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Kalds P, Zhou S, Cai B, Liu J, Wang Y, Petersen B, Sonstegard T, Wang X, Chen Y. Sheep and Goat Genome Engineering: From Random Transgenesis to the CRISPR Era. Front Genet 2019; 10:750. [PMID: 31552084 PMCID: PMC6735269 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep and goats are valuable livestock species that have been raised for their production of meat, milk, fiber, and other by-products. Due to their suitable size, short gestation period, and abundant secretion of milk, sheep and goats have become important model animals in agricultural, pharmaceutical, and biomedical research. Genome engineering has been widely applied to sheep and goat research. Pronuclear injection and somatic cell nuclear transfer represent the two primary procedures for the generation of genetically modified sheep and goats. Further assisted tools have emerged to enhance the efficiency of genetic modification and to simplify the generation of genetically modified founders. These tools include sperm-mediated gene transfer, viral vectors, RNA interference, recombinases, transposons, and endonucleases. Of these tools, the four classes of site-specific endonucleases (meganucleases, ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPRs) have attracted wide attention due to their DNA double-strand break-inducing role, which enable desired DNA modifications based on the stimulation of native cellular DNA repair mechanisms. Currently, CRISPR systems dominate the field of genome editing. Gene-edited sheep and goats, generated using these tools, provide valuable models for investigations on gene functions, improving animal breeding, producing pharmaceuticals in milk, improving animal disease resistance, recapitulating human diseases, and providing hosts for the growth of human organs. In addition, more promising derivative tools of CRISPR systems have emerged such as base editors which enable the induction of single-base alterations without any requirements for homology-directed repair or DNA donor. These precise editors are helpful for revealing desirable phenotypes and correcting genetic diseases controlled by single bases. This review highlights the advances of genome engineering in sheep and goats over the past four decades with particular emphasis on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kalds
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bjoern Petersen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt, Germany
| | | | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Fernandes CCL, Aguiar LH, Calderón CEM, Silva AM, Alves JPM, Rossetto R, Bertolini LR, Bertolini M, Rondina D. Nutritional impact on gene expression and competence of oocytes used to support embryo development and livebirth by cloning procedures in goats. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 188:1-12. [PMID: 29233618 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the nutritional plan have been shown to affect oocyte quality, crucial to oocyte donors animals used in cloning. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of diets with increasing nutritional levels (maintenance diet=M; 1.3M; 1.6M; 1.9M) fed to goats for four weeks on follicular fluid composition, gene expression and oocyte competence used to cloning in goats. Donor females were superovulated for the retrieval of matured oocytes and physical measurements reported. After four weeks, groups receiving diets above maintenance increased thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue and body weight, with higher values in 1.9M Group (P<0.05). Treatments did not affect follicular density, number of aspirated follicles, retrieved and matured oocytes. Animals from 1.3M group had lower (P<0.05) maturation rate (44.0%) and number of viable oocytes (65.3%) than M (68.8%) and 1.9M (76.0%). Follicular fluid glucose concentrations increased with nutritional levels (P=0.010), with a difference (P<0.05) between groups 1.9M (11.4±2.6mg/dL) and M (2.6±0.5mg/dL). The diet did not affect the expression of GDF9, BMP15, and BAX genes in oocytes, but BCL2 and apoptotic index were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the 1.3M and 1.6M groups than the other groups. Following the transfer of cloned embryos, one fetus was born live of a twin pregnancy in the 1.9M Group. The association between energy intake and oocyte quality suggests better nutritional use by oocytes when the maximum flow was used (1.9M), but the optimal feeding level in cloning still needs refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C L Fernandes
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - L H Aguiar
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - C E M Calderón
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A M Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J P M Alves
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R Rossetto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - L R Bertolini
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M Bertolini
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D Rondina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Legastelois I, Buffin S, Peubez I, Mignon C, Sodoyer R, Werle B. Non-conventional expression systems for the production of vaccine proteins and immunotherapeutic molecules. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 13:947-961. [PMID: 27905833 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1260795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for recombinant vaccine antigens or immunotherapeutic molecules calls into question the universality of current protein expression systems. Vaccine production can require relatively low amounts of expressed materials, but represents an extremely diverse category consisting of different target antigens with marked structural differences. In contrast, monoclonal antibodies, by definition share key molecular characteristics and require a production system capable of very large outputs, which drives the quest for highly efficient and cost-effective systems. In discussing expression systems, the primary assumption is that a universal production platform for vaccines and immunotherapeutics will unlikely exist. This review provides an overview of the evolution of traditional expression systems, including mammalian cells, yeast and E.coli, but also alternative systems such as other bacteria than E. coli, transgenic animals, insect cells, plants and microalgae, Tetrahymena thermophila, Leishmania tarentolae, filamentous fungi, cell free systems, and the incorporation of non-natural amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Buffin
- a Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur , Marcy L'Etoile , France
| | - Isabelle Peubez
- a Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur , Marcy L'Etoile , France
| | | | - Régis Sodoyer
- b Technology Research Institute Bioaster , Lyon , France
| | - Bettina Werle
- b Technology Research Institute Bioaster , Lyon , France
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Bertolini LR, Meade H, Lazzarotto CR, Martins LT, Tavares KC, Bertolini M, Murray JD. The transgenic animal platform for biopharmaceutical production. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:329-43. [PMID: 26820414 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant production of therapeutic proteins for human diseases is currently the largest source of innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. The market growth has been the driving force on efforts for the development of new therapeutic proteins, in which transgenesis emerges as key component. The use of the transgenic animal platform offers attractive possibilities, residing on the low production costs allied to high productivity and quality of the recombinant proteins. Although many strategies have evolved over the past decades for the generation of transgenic founders, transgenesis in livestock animals generally faces some challenges, mainly due to random transgene integration and control over transgene copy number. But new developments in gene editing with CRISPR/Cas system promises to revolutionize the field for its simplicity and high efficiency. In addition, for the final approval of any given recombinant protein for animal or human use, the production and characterization of bioreactor founders and expression patterns and functionality of the proteins are technical part of the process, which also requires regulatory and administrative decisions, with a large emphasis on biosafety. The approval of two mammary gland-derived recombinant proteins for commercial and clinical use has boosted the interest for more efficient, safer and economic ways to generate transgenic founders to meet the increasing demand for biomedical proteins worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Bertolini
- Department of Pharmacology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC/RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - H Meade
- LFB, USA, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - C R Lazzarotto
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - L T Martins
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - K C Tavares
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - M Bertolini
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Embryology and Reproductive Biotechnology Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J D Murray
- Transgenics Lab, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA
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