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Dagci I, Acar M, Turhan F, Mavi A, Unver Y. Extracellular production of azurin by reusable magnetic Fe 3O 4 nanoparticle-immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biotechnol 2024; 394:48-56. [PMID: 39159754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Azurin, found in the periplasm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has garnered significant attention as a potential anticancer agent in recent years. High-level secretion of proteins into the culture medium, offers a significant advantage over periplasmic or cytoplasmic expression. In this study, for the first time, P. aeruginosa cells were immobilized with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to ensure effective, simple and quick separation of the cells and secretion of periplasmic azurin protein to the culture medium. For this purpose, polyethyleneimine-coated iron oxide (Fe3O4@PEI) MNPs were synthesized and MNPs containing Fe up to 600 ppm were found to be non-toxic to the bacteria. The highest extracellular azurin level was observed in LB medium compared to peptone water. The cells immobilized with 400 ppm Fe-containing MNPs secreted the highest protein. Lastly, the immobilized cells were found suitable for azurin secretion until the sixth use. Thus, the magnetic nanoparticle immobilization method facilitated the release of azurin as well as the simple and rapid separation of cells. This approach, by facilitating protein purification and enabling the reuse of immobilized cells, offers a cost-effective means of protein production, reducing waste cell formation, and thus presents an advantageous method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Dagci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Melek Acar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Turhan
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Mavi
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Chemistry Education, Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Unver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Mostaraddi S, Pazhang M, Ebadi-Nahari M, Najavand S. The Relationship Between the Cross-Linker on Chitosan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles and the Properties of Immobilized Papain. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1809-1823. [PMID: 36795275 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The immobilized enzymes' properties can be affected by cross-linkers on the surface of supports. To study how cross-linkers alter enzymes function, chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs) with immobilized papain were prepared using glutaraldehyde and or genipin, and then, the properties of the nanoparticles and the immobilized enzymes were assessed. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results showed that the CMNPs were prepared and papain molecules were immobilized on CMNPs by glutaraldehyde (CMNP-Glu-Papain) or by genipin (CMNP-Gen-Papain). Also, the results associated with enzymes activity indicated that the immobilization by glutaraldehyde and genipin increased the pH optimum of papain from 7 to 7.5 and 9, respectively. The kinetic results indicated that the immobilization by genipin slightly affects the enzyme affinity to the substrate. The stability results showed that CMNP-Gen-Papain has more thermal stability than CMNP-Glu-Papain and papain immobilization on CMNPs by genipin leads to stabilization of the enzyme in the presence of polar solvents, probably due to the more hydroxyl groups on CMNPs activated by genipin. In conclusion, this study suggests that there is a relationship between the types of cross-linker on the surface of supports, and the mechanism of action, kinetic parameters, and the stability of immobilized papain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Mostaraddi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pazhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ebadi-Nahari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Najavand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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Savvidou MG, Ferraro A, Schinas P, Mamma D, Kekos D, Hristoforou E, Kolisis FN. Magnetic Immobilization and Growth of Nannochloropsis oceanica and Scenedasmus almeriensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:72. [PMID: 35009076 PMCID: PMC8747155 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are used in industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Their performance on biological applications may be improved by their immobilization. This study presents a way of cell immobilization using microalgae carrying magnetic properties. Nannochloropsis oceanica and Scenedasmus almeriensis cells were treated enzymatically (cellulase) and mechanically (glass beads), generating protoplasts as a means of incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy images verified the successful cell wall destruction for both of the examined microalgae cells. Subsequently, protoplasts were transformed with magnetic nanoparticles by a continuous electroporation method and then cultured on a magnetic surface. Regeneration of transformed protoplasts was optimized using various organic carbon and amino acid supplements. Both protoplast preparation methods demonstrated similar efficiency. Casamino acids, as source of amino acids, were the most efficient compound for N. oceanica protoplasts regeneration in enzymatic and mechanical treatment, while for S. almeriensis protoplasts regeneration, fructose, as source of organic carbon, was the most effective. Protoplasts transformation efficiency values with magnetic nanoparticles after enzymatic or mechanical treatments for N. oceanica and S. almeriensis were 17.8% and 10.7%, and 18.6% and 15.7%, respectively. Finally, selected magnetic cells were immobilized and grown on a vertical magnetic surface exposed to light and without any supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Savvidou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (D.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Angelo Ferraro
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (D.M.); (D.K.)
- Laboratory of Electronic Sensors, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Petros Schinas
- Environment and Quality of Life Center, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Diomi Mamma
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (D.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Dimitris Kekos
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (D.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Evangelos Hristoforou
- Laboratory of Electronic Sensors, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Fragiskos N. Kolisis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (D.M.); (D.K.)
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Wotton A, Yeung T, Jennepalli S, Teh ZL, Pickford R, Huang S, Conibeer G, Stride JA, Patterson RJ. Simultaneous Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticle Formation and Catalyst-Driven Hydrothermal Cellulose Degradation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10790-10800. [PMID: 34056233 PMCID: PMC8153760 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Breakdown and utilization of cellulose are critical for the bioenergy sector; however, current cellulose-to-energy conversion schemes often consume large quantities of unrecoverable chemicals, or are expensive, due to the need for enzymes or high temperatures. In this paper, we demonstrate a new method for converting cellulose into soluble compounds using a mixture of Fe2+ and Fe3+ as catalytic centers for the breakdown, yielding Fe3O4 nanoparticles during the hydrothermal process. Iron precursors transformed more than 61% of microcrystalline cellulose into solutes, with the composition of the solute changing with the initial Fe3+ concentration. The primary products of the breakdown of cellulose were a range of aldaric acids with different molecular weights. The nanoparticles have concentration-dependent tuneable sizes between 6.7 and 15.8 nm in diameter. The production of value-added nanomaterials at low temperatures improves upon the economics of traditional cellulose-to-energy conversion schemes with the precursor value increasing rather than deteriorating over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wotton
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Engineering, University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tracey Yeung
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Engineering, University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sreenu Jennepalli
- School
of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Zhi Li Teh
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Engineering, University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- School
of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shujuan Huang
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Engineering, University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gavin Conibeer
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Engineering, University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - John A. Stride
- School
of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert John Patterson
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Engineering, University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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