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Zhang T, Xu B, Feng J, Ge P, Li G, Zhang J, Zhou J, Jiang J. Synthesis and assembly of full-length cyanophage A-4L genome. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 8:121-128. [PMID: 36605707 PMCID: PMC9803696 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial cyanophages are considered to be an effective biological method to control harmful cyanobacterial bloom. However, no synthetic cyanophage genome has been constructed and where its obstacles are unclear. Here, we survey a stretch of 16 kb length sequence of cyanophage A-4L that is unclonable in Escherichia coli. We test 12 predicted promoters of cyanophage A-4L which were verified all active in E. coli. Next, we screen for eight ORFs that hindered the assembly of intermediate DNA fragments in E. coli and describe that seven ORFs in the 16 kb sequence could not be separately cloned in E. coli. All of unclonable ORFs in high-copy-number plasmid were successfully cloned using low-copy-number vector, suggesting that these ORFs were copy-number-dependent. We propose a clone strategy abandoned the promotor and the start codon that could be applied for unclonable ORFs. Last, we de novo synthesized and assembled the full-length genome of cyanophage A-4L. This work deepens the understanding of synthetic cyanophages studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bonan Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jia Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Pingbo Ge
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guorui Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jianting Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China,Corresponding author. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jianlan Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China,Corresponding author. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Nandankar N, Negrón AL, Wolfe A, Levine JE, Radovick S. Deficiency of arcuate nucleus kisspeptin results in postpubertal central hypogonadism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E264-E280. [PMID: 34181485 PMCID: PMC8410100 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00088.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (encoded by Kiss1), a neuropeptide critically involved in neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction, is primarily synthesized in two hypothalamic nuclei: the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (ARC). AVPV kisspeptin is thought to regulate the estrogen-induced positive feedback control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and the preovulatory LH surge in females. In contrast, ARC kisspeptin neurons, which largely coexpress neurokinin B and dynorphin A (collectively named KNDy neurons), are thought to mediate estrogen-induced negative feedback control of GnRH/LH and be the major regulators of pulsatile GnRH/LH release. However, definitive data to delineate the specific roles of AVPV versus ARC kisspeptin neurons in the control of GnRH/LH release is lacking. Therefore, we generated a novel mouse model targeting deletion of Kiss1 to the ARC nucleus (Pdyn-Cre/Kiss1fl/fl KO) to determine the functional differences between ARC and AVPV kisspeptin neurons on the reproductive axis. The efficacy of the knockout was confirmed at both the mRNA and protein levels. Adult female Pdyn-Cre/Kiss1fl/fl KO mice exhibited persistent diestrus and significantly fewer LH pulses when compared with controls, resulting in arrested folliculogenesis, hypogonadism, and infertility. Pdyn-Cre/Kiss1fl/fl KO males also exhibited disrupted LH pulsatility, hypogonadism, and variable, defective spermatogenesis, and subfertility. The timing of pubertal onset in males and females was equivalent to controls. These findings add to the current body of evidence for the critical role of kisspeptin in ARC KNDy neurons in GnRH/LH pulsatility in both sexes, while directly establishing ARC kisspeptin's role in regulating estrous cyclicity in female mice, and gametogenesis in both sexes, and culminating in disrupted fertility. The Pdyn-Cre/Kiss1fl/fl KO mice present a novel mammalian model of postpubertal central hypogonadism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate through a novel, conditional knockout mouse model of arcuate nucleus (ARC)-specific kisspeptin in the KNDy neuron that ARC kisspeptin is critical for estrous cyclicity in female mice and GnRH/LH pulsatility in both sexes. Our study reveals that ARC kisspeptin is essential for normal gametogenesis, and the loss of ARC kisspeptin results in significant hypogonadism, impacting fertility status. Our findings further confirm that normal puberty occurs despite a loss of ARC kisspeptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Nandankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Ariel L Negrón
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Andrew Wolfe
- Division of Physiological and Pathological Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jon E Levine
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sally Radovick
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Insulin-Like Growth Factors Are Key Regulators of T Helper 17 Regulatory T Cell Balance in Autoimmunity. Immunity 2020; 52:650-667.e10. [PMID: 32294406 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate balance of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells maintains immune tolerance and host defense. Disruption of Th17-Treg cell balance is implicated in a number of immune-mediated diseases, many of which display dysregulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. Here, we show that, among effector T cell subsets, Th17 and Treg cells selectively expressed multiple components of the IGF system. Signaling through IGF receptor (IGF1R) activated the protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT-mTOR) pathway, increased aerobic glycolysis, favored Th17 cell differentiation over that of Treg cells, and promoted a heightened pro-inflammatory gene expression signature. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), but not ILC1s or ILC2s, were similarly responsive to IGF signaling. Mice with deficiency of IGF1R targeted to T cells failed to fully develop disease in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis. Thus, the IGF system represents a previously unappreciated pathway by which type 3 immunity is modulated and immune-mediated pathogenesis controlled.
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Kumagai K, Takanashi M, Ohno SI, Kuroda M, Sudo K. An improved Red/ET recombineering system and mouse ES cells culture conditions for the generation of targeted mutant mice. Exp Anim 2016; 66:125-136. [PMID: 27890869 PMCID: PMC5411299 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.16-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted mutant mice generated on a C57BL/6 background are powerful tools for analysis of
the biological functions of genes, and gene targeting technologies using mouse embryonic
stem (ES) cells have been used to generate such mice. Recently, a bacterial artificial
chromosome (BAC) recombineering system was established for the construction of targeting
vectors. However, gene retrieval from BACs for the generation of gene targeting vectors
using this system remains difficult. Even when construction of a gene targeting vector is
successful, the efficiency of production of targeted mutant mice from ES cells derived
from C57BL/6 mice are poor. Therefore, in this study, we first improved the strategy for
the retrieval of genes from BACs and their transfer into a DT-A plasmid, for the
generation of gene targeting vectors using the BAC recombineering system. Then, we
attempted to generate targeted mutant mice from ES cell lines derived from C57BL/6 mice,
by culturing in serum-free medium. In conclusion, we established an improved strategy for
the efficient generation of targeted mutant mice on a C57BL/6 background, which are useful
for the in vivo analysis of gene functions and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Kumagai
- Pre-Clinical Research Center, University-related Facilities, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | | | | | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- Pre-Clinical Research Center, University-related Facilities, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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