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Jia J, Wang X, Lin X, Zhao Y. Engineered Microorganisms for Advancing Tumor Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313389. [PMID: 38485221 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Engineered microorganisms have attracted significant interest as a unique therapeutic platform in tumor treatment. Compared with conventional cancer treatment strategies, engineering microorganism-based systems provide various distinct advantages, such as the intrinsic capability in targeting tumors, their inherent immunogenicity, in situ production of antitumor agents, and multiple synergistic functions to fight against tumors. Herein, the design, preparation, and application of the engineered microorganisms for advanced tumor therapy are thoroughly reviewed. This review presents a comprehensive survey of innovative tumor therapeutic strategies based on a series of representative engineered microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, microalgae, and fungi. Specifically, it offers extensive analyses of the design principles, engineering strategies, and tumor therapeutic mechanisms, as well as the advantages and limitations of different engineered microorganism-based systems. Finally, the current challenges and future research prospects in this field, which can inspire new ideas for the design of creative tumor therapy paradigms utilizing engineered microorganisms and facilitate their clinical applications, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxuan Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiaocheng Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
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Morovati S, Mohammadi A, Masoudi R, Heidari AA, Asad Sangabi M. The power of mumps virus: Matrix protein activates apoptotic pathways in human colorectal cell lines. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295819. [PMID: 38091318 PMCID: PMC10718445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches can significantly impact the control of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is increasing worldwide. In this study, we investigated the potential of targeting viral proteins to combat cancer cells. Specifically, we examined the anticancer potential of the matrix (M) protein of the mumps virus Hoshino strain in SW480 CRC cell lines. To begin, we individually transfected SW480 cells with pcDNA3 plasmids containing the mumps virus M gene. We then investigated the percentage of cell death, caspase activity, and the expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis pathways. Following this, we performed bioinformatics analysis on the M protein to identify any similarities with Bcl-2 family members and their viral homologs. Our diagnostic methods showed that treatment with the mumps M protein induced apoptosis and upregulated the expression and activity of pro-apoptotic proteins in SW480 CRC cells compared to the control and vector groups. Based on our bioinformatics studies, we proposed that the BH3 motif in the M protein may trigger apoptosis in CRC cells by interacting with cellular Bax. Overall, our study showed for the first time that the mumps virus M protein could be considered as a targeted treatment for CRC by inducing apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Morovati
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Masoudi
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Heidari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Asad Sangabi
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Ghambashidze K, Chikhladze R, Saladze T, Hoopes PJ, Shubitidze F. E. coli Phagelysate: A Primer to Enhance Nanoparticles and Drug Deliveries in Tumor. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082315. [PMID: 37190243 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), where cancer cells reside, plays a crucial role in cancer progression and metastasis. It maintains an immunosuppressive state in many tumors and regulates the differentiation of precursor monocytes into M1 (anti-tumor)- and M2 (pro-tumor)-polarized macrophages, and greatly reduces anticancer drug and nanoparticle delivery. As a result, the effectiveness of recently developed chemo- and/or nanotechnology-mediated immune and magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia (mNPH) therapies is inhibited significantly. One of the ways to overcome this limitation is to use E. coli phagelysate as a primer to modify the tumor microenvironment by switching tumor-associated M2 macrophages to anti-tumor M1 macrophages, and initiate the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Recently, bacteriophages and phage-induced lysed bacteria (bacterial phagelysates-BPLs) have been shown to be capable of modifying the tumor-associated environment. Phage/BPL-coated proteins tend to elicit strong anti-tumor responses from the innate immune system, prompting phagocytosis and cytokine release. It has also been reported that the microenvironments of bacteriophage- and BPL-treated tumors facilitate the conversion of M2-polarized TAMS to a more M1-polarized (tumoricidal) environment post-phage treatment. This paper demonstrates the feasibility and enhanced efficacy of combining E. coli phagelysate (EcPHL) and mNPH, a promising technology for treating cancers, in a rodent model. Specifically, we illustrate the EcPHL vaccination effect on the TME and mNP distribution in Ehrlich adenocarcinoma tumors by providing the tumor growth dynamics and histology (H&E and Prussian blue) distribution of mNP in tumor and normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketevan Ghambashidze
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 0177, Georgia
| | - Ramaz Chikhladze
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 0177, Georgia
| | - Tamar Saladze
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 0177, Georgia
| | - P Jack Hoopes
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Fridon Shubitidze
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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