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Li H, Deng L, Weng L, Li J, Hu W, Yu J, Xiao Y, Xiao G. Cell wall-localized Bt protein endows rice high resistance to Lepidoptera pests. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1728-1739. [PMID: 38009289 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The commercialized Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) crops accumulate Bt protein within cells, but the intracellular interactions of foreign protein with endogenous protein inevitably result in large or small unintended effects. In this study, the Bt gene Cry1Ca was linked with the sequences of extracellular secretion signal peptide and carbohydrate binding module 11 to constitute a fusion gene SP-Cry1Ca-CBM11, and the fusion gene driven by constitutive promoters was used for secreting and anchoring onto the cell wall to minimize unintended effects. RESULTS The transient expression in tobacco leaves demonstrated that the fusion protein was anchored on cell walls. The Cry1Ca contents of five homozygous rice transformants of single-copy insertion were different and descended in the order leaf > root > stem. The maximum content of Cry1Ca was 17.55 μg g-1 in leaves of transformant 21H037. The bioassay results revealed that the transformants exhibited high resistance to lepidopteran pests. The corrected mortality of pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens) and striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) ranged from 96.33% to 100%, and from 83.32% to 100%, respectively, and the corrected mortality of rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) was 92.53%. Besides, the agronomic traits of the five transformants were normal and similar to that of the recipient, and the transformants were highly resistant to glyphosate at the germination and seedling stages. CONCLUSION The fusion Bt protein was accumulated on cell walls and endowed the rice with high resistance to lepidopteran pests without unintended effects in agronomic traits. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Lvshui Weng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jinjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jianghui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Youlun Xiao
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guoying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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He Y, Lv B, Chao Y, Tang YE, Wang J, Wang Z, Peng YD. Influence of Cry1Ab protein on growth and development of a predatory spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, from protective perspectives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115799. [PMID: 38070414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The expression of Cry proteins in genetically modified rice varieties safeguards the crop from lepidopteran pests. These proteins have the potential to be transferred through the food chain to arthropods like planthoppers and predatory spiders, triggering defensive responses in these unintended organisms. Hence, we hypothesized that Cry protein might influence the growth and development of spiders by altering protective enzyme activities. The results showed that Cry1Ab protein could accumulate in tissues and subcellular organelles of Pardosa pseudoannulata from Nilaparvata lugens. Cry1Ab protein exposure prolonged the developmental duration in the 5th and 7th instar spiderlings but induced no alterations of other growth indicators, such as body length, median ocular area, and survival rate. In addition, Cry1Ab protein exerted no adverse impacts on several detoxifying enzymes (i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and acetylcholine esterase) in muscle, midgut, ganglia, and hemolymph at subcellular components (i.e., microsome and cytoplasm). To further explore the effects of Cry1Ab protein on the spiderlings, we performed an integrated transcriptome analysis on spiderlings exposed to Cry1Ab protein. The results showed that Cry1Ab protein might prolong the development duration of P. pseudoannulata via the altered cuticle metabolism (e.g., chitin metabolic process and structural constituent of cuticle). In addition, the gene expression profile associated with detoxifying enzymes and three stress-responsive pathways (JAK/STAT, JNK/SAPK, and Hippo pathways) also displayed no significant alterations under Cry1Ab exposure. Collectively, this integrated analysis generates multidimensional insights to assess the effects of Cry1Ab protein on non-target spiders and demonstrates that Cry1Ab protein exerts no toxicity in P. pseudoannulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Yinying Chao
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-E Tang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuan-de Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China.
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Hajimohammadi B, Eslami G, Zandi H, Ehrampoush MH, Naimi A, Derakhshan M, Hedayat P, Fallahi R, Fallahzadeh H, Rezvani ME, Vakili M, Moshtaghioun SM, Athari SS, Asadi-Yousefabad SL, Hosseini SS, Shirdeli M, Ahmadian S, Mortazavi S, Loni E, Ajamein V, Ahmadi A, Askari V. Safety assessment of genetically modified rice expressing Cry1Ab protein in Sprague-Dawley rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1126. [PMID: 33441963 PMCID: PMC7807014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-80958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is considered one of the most important staple food crops. Genetically modified (GM) Bt rice, harbored cry1Ab gene expressing the insect-resistance protein has been developed to resistance to the insects. In this study, we assessed the safety of the GM Bt rice on Sprague–Dawley rats for 90 days. Totally, 120 rats in both sexes were used for three different diets, including 50% GM Bt rice, feeding with 50% rice, and standard feeding. Each 40 SD rats including 20 males and 20 females were considered as each diet. The clinical variables such as body weight and food consumption were measured and a range of clinical tests was examined, including hematology, serum chemistry parameters, urinalysis profile, thyroid, and sex hormone levels. Pathological assessments were also done. The results showed that the mean weekly feed utilization (%) had no significant difference among the studied groups. Also, blood biochemistry, hematological parameters, urine analysis, and hormonal levels had no significant differences among the groups. However, alanine aminotransferase was less in males versus female feeding with GM Bt rice. No histopathological changes were observed among the groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that GM Bt rice had no obvious adverse effects on rats' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahador Hajimohammadi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Gilda Eslami
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Hengameh Zandi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Azar Naimi
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Derakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pegah Hedayat
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roozbeh Fallahi
- Animal Viral Diseases Research Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 3197619751, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Daneshjoo Boulevard, Health School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blv., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahim Rezvani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahmoud Vakili
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Health Monitoring Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blv., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Leili Asadi-Yousefabad
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saeedeh Sadat Hosseini
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Shirdeli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Salman Ahmadian
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shirin Mortazavi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Elahe Loni
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Vahid Ajamein
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Amin Ahmadi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
| | - Vahideh Askari
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Shan Y, Shu C, He K, Cheng X, Geng L, Xiang W, Zhang J. Characterization of a Novel Insecticidal Protein Cry9Cb1 from Bacillus thuringiensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3781-3788. [PMID: 30865469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, there have been increasing reports of insect resistance in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops. Alternative use of Cry toxins, with high insecticidal activity and different mechanisms of action, may be an important strategy to manage this resistance. Cry9 protein, with high toxicity to the lepidopteran pests and no cross-resistance with commercial Cry1 proteins, is a valuable relevant resource. A novel insecticidal protein, MP1489, subsequently named as Cry9Cb1, with 88% amino acid sequence identity with Cry9Ca1, was identified from Bt strain SP663; it exhibited high insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella, Ostrinia furnacalis, and Chilo suppressalis and no cross-resistance with Cry1Fa in Ostrinia furnacalis. Its minimal active fragments against Plutella xylostella and Ostrinia furnacalis were identified to be 72T-657V and 68D-655A, respectively; food-safety assessment showed no sequence homology with any known allergen and rapid degradation and inactivation by both heat and the gastrointestinal environment. Therefore, Cry9Cb1 is proposed to have a brilliant prospect as an insecticidal protein in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Shan
- School of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Cheng
- School of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- School of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
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Manikandan R, Balakrishnan N, Sudhakar D, Udayasuriyan V. Transgenic rice plants expressing synthetic cry2AX1 gene exhibits resistance to rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis). 3 Biotech 2016; 6:10. [PMID: 28330080 PMCID: PMC4701705 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis is a major source of insecticidal genes imparting insect resistance in transgenic plants. Level of expression of transgenes in transgenic plants is important to achieve desirable level of resistance against target insects. In order to achieve desirable level of expression, rice chloroplast transit peptide sequence was fused with synthetic cry2AX1 gene to target its protein in chloroplasts. Sixteen PCR positive lines of rice were generated by Agrobacterium mediated transformation using immature embryos. Southern blot hybridization analysis of T0 transgenic plants confirmed the integration of cry2AX1 gene in two to five locations of rice genome and ELISA demonstrated its expression. Concentration of Cry2AX1 in transgenic rice events ranged 5.0-120 ng/g of fresh leaf tissue. Insect bioassay of T0 transgenic rice plants against neonate larvae of rice leaffolder showed larval mortality ranging between 20 and 80 % in comparison to control plant. Stable inheritance and expression of cry2AX1 gene was demonstrated in T1 progenies through Southern and ELISA. In T1 progenies, the highest concentration of Cry2AX1 and mortality of rice leaffolder larvae were recorded as 150 ng/g of fresh leaf tissue and 80 %, respectively. The Cry2AX1 expression even at a very low concentration (120-150 ng/g) in transgenic rice plants was found effective against rice leaffolder larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manikandan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - N Balakrishnan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - D Sudhakar
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - V Udayasuriyan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India.
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Manikandan R, Balakrishnan N, Sudhakar D, Udayasuriyan V. Development of leaffolder resistant transgenic rice expressing cry2AX1 gene driven by green tissue-specific rbcS promoter. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:37. [PMID: 26867598 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-2006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The insecticidal cry genes of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been successfully used for development of insect resistant transgenic rice plants. In this study, a novel cry2AX1 gene consisting a sequence of cry2Aa and cry2Ac gene driven by rice rbcS promoter was introduced into a rice cultivar, ASD16. Among 27 putative rice transformants, 20 plants were found to be positive for cry2AX1 gene. The expression of Cry2AX1 protein in transgenic rice plants ranged from 5.95 to 122.40 ng/g of fresh leaf tissue. Stable integration of the transgene was confirmed in putative transformants of rice by Southern blot hybridization analysis. Insect bioassay on T0 transgenic rice plants against rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis) recorded larval mortality up to 83.33%. Stable inheritance and expression of cry2AX1 gene in T1 progenies was demonstrated using Southern and ELISA. The detached leaf bit bioassay with selected T1 plants showed 83.33-90.00% mortality against C. medinalis. The whole plant bioassay for T1 plants with rice leaffolder showed significant level of resistance even at a lower level of Cry2AX1 expression varying from 131 to 158 ng/g fresh leaf tissue during tillering stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manikandan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - N Balakrishnan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - D Sudhakar
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - V Udayasuriyan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India.
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Gong L, Wang H, Qi J, Han L, Hu M, Jurat-Fuentes JL. Homologs to Cry toxin receptor genes in a de novo transcriptome and their altered expression in resistant Spodoptera litura larvae. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 129:1-6. [PMID: 25981133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Insect resistance threatens sustainability of insecticides based on Cry proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Since high levels of resistance to Cry proteins involve alterations in Cry-binding midgut receptors, their identification is needed to develop resistance management strategies. Through Illumina sequencing we generated a transcriptome containing 16,161 annotated unigenes for the Oriental leafworm (Spodoptera litura). Transcriptome mining identified 6 contigs with identity to reported lepidopteran Cry toxin receptors. Using PCR we confirmed their expression during the larval stage and compared their quantitative expression in larvae from susceptible and a field-derived Cry1Ca resistant strain of S. litura. Among reduced transcript levels detected for most tested contigs in the Cry1Ca-resistant S. litura larvae, the most dramatic reduction (up to 99%) was detected for alkaline phosphatase contigs. This study significantly expands S. litura transcriptomic resources and provides preliminary identification of putative receptor genes with altered expression in S. litura resistant to Cry1Ca toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiangwei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lanzhi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meiying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Liu Y, Han L, Zhu Z, Wang F, Peng Y. Expression of Cry1Ab protein in a marker-free transgenic Bt rice line and its efficacy in controlling a target pest, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:528-536. [PMID: 24495566 DOI: 10.1603/en13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A marker-free Bt transgenic rice line, mfb-MH86, was recently developed in China, which contains a cry1Ab gene driven by a ubiquitin promoter. This Bt gene confers resistance to a range of lepidopteran species, including the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). The expression of Cry1Ab protein in mfb-MH86 leaves, stems and leaf sheaths (hereinafter referred to as stems), and roots was evaluated throughout the rice-growing season using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, mfb-MH86 resistance to C. suppressalis, a major pest of rice, was evaluated in a laboratory bioassay with field-collected rice stems. Cry1Ab protein levels of mfb-MH86 were highest in leaves (9.71-34.09 μg/g dry weight [DW]), intermediate in stems (7.66-18.51 μg/g DW), and lowest in roots (1.95-13.40 μg/g DW). In all tissues, Cry1Ab levels in mfb-MH86 were higher in seedling and tillering stages than in subsequent growth stages. In the laboratory bioassay, mortality of C. suppressalis after 6 d of feeding on mfb-MH86 stems was 100% throughout the rice-growing season; mortality of C. suppressalis when feeding on stems of the nontransformed isoline, MH86, ranged from 15.0 to 38.3%. The results indicate that Cry1Ab protein levels in mfb-MH86 stems are sufficient to protect plants against C. suppressalis throughout the rice-growing season. Although our results are promising, further comprehensive evaluations of mfb-MH86, including field surveys, will be needed before commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Ge ZY, Wan PJ, Li GQ, Xia YG, Han ZJ. Characterization of cysteine protease-like genes in the striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. Genome 2014; 57:79-88. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2013-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is a major pest for rice production in China and the rest of Southeast Asia. Chemical control is the main means to alleviate losses due to this pest, which causes serious environmental pollution. An effective and environmentally friendly approach is needed for the management of the striped rice stem borer. Cysteine proteases in insects could be useful targets for pest management either through engineering plant protease inhibitors, targeting insect digestive cysteine proteases, or through RNA interference-based silencing of cysteine proteases, disrupting developmental regulation of insects. In this study, eight cysteine protease-like genes were identified and partially characterized. The genes CCO2 and CCL4 were exclusively expressed in the larval gut, and their expression was affected by the state of nutrition in the insect. The expression of CCL2, CCL3, and CCO1 was significantly affected by the type of host plant, suggesting a role in host plant – insect interactions. Our initial characterization of the striped rice stem borer cysteine protease-like genes provides a foundation for further research on this important group of genes in this major insect pest of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yu Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Street, Nanjing 210095, China
- Chongqing Jiulongpo District Agriculture, Forestry and Water Resources Bureau, No. 47 Shipingqiao Heng Street, Jiulongpo, Chongqing, China
| | - Pin-Jun Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Street, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Street, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong-gui Xia
- Chongqing Jiulongpo District Agriculture, Forestry and Water Resources Bureau, No. 47 Shipingqiao Heng Street, Jiulongpo, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Han
- The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Street, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zhou J, Xiao K, Wei B, Wang Z, Tian Y, Tian Y, Song Q. Bioaccumulation of Cry1Ab protein from an herbivore reduces anti-oxidant enzyme activities in two spider species. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84724. [PMID: 24454741 PMCID: PMC3890278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cry proteins are expressed in rice lines for lepidopteran pest control. These proteins can be transferred from transgenic rice plants to non-target arthropods, including planthoppers and then to a predatory spider. Movement of Cry proteins through food webs may reduce fitness of non-target arthropods, although recent publications indicated no serious changes in non-target populations. Nonetheless, Cry protein intoxication influences gene expression in Cry-sensitive insects. We posed the hypothesis that Cry protein intoxication influences enzyme activities in spiders acting in tri-trophic food webs. Here we report on the outcomes of experiments designed to test our hypothesis with two spider species. We demonstrated that the movement of CryAb protein from Drosophila culture medium into fruit flies maintained on the CryAb containing medium and from the flies to the spiders Ummeliata insecticeps and Pardosa pseudoannulata. We also show that the activities of three key metabolic enzymes, acetylcholine esterase (AchE), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly influenced in the spiders after feeding on Cry1Ab-containing fruit flies. We infer from these data that Cry proteins originating in transgenic crops impacts non-target arthropods at the physiological and biochemical levels, which may be one mechanism of Cry protein-related reductions in fitness of non-target beneficial predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhou
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Kaifu Xiao
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Baoyang Wei
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (ZW); (QSS)
| | - Yun Tian
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Yixing Tian
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZW); (QSS)
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Wang Y, Wei B, Tian Y, Wang Z, Tian Y, Tan S, Dong S, Song Q. Evaluation of the potential effect of transgenic rice expressing Cry1Ab on the hematology and enzyme activity in organs of female Swiss rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80424. [PMID: 24312218 PMCID: PMC3842383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the safety of transgenic rice expressing Cry1Ab protein to vertebrates, the effect of Cry1Ab rice on broad health indicators in blood and various organs of Swiss rats were analyzed. The 30 and 90 day safety studies of Cry1Ab rice on female Swiss rats revealed that Cry1Ab rice had no significant effect on the several elements of blood lymph including hemogram, calcium ion concentration and apoptosis rate of lymphocytes, indicating that Cry1Ab protein could not affect the blood lymph of Swiss rat. Similarly, Cry1Ab rice had no effect on enzyme activities in a variety of organs of Swiss rat. However, Cry1Ab rice did have significant effects on the blood biochemistry indexes including urea, triglyceride (TG), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) after the rats were fed with Cry1Ab rice for 30 days, but not after 90 days, indicating that Cry1Ab protein may influence blood metabolism for a short duration. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis of the 6 genes encoding enzymes responsible for the major detoxification functions of liver revealed that Cry1Ab rice exerted no influences on the levels of these transcripts in liver of Swiss rat, indicating that significant differences registered in part of the blood biochemical parameters in the 30 day study might result from other untested organs or tissues in response to the stress of exogenous Cry1Ab protein. The results suggest that Cry1Ab protein has no significant long-term (90 day) effects on female Swiss rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Baoyang Wei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Yixing Tian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (ZW); (QS)
| | - Yun Tian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuduan Tan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengzhang Dong
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Qisheng Song
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZW); (QS)
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12
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Ge ZY, Wan PJ, Han ZJ. Cloning and characterization of trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like genes in the striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. Genome 2012; 55:281-8. [DOI: 10.1139/g2012-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Serine proteinases including trypsins and chymotrypsins play various important roles in insects, including food digestion, immune defense, and zymogen activation. Studies on insect serine proteinases could reveal their feeding preference (polyphagous and monophagous) and facilitate identification of protease inhibitors, which can be engineered for pest management. In this paper, 11 transcripts encoding trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteins were cloned from the striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). All the predicted proteins share high sequence similarity with known trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteins from either lepidopterans or dipterans, and most of the proteins have conserved motifs that are characteristics of serine proteinases. Among the 11 cloned genes, six were expressed predominantly and one exclusively in the midgut of the insect, three were expressed relatively evenly in examined tissues, and one was not expressed in either the gut or hemolymph based on RT–PCR results. The seven genes that were predominantly or exclusively expressed in the gut were also affected by feeding on different host plants. The genes that were expressed in the gut and were affected by host plants are likely to encode digestive proteinases. The identification of trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like genes in this insect species is the first step towards further comparative studies and for identification of insect-specific proteinase inhibitors, which might be engineered to protect rice plants against the striped rice stem borer, which is one of the destructive pests of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yu Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Street, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pin-Jun Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Street, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Han
- The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Street, Nanjing 210095, China
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13
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Garabagi F, McLean MD, Hall JC. Transient and stable expression of antibodies in Nicotiana species. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 907:389-408. [PMID: 22907365 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-974-7_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Expression and purification of recombinant proteins produced in plants is emerging as an affordable alternative to using more costly mammalian bioreactors since plants are capable of producing mammalian proteins at high concentrations. There are two general methods of expressing foreign proteins in plants, namely, transient expression and stable transgenic expression. Both methods have advantages which serve different purposes. Nicotiana benthamiana is primarily used as plant host for transient expression of foreign proteins. This system is capable of producing high yields of antibody in a relatively short period of time (days); however, intensive upstream processing is required as each plant must be infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells by vacuum infiltration. N. tabacum is often used for production of stable transgenic plants through a procedure that requires longer development time (months). Although antibody yields are smaller compared with the transient method, the advantage of using stable transgenic expression is that very little upstream process management is required once homozygous seed lines are developed. In this chapter, we describe the basic methodologies for expressing antibodies in plants using the transient and transgenic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freydoun Garabagi
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Zheng X, Yang Y, Xu H, Chen H, Wang B, Lin Y, Lu Z. Resistance performances of transgenic bt rice lines T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:1730-5. [PMID: 22066204 DOI: 10.1603/ec10389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice, Oryza sativa L., lines T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 expressing Cry2A* and Cry1C* from 'Minhui 63' (MH63) were evaluated for resistance to newly hatched and third-instar larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), by using detached leaf laboratory bioassays. Both T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 rice showed high C. medinalis resistance; however, the lethal time (LT)50 of larvae fed with T(2A)-1 rice was significantly longer than that of larvae fed with T1c-19 rice, implying T1c-19 rice was more toxic to C. medinalis larvae. Larval mortality after 4 d on nitrogen-free MH63 was 25.5% compared with 2.4% mortality on high nitrogen fertilizer (250 kg N/ha) plants. Larval mortality on high nitrogen T(2A)-1 plants declined by 20% compared with nitrogen-free plants. However, resistance in T1c-19 plants was unaffected by nitrogen fertilizer. C. medinalis moths preferred MH63 at both the seedling and grain milk stages for oviposition but not the T1c-19 and T(2A)-1 Bt rice lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
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15
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Chen Y, Tian JC, Wang W, Fang Q, Akhtar ZR, Peng YF, Cui H, Guo YY, Song QS, Ye GY. Bt rice expressing Cry1Ab does not stimulate an outbreak of its non-target herbivore, Nilaparvata lugens. Transgenic Res 2011; 21:279-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Chen Y, Tian JC, Shen ZC, Peng YF, Hu C, Guo YY, Ye GY. Transgenic rice plants expressing a fused protein of Cry1Ab/Vip3H has resistance to rice stem borers under laboratory and field conditions. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2010; 103:1444-1453. [PMID: 20857760 DOI: 10.1603/ec10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Six transgenic rice, Oryza sativa L., lines (G6H1, G6H2, G6H3, G6H4, G6H5, and G6H6) expressing a fused Cry1Ab/Vip3H protein, were evaluated for resistance against the Asiatic rice borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and the stem borer Sesamia inferens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the laboratory and field. The bioassay results indicated that the mortality of Asiatic rice borer and S. inferens neonate larvae on six transgenic lines from seedling to filling stage was up to 100% at 168 h after infestation. The cumulative feeding area by Asiatic rice borer neonate larvae on all transgenic lines was significantly reduced compared with the untransformed parental 'Xiushui 110' rice. A 2-yr field evaluation showed that damage during the vegetative stage (deadheart) or during the reproductive stage (whitehead) caused by Asiatic rice borer and S. inferens for transgenic lines was much lower than the control. For three lines (G6H1, G6H2, and G6H6), no damage was found during the entire growing period. Estimation of fused Cry1Ab/Vip3H protein concentrations using PathoScreen kit for Bt-Cry1Ab/1Ac protein indicated that the expression levels of Cry1Ab protein both in main stems (within the average range of 0.006-0.073% of total soluble protein) and their flag leaves (within the average range of 0.001-0.038% of total soluble protein) were significantly different among six transgenic lines at different developmental stages. Both laboratory and field researches suggested that the transgenic rice lines have considerable potential for protecting rice from attack by both stem borers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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