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Ochoa-Viñals N, Alonso-Estrada D, Ramos-González R, Rodríguez-Hernández J, Martínez-Hernández JL, Aguilar-González MÁ, Betancourt-Galindo R, Michelena-Álvarez GL, Ilina A. Chitosan-coated manganese ferrite nanoparticles enhanced Rhodotorula toruloides carotenoid production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024:10.1007/s00449-024-03068-3. [PMID: 39090227 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to analyze the interaction between Rhodotorula toruloides and magnetic nanoparticles and evaluate their effect on carotenoid production. The manganese ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized without chitosan (MnFe2O4) and chitosan coating (MnFe2O4-CS) by the co-precipitation method assisted by hydrothermal treatment. XRD (X-ray diffraction), Magnetometry, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), are used to characterize the magnetic nanoparticles. The crystallite size of MnFe2O4 was 16 nm for MnFe2O4 and 20 nm for MnFe2O4-CS. The magnetic saturation of MnFe2O4-CS was lower (39.6 ± 0.6 emu/g) than the same MnFe2O4 nanoparticles (42.7 ± 0.3 emu/g), which was attributed to the chitosan fraction presence. The MnFe2O4-CS FTIR spectra revealed the presence of the characteristic chitosan bands. DLS demonstrated that the average hydrodynamic diameters were 344 nm for MnFe2O4 and 167 nm for MnFe2O4-CS. A kinetic study of cell immobilization performed with their precipitation with a magnet demonstrated that interaction between magnetic nanoparticles and R. toruloides was characterized by an equilibrium time of 2 h. The adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) were fitted to the experimental values. The trypan blue assay was used for cell viability assessment. The carotenoid production increased to 256.2 ± 6.1 µg/g dry mass at 2.0 mg/mL MnFe2O4-CS. The use of MnFe2O4-CS to stimulate carotenoid yeast production and the magnetic separation of biomass are promising nanobiotechnological alternatives. Magnetic cell immobilization is a perspective technique for obtaining cell metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayra Ochoa-Viñals
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Dania Alonso-Estrada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Ramos-González
- CONAHCYT, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
| | - Joelis Rodríguez-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo No. 140, 25250, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - José Luis Martínez-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | | | - Rebeca Betancourt-Galindo
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo No. 140, 25250, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | | | - Anna Ilina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
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Eigenfeld M, Wittmann L, Kerpes R, Schwaminger SP, Becker T. Studying the impact of cell age on the yeast growth behaviour of Saccharomyces pastorianus var. carlsbergensis by magnetic separation. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200610. [PMID: 37014328 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that yeast is a widely used microorganism in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries, the impact of viability and age distribution on cultivation performance has yet to be fully understood. For a detailed analysis of fermentation performance and physiological state, we introduced a method of magnetic batch separation to isolate daughter and mother cells from a heterogeneous culture. By binding functionalised iron oxide nanoparticles, it is possible to separate the chitin-enriched bud scars by way of a linker protein. This reveals that low viability cultures with a high daughter cell content perform similarly to a high viability culture with a low daughter cell content. Magnetic separation results in the daughter cell fraction (>95%) showing a 21% higher growth rate in aerobic conditions than mother cells and a 52% higher rate under anaerobic conditions. These findings emphasise the importance of viability and age during cultivation and are the first step towards improving the efficiency of yeast-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Eigenfeld
- TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Freising, Germany
| | - Leonie Wittmann
- TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Chair of Bioseparation Engineering, Garching, Germany
| | - Roland Kerpes
- TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Schwaminger
- TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Chair of Bioseparation Engineering, Garching, Germany
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Becker
- TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Freising, Germany
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Eigenfeld M, Wittmann L, Kerpes R, Schwaminger S, Becker T. Quantification methods of determining brewer's and pharmaceutical yeast cell viability: accuracy and impact of nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04676-w. [PMID: 37083758 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
For industrial processes, a fast, precise, and reliable method of determining the physiological state of yeast cells, especially viability, is essential. However, an increasing number of processes use magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for yeast cell manipulation, but their impact on yeast cell viability and the assay itself is unclear. This study tested the viability of Saccharomyces pastorianus ssp. carlsbergensis and Pichia pastoris by comparing traditional colourimetric, high-throughput, and growth assays with membrane fluidity. Results showed that methylene blue staining is only reliable for S. pastorianus cells with good viability, being erroneous in low viability (R2 = 0.945; [Formula: see text] = 5.78%). In comparison, the fluorescence microscopy-based assay of S. pastorianus demonstrated a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.991 at [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] = 2.50%) and flow cytometric viability determination using carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA), enabling high-throughput analysis of representative cell numbers; R2 = 0.972 ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] = 3.89%). Membrane fluidity resulted in a non-linear relationship with the viability of the yeast cells ([Formula: see text]). We also determined similar results using P. pastoris yeast. In addition, we demonstrated that MNPs affected methylene blue staining by overestimating viability. The random forest model has been shown to be a precise method for classifying nanoparticles and yeast cells and viability differentiation in flow cytometry by using CFDA. Moreover, CFDA and membrane fluidity revealed precise results for both yeasts, also in the presence of nanoparticles, enabling fast and reliable determination of viability in many experiments using MNPs for yeast cell manipulation or separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Eigenfeld
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Science, Weihenstephaner Steig 20, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Leonie Wittmann
- Chair of Bioseparation Engineering, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Roland Kerpes
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Science, Weihenstephaner Steig 20, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schwaminger
- Chair of Bioseparation Engineering, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Otto-Loewi Research Center, Neue Stiftingtalstr. 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Becker
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Science, Weihenstephaner Steig 20, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Taghizadeh SM, Ghoshoon MB, Ghasemi Y, Dehshahri A, Berenjian A, Ebrahiminezhad A. Efficiency of magnetic immobilization for recombinant Pichia pastoris cells harvesting over consecutive production cycles. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2121725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh-Masoumeh Taghizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Younes Ghasemi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, the University of Waikato, Shiraz, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 221 Agricultural Engineering Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Taghizadeh SM, Ebrahiminezhad A, Raee MJ, Ramezani H, Berenjian A, Ghasemi Y. A Study of l-Lysine-Stabilized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) on Microalgae Biofilm Formation of Chlorella vulgaris. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:702-710. [PMID: 35099707 PMCID: PMC9135783 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite iron-based nanoparticles gaining huge attraction in various field of sciences and technology, their application rises ecological concerns due to lack of studies on their interaction with microbial cells populations and communities, such as biofilms. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris cells were employed as a model of aquatic microalgae to investigate the impacts of l-lysine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (lys@IONPs) on microalgal growth and biofilm formation. In this regard, C. vulgaris cells were exposed to different concentrations of lys@IONPs and the growth of cells was evaluated by OD600 and biofilm formation was analyzed using crystal violet staining throughout 12 days. It was revealed that low concentration of nanoparticles (< 400 µg/mL) can promote cell growth and biofilm formation. However, higher concentrations have an adverse effect on microalgal communities. It is interesting that microalgal growth and biofilm are concentration- and exposure time-dependent to lys@IONPs. Over long period (~ 12 days) exposure to high concentrations of nanoparticles, cells can adapt with the condition, so growth was raised and biofilm started to develop. Results of the present study could be considered in ecological issues and also bioprocesses using microalgal cells.
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