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Kim JY, Hwang M, Choi NY, Koh SH. Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation/Assembly through the Activation of the PI3K Pathway by Naloxone Protects Neural Stem Cells from Ischemic Condition. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5330-5342. [PMID: 37300646 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Naloxone is a well-known opioid antagonist and has been suggested to have neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia. We investigated whether naloxone exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in neural stem cells (NSCs) injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), whether it affects the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation/assembly, and whether the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is important in the control of NLRP3 inflammasome activation/assembly by naloxone. Primary cultured NSCs were subjected to OGD and treated with different concentrations of naloxone. Cell viability, proliferation, and the intracellular signaling proteins associated with the PI3K pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation/assembly were evaluated in OGD-injured NSCs. OGD significantly reduced survival, proliferation, and migration and increased apoptosis of NSCs. However, treatment with naloxone significantly restored survival, proliferation, and migration and decreased apoptosis of NSCs. Moreover, OGD markedly increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation/assembly and cleaved caspase-1 and interleukin-1β levels in NSCs, but naloxone significantly attenuated these effects. These neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of naloxone were eliminated when cells were treated with PI3K inhibitors. Our results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome is a potential therapeutic target and that naloxone reduces ischemic injury in NSCs by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation/assembly mediated by the activation of the PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Razani E, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Safaroghli-Azar A, Zoghi A, Shanaki-Bavarsad M, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt signaling axis in Alzheimer's disease: a valuable target to stimulate or suppress? Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:871-887. [PMID: 34386944 PMCID: PMC8578535 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the long list of age-related complications, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has the most dreadful impact on the quality of life due to its devastating effects on memory and cognitive abilities. Although a plausible correlation between the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and different processes involved in neurodegeneration has been evidenced, few articles reviewed the task. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which the PI3K pathway plays pro-survival roles in normal conditions, and also to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on this topic. Responses to questions on how alterations of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway affect Tau phosphorylation and the amyloid cascade are given. In addition, we provide a general overview of the association between oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, alterations of insulin signaling, and altered autophagy with aberrant activation of this axis in the AD brain. The last section provides a special focus on the therapeutic possibility of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR modulators, either categorized as chemicals or herbals, in AD. In conclusion, determining the correct timing for the administration of the drugs seems to be one of the most important factors in the success of these agents. Also, the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling axis in the progression or repression of AD widely depends on the context of the cells; generally speaking, while PI3K/Akt activation in neurons and neural stem cells is favorable, its activation in microglia cells may be harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Razani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Zoghi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shanaki-Bavarsad
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Khan H, Singh A, Thapa K, Garg N, Grewal AK, Singh TG. Therapeutic modulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) pathway in cerebral ischemic injury. Brain Res 2021; 1761:147399. [PMID: 33662337 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury may leads to morbidity and mortality in patients. phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway has been believed to work in association with its downstream targets, other receptors, and pathways that may offer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effects, neuroprotective role in neuronal excitotoxicity. This review elaborates the mechanistic interventions of the PI3K pathway in cerebral ischemic injury in context to nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulation, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling (HIF-1), growth factors, Endothelial NOS (eNOS) proinflammatory cytokines, Erythropoietin (EPO), Phosphatase and tensin homologous protein of chromosome 10 gene (PTEN) signaling, NF-κB/Notch signaling, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway. Evidences showing the activation of PI3K inhibits apoptotic pathway, which results in its neuroprotective effect in ischemic injury. Despite discussing the therapeutic role of the PI3K pathway in treating cerebral ischemic injury, the review also enlighten the selective modulation of PI3K pathway with activators and inhibitors which may provide promising results in clinical and preclinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Komal Thapa
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Vélez EJ, Unniappan S. A Comparative Update on the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Growth Hormone in Vertebrates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:614981. [PMID: 33708174 PMCID: PMC7940767 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.614981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH), mainly produced from the pituitary somatotrophs is a key endocrine regulator of somatic growth. GH, a pleiotropic hormone, is also involved in regulating vital processes, including nutrition, reproduction, physical activity, neuroprotection, immunity, and osmotic pressure in vertebrates. The dysregulation of the pituitary GH and hepatic insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) affects many cellular processes associated with growth promotion, including protein synthesis, cell proliferation and metabolism, leading to growth disorders. The metabolic and growth effects of GH have interesting applications in different fields, including the livestock industry and aquaculture. The latest discoveries on new regulators of pituitary GH synthesis and secretion deserve our attention. These novel regulators include the stimulators adropin, klotho, and the fibroblast growth factors, as well as the inhibitors, nucleobindin-encoded peptides (nesfatin-1 and nesfatin-1-like peptide) and irisin. This review aims for a comparative analysis of our current understanding of the endocrine regulation of GH from the pituitary of vertebrates. In addition, we will consider useful pharmacological molecules (i.e. stimulators and inhibitors of the GH signaling pathways) that are important in studying GH and somatotroph biology. The main goal of this review is to provide an overview and update on GH regulators in 2020. While an extensive review of each of the GH regulators and an in-depth analysis of specifics are beyond its scope, we have compiled information on the main endogenous and pharmacological regulators to facilitate an easy access. Overall, this review aims to serve as a resource on GH endocrinology for a beginner to intermediate level knowledge seeker on this topic.
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Liu L, Liu W, Wang L, Zhu T, Zhong J, Xie N. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 mediates intermittent hypoxia-induced migration of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7715-7722. [PMID: 29250173 PMCID: PMC5727604 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)-associated mortality. Hypoxia promotes cancer cell migration and remote metastasis, which occur with hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) stabilization and vimentin upregulation. However, the evolutionary dynamics that link the changes in HIF-1α and vimentin levels under hypoxic conditions are not well understood. In the present study, the effects of intermittent hypoxia (IH), continuous hypoxia (CH) and normoxia on the migration and proliferation of human TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells were investigated. The results demonstrated that IH significantly increased the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells, and this effect was dependent on the number of cycles of hypoxia-reoxygenation. Unexpectedly, IH significantly inhibited cell proliferation, while CH only caused such an effect if hypoxia extended for ≥3 days. IH and CH induced HIF-1α protein accumulation and vimentin upregulation, with a greater effect observed in IH. Knockdown of HIF-1α with siRNA abolished IH-induced cell migration and vimentin upregulation. In summary, multiple cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation have a more pronounced effect on the promotion of TNBC invasiveness than CH; HIF-1α activation and downstream vimentin upregulation may account for this phenotypic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wang
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhu
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
- Graduate School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhong
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
- Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Ni Xie
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Ni Xie, Institute of Translation Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Leist M, Rinné S, Datunashvili M, Aissaoui A, Pape HC, Decher N, Meuth SG, Budde T. Acetylcholine-dependent upregulation of TASK-1 channels in thalamic interneurons by a smooth muscle-like signalling pathway. J Physiol 2017; 595:5875-5893. [PMID: 28714121 DOI: 10.1113/jp274527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The ascending brainstem transmitter acetylcholine depolarizes thalamocortical relay neurons while it induces hyperpolarization in local circuit inhibitory interneurons. Sustained K+ currents are modulated in thalamic neurons to control their activity modes; for the interneurons the molecular nature of the underlying ion channels is as yet unknown. Activation of TASK-1 K+ channels results in hyperpolarization of interneurons and suppression of their action potential firing. The modulation cascade involves a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Src. The present study identifies a novel pathway for the activation of TASK-1 channels in CNS neurons that resembles cholinergic signalling and TASK-1 current modulation during hypoxia in smooth muscle cells. ABSTRACT The dorsal part of the lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) is the main thalamic site for state-dependent transmission of visual information. Non-retinal inputs from the ascending arousal system and inhibition provided by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic local circuit interneurons (INs) control neuronal activity within the dLGN. In particular, acetylcholine (ACh) depolarizes thalamocortical relay neurons by inhibiting two-pore domain potassium (K2P ) channels. Conversely, ACh also hyperpolarizes INs via an as-yet-unknown mechanism. By using whole cell patch-clamp recordings in brain slices and appropriate pharmacological tools we here report that stimulation of type 2 muscarinic ACh receptors induces IN hyperpolarization by recruiting the G-protein βγ subunit (Gβγ), class-1A phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, and cellular and sarcoma (c-Src) tyrosine kinase, leading to activation of two-pore domain weakly inwardly rectifying K+ channel (TWIK)-related acid-sensitive K+ (TASK)-1 channels. The latter was confirmed by the use of TASK-1-deficient mice. Furthermore inhibition of phospholipase Cβ as well as an increase in the intracellular level of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate facilitated the muscarinic effect. Our results have uncovered a previously unknown role of c-Src tyrosine kinase in regulating IN function in the brain and identified a novel mechanism by which TASK-1 channels are activated in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leist
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Rinné
- Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, AG Vegetative Physiologie, Philipps-Universität, Deutschhausstraße 1-2, D-35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maia Datunashvili
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ania Aissaoui
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Pape
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Niels Decher
- Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, AG Vegetative Physiologie, Philipps-Universität, Deutschhausstraße 1-2, D-35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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7
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Kim Y, Kim YS, Noh MY, Lee H, Joe B, Kim HY, Kim J, Kim SH, Park J. Neuroprotective effects of a novel poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitor, JPI-289, in hypoxic rat cortical neurons. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:671-679. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngchul Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology; R&D Center; Jeil Pharmaceutical Co.; Yongin-City Kyunggi-Do Korea
- Department of Neurology; College of Medicine; Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Young S. Kim
- Department of Neurology; College of Medicine; Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Min-Young Noh
- Department of Neurology; College of Medicine; Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Hanchang Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology; R&D Center; Jeil Pharmaceutical Co.; Yongin-City Kyunggi-Do Korea
| | - Boyoung Joe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology; R&D Center; Jeil Pharmaceutical Co.; Yongin-City Kyunggi-Do Korea
| | - Hyun Y. Kim
- Department of Neurology; College of Medicine; Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology; R&D Center; Jeil Pharmaceutical Co.; Yongin-City Kyunggi-Do Korea
| | - Seung H. Kim
- Department of Neurology; College of Medicine; Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jiseon Park
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology; R&D Center; Jeil Pharmaceutical Co.; Yongin-City Kyunggi-Do Korea
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Aghazadeh-Attari J, Sufian N, Fink-Gremmels J, Malekinejad H. Allopurinol attenuated the chemically-induced hypoxia (hypoxia-reoxygenation) injuries via down-regulation of the transcription factor HIF-1α in neuroblastoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Yu HJ, Koh SH. The role of PI3K/AKT pathway and its therapeutic possibility in Alzheimer's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.7599/hmr.2017.37.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Yu
- Department of Neurology, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Gyeonggi, South Korea
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10
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Wei S, Tong J, Xue Q, Liu Y, Xu X. Pathways Involved in Oxygen Glucose Deprivation Damage of Astrocytes. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:115-122. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Kim YS, Yoo A, Son JW, Kim HY, Lee YJ, Hwang S, Lee KY, Lee YJ, Ayata C, Kim HH, Koh SH. Early Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase after Ischemic Stroke Reduces Infarct Volume and Improves Long-Term Behavior. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5375-5384. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Ong Q, Guo S, Duan L, Zhang K, Collier EA, Cui B. The Timing of Raf/ERK and AKT Activation in Protecting PC12 Cells against Oxidative Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153487. [PMID: 27082641 PMCID: PMC4833326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute brain injuries such as ischemic stroke or traumatic brain injury often cause massive neural death and irreversible brain damage with grave consequences. Previous studies have established that a key participant in the events leading to neural death is the excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Protecting neuronal cells by activating their endogenous defense mechanisms is an attractive treatment strategy for acute brain injuries. In this work, we investigate how the precise timing of the Raf/ERK and the AKT pathway activation affects their protective effects against oxidative stress. For this purpose, we employed optogenetic systems that use light to precisely and reversibly activate either the Raf/ERK or the AKT pathway. We find that preconditioning activation of the Raf/ERK or the AKT pathway immediately before oxidant exposure provides significant protection to cells. Notably, a 15-minute transient activation of the Raf/ERK pathway is able to protect PC12 cells against oxidant strike that is applied 12 hours later, while the transient activation of the AKT pathway fails to protect PC12 cells in such a scenario. On the other hand, if the pathways are activated after the oxidative insult, i.e. postconditioning, the AKT pathway conveys greater protective effect than the Raf/ERK pathway. We find that postconditioning AKT activation has an optimal delay period of 2 hours. When the AKT pathway is activated 30min after the oxidative insult, it exhibits very little protective effect. Therefore, the precise timing of the pathway activation is crucial in determining its protective effect against oxidative injury. The optogenetic platform, with its precise temporal control and its ability to activate specific pathways, is ideal for the mechanistic dissection of intracellular pathways in protection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunxiang Ong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
| | - Shunling Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
| | - Liting Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States of America
| | - Eleanor Ann Collier
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Koh SH, Lo EH. The Role of the PI3K Pathway in the Regeneration of the Damaged Brain by Neural Stem Cells after Cerebral Infarction. J Clin Neurol 2015; 11:297-304. [PMID: 26320845 PMCID: PMC4596106 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2015.11.4.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurologic deficits resulting from stroke remain largely intractable, which has prompted thousands of studies aimed at developing methods for treating these neurologic sequelae. Endogenous neurogenesis is also known to occur after brain damage, including that due to cerebral infarction. Focusing on this process may provide a solution for treating neurologic deficits caused by cerebral infarction. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is known to play important roles in cell survival, and many studies have focused on use of the PI3K pathway to treat brain injury after stroke. Furthermore, since the PI3K pathway may also play key roles in the physiology of neural stem cells (NSCs), eliciting the appropriate activation of the PI3K pathway in NSCs may help to improve the sequelae of cerebral infarction. This review describes the PI3K pathway, its roles in the brain and NSCs after cerebral infarction, and the therapeutic possibility of activating the pathway to improve neurologic deficits after cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Koh
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Liu J, Han J, Lv H. ADPRtool: A novel predicting model for identification of ASP-ADP-Ribosylation sites of human proteins. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2015; 13:1550015. [PMID: 26017462 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720015500158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) occur in the vast majority of proteins, and they are essential for many protein functions. Computational prediction of the residue location of PTMs enhances the functional characterization of proteins. ADP-Ribosylation is an important type of PTM, because it is implicated in apoptosis, DNA repair, regulation of cell proliferation, and protein synthesis. However, mass spectrometric approaches have difficulties in identifying a vast number of protein ADP-Ribosylation sites. Therefore, a computational method for predicting ADP-Ribosylation sites of human proteins seems useful and necessary. Four types of sequence features and an incremental feature selection technique are utilized to predict protein ADP-Ribosylation sites. The final feature set for ADPR prediction modeling is optimized, based on a minimum redundancy maximum relevance criterion, so as to make more accurate predictions on aspartic acid ADPR modified residues. Our prediction model, ADPRtool, is capable to predict Asp-ADP-Ribosylation sites with a total accuracy of 85.45%, which is as good as most computational PTM site predictors. By using a sequence-based computational method, a new ADP-Ribosylation site prediction model - ADPRtool, is developed, and it has shown great accuracies with total accuracy, Matthew's correlation coefficient and area under receiver operating characteristic curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jiuqiang Han
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Lv
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
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15
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Rzemieniec J, Litwa E, Wnuk A, Lason W, Gołas A, Krzeptowski W, Kajta M. Neuroprotective action of raloxifene against hypoxia-induced damage in mouse hippocampal cells depends on ERα but not ERβ or GPR30 signalling. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 146:26-37. [PMID: 24846829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Raloxifene is the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) currently used in clinical practice to activate estrogen receptors (ERs) in bone tissue and to antagonise ERs in breast and uterine cancers. Little is known, however, about mechanisms of action of raloxifene on hypoxia-induced neuronal cell damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective potential of raloxifene against hypoxia-induced damage of mouse hippocampal cells in primary cultures, with a particular focus on raloxifene interactions with the classical nuclear ERs (ERα, ERβ) and the recently identified membrane ER G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30). In this study, 18 h of hypoxia increased hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (Hif1α) mRNA expression and induced apoptotic processes, such as loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-3 and fragmentation of cell nuclei based on Hoechst 33342 staining. These effects were accompanied by reduced ATPase and intracellular esterase activities as well as substantial lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from cells exposed to hypoxia. Our study demonstrated strong neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic caspase-3-independent actions of raloxifene in hippocampal cells exposed to hypoxia. Raloxifene also inhibited the hypoxia-induced decrease in Erα mRNA expression and attenuated the hypoxia-induced rise in Erβ and Gpr30 mRNA expression levels. Impact of raloxifene on hypoxia-affected Erα mRNA was mirrored by fluctuations in the protein level of the receptor as demonstrated by Western blot and immunofluorescent labelling. Raloxifene-induced changes in Erβ mRNA expression level were in parallel with ERβ immunofluorescent labeling. However, changes in Gpr30 mRNA level were not reflected by changes in the protein levels measured either by ELISA, Western blot or immunofluorescent staining at 24h post-treatment. Using specific siRNAs, we provided evidence for a key involvement of ERα, but not ERβ or GPR30 in neuroprotective action of raloxifene against hypoxia-induced cell damage. This study may have implications for the treatment or prevention of hypoxic brain injury and the administration of current or new generations of SERMs specific to ERα. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Sex steroids and brain disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rzemieniec
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - E Litwa
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Wnuk
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - W Lason
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gołas
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - W Krzeptowski
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Confocal Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kajta
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
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Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Preconditioned Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Rescue Ischemic Rat Cortical Neurons by Enhancing Trophic Factor Release. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:792-803. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Liu R, Zhao W, Zhao Q, Liu SJ, Liu J, He M, Xu Y, Wang W, Liu W, Xia QJ, Li CY, Wang TH. Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein 29 Protects Cortical Neurons From Apoptosis and Promoting Corticospinal Tract Regeneration to Improve Neural Behavior via Caspase and Erk Signal in Rats with Spinal Cord Transection. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:1035-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Mejía-García TA, Portugal CC, Encarnação TG, Prado MAM, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Nitric oxide regulates AKT phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in cultured retinal cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2424-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Newly developed glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitors protect neuronal cells death in amyloid-beta induced cell model and in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:274-81. [PMID: 23632329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is emerging as a prominent therapeutic target of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A number of studies have been undertaken to develop GSK-3 inhibitors for clinical use. We report two novel GSK-3 inhibitors (C-7a and C-7b) showing good activity and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles. IC50 of new GSK-3 inhibitors were in the range of 120-130 nM, and they effectively reduced the Aβ-oligomers induced neuronal toxicity. Also, new GSK-3 inhibitors decreased the phosphorylated tau at pThr231, pSer396, pThr181, and pSer202, and inhibited the GSK-3 activity against Aβ-oligomers induced neuronal cell toxicity. In B6;129-Psen1(tm1Mpm) Tg(APPSwe, tauP301L)1Lfa/Mmjax model of AD, oral administration of C-7a (20 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg) showed increased total arm entries and spontaneous alteration of Y-maze which was regarded as short-term memory. In particular, 50 mg/kg C-7a treated mice significantly decreased the level of phosphorylated tau (Ser396) in brain hippocampus. We suggest that new GSK-3 inhibitor (C-7a) is potential candidates for the treatment of AD.
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