocation Breakpoint Protein Overexpression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14714. [PMID: 37834160 PMCID: PMC10572688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of new genes/proteins involved in breast cancer (BC) occurrence is widely used to discover novel biomarkers and understand the molecular mechanisms of BC initiation and progression. The jumping translocation breakpoint (JTB) gene may act both as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in various types of tumors, including BC. Thus, the JTB protein could have the potential to be used as a biomarker in BC, but its neoplastic mechanisms still remain unknown or controversial. We previously analyzed the interacting partners of JTBhigh protein extracted from transfected MCF7 BC cell line using SDS-PAGE complemented with in-solution digestion, respectively. The previous results suggested the JTB contributed to the development of a more aggressive phenotype and behavior for the MCF7 BC cell line through synergistic upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mitotic spindle, and fatty acid metabolism-related pathways. In this work, we aim to complement the previously reported JTB proteomics-based experiments by investigating differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and tumorigenic pathways associated with JTB overexpression using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Statistically different gel spots were picked for protein digestion, followed by nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) analysis. We identified six DEPs related to the JTBhigh condition vs. control that emphasize a pro-tumorigenic (PT) role. Twenty-one proteins, which are known to be usually overexpressed in cancer cells, emphasize an anti-tumorigenic (AT) role when low expression occurs. According to our previous results, proteins that have a PT role are mainly involved in the activation of the EMT process. Interestingly, JTB overexpression has been correlated here with a plethora of significant upregulated and downregulated proteins that sustain JTB tumor suppressive functions. Our present and previous results sustain the necessity of the complementary use of different proteomics-based methods (SDS-PAGE, 2D-PAGE, and in-solution digestion) followed by tandem mass spectrometry to avoid their limitations, with each method leading to the delineation of specific clusters of DEPs that may be merged for a better understanding of molecular pathways and neoplastic mechanisms related to the JTB's role in BC initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Jayathirtha
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Taniya Jayaweera
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Brîndușa Alina Petre
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Bvd., No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine—TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Bvd., No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Costel C. Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
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Smaldone G, Rosa E, Gallo E, Diaferia C, Morelli G, Stornaiuolo M, Accardo A. Caveolin-Mediated Internalization of Fmoc-FF Nanogels in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031026. [PMID: 36986886 PMCID: PMC10051563 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydrogel nanoparticles, also known as nanogels (NGs), have been recently proposed as alternative supramolecular vehicles for the delivery of biologically relevant molecules like anticancer drugs and contrast agents. The inner compartment of peptide based NGs can be opportunely modified according to the chemical features of the cargo, thus improving its loading and release. A full understanding of the intracellular mechanism involved in nanogel uptake by cancer cells and tissues would further contribute to the potential diagnostic and clinical applications of these nanocarriers, allowing the fine tuning of their selectivity, potency, and activity. The structural characterization of nanogels were assessed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Nanoparticles Tracking Analysis (NTA) analysis. Cells viability of Fmoc-FF nanogels was evaluated by MTT assay on six breast cancer cell lines at different incubation times (24, 48, and 72 h) and peptide concentrations (in the range 6.25 × 10-4 ÷ 5·10-3 × wt%). The cell cycle and mechanisms involved in Fmoc-FF nanogels intracellular uptake were evaluated using flow cytometry and confocal analysis, respectively. Fmoc-FF nanogels, endowed with a diameter of ~130 nm and a zeta potential of ~-20.0/-25.0 mV, enter cancer cells via caveolae, mostly those responsible for albumin uptake. The specificity of the machinery used by Fmoc-FF nanogels confers a selectivity toward cancer cell lines overexpressing the protein caveolin1 and efficiently performing caveolae-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabetta Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Gallo
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Diaferia
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
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Lisiak N, Dzikowska P, Wisniewska U, Kaczmarek M, Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Zaprutko L, Rubis B. Biological Activity of Oleanolic Acid Derivatives HIMOXOL and Br-HIMOLID in Breast Cancer Cells Is Mediated by ER and EGFR. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5099. [PMID: 36982173 PMCID: PMC10048893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently observed malignancies worldwide and represents a heterogeneous group of cancers. For this reason, it is crucial to properly diagnose every single case so a specific and efficient therapy can be adjusted. One of the most critical diagnostic parameters evaluated in cancer tissue is the status of the estrogen receptor (ER) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Interestingly, the expression of the indicated receptors may be used in a personalized therapy approach. Importantly, the promising role of phytochemicals in the modulation of pathways controlled by ER and EGFR was also demonstrated in several types of cancer. One such biologically active compound is oleanolic acid, but due to poor water solubility and cell membrane permeability that limits its use, alternative derivative compounds were developed. These are HIMOXOL and Br-HIMOLID, which were demonstrated to be capable of inducing apoptosis and autophagy or diminishing the migratory and invasive potential of breast cancer cells in vitro. In our study, we revealed that proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, and also the migratory potential of HIMOXOL and Br-HIMOLID in breast cancer cells are mediated by ER (MCF7) and EGFR (MDA-MB-231) receptors. These observations make the studied compounds interesting in the context of anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Lisiak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrycja Dzikowska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Urszula Wisniewska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15 St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lucjusz Zaprutko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Blazej Rubis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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Qu J, Zhang S, He W, Liu S, Mao X, Yin L, Yue D, Zhang P, Huang K, Chen X. Crucial Function of Caveolin-1 in Deoxynivalenol-Induced Enterotoxicity by Activating ROS-Dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12968-12981. [PMID: 36166599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most pervasive contaminating mycotoxins in grain, and exposure to DON is known to cause acute and chronic intestinal damage. As the gut is the most important target organ of DON, it is essential to identify the pivotal molecules involved in DON-induced enterotoxicity as well as the potential regulatory mechanisms. In the present study, we found that DON treatment dramatically decreased the jejunal villus height and increased the crypt depth in mice. DON exposure induced oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation while increasing the levels of pyroptosis-related factors GSDMD, ASC, Caspase-1 P20, and IL-1β and inflammatory cytokines IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-6. In vitro, 0.5-2 μM DON caused cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, as well as NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. Furthermore, DON treatment substantially improved the expression of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, Cav-1 knockdown effectively attenuated DON-induced oxidative stress and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. Meanwhile, treatment with the antioxidant NAC significantly alleviated DON-induced cytotoxicity and pyroptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. Likewise, after inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation with the inhibitor MCC950, DON-induced cytotoxicity, pyroptosis, and inflammatory response were attenuated. However, NLRP3 inhibition did not affect Cav-1 expression. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that pyroptosis may be an underlying mechanism in DON-induced intestinal injury, and Cav-1 plays a pivotal role in DON-induced pyroptosis via regulating oxidative stress, which suggests a novel strategy to overcome DON-induced enterotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Wenmiao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shuiping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xinru Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Liuwen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Dongmei Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Shi F, Chen X, Wang Y, Xie Y, Zhong J, Su K, Li M, Li Y, Lin Q, Zhou Y, Wang J, Xiong L. HOTAIR/miR-203/CAV1 Crosstalk Influences Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in the Breast Cancer Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911755. [PMID: 36233075 PMCID: PMC9569926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, malignant breast cancer metastasis has caused a great increase in mortality. Research on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of malignant breast cancer has continued to deepen, and targeted therapy has become the general trend. Among them, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-related molecules have received much attention. Homeobox transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) has been reported to function extensively as a ceRNA in breast cancer. Notably, miR-203 and Caveolin 1 (CAV1) have also been found to play a role in breast cancer. However, the relationship between the three remains unclear. In this study, we present a new mechanic through bioinformatics tool and basic experiments: the HOTAIR/miR-203/CAV1 axis, which complemented the role network of HOTAIR as a ceRNA, thus, it will provide a novel potential idea for breast cancer research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiu Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yujie Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junpei Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Kangtai Su
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Miao Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuqiu Li
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Youjia Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Lixia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8636-0556
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