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Mosier JM, Sammani S, Kempf C, Unger E, Garcia JGN. The impact of intravenous dodecafluoropentane on a murine model of acute lung injury. Intensive Care Med Exp 2023; 11:33. [PMID: 37322298 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intravenous oxygen therapeutics present an appealing option for improving arterial oxygenation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, while limiting iatrogenic injury from conventional respiratory management. METHODS We used an established two-hit murine model of acute lung injury (ARDS/VILI) to evaluate the effect of intravenous dodecafluoropentane (DDFPe) on oxygen saturation and bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts and protein levels. Twenty hours after challenge with intratracheal lipopolysaccharide, mice were intubated and ventilated with high tidal volumes (4 h) to produce acute lung injury. DDFPe (0.6 mL/kg) or saline was administered by IV bolus injection at the initiation of mechanical ventilation and again at 2 h. Oxygen saturation was measured every 15 min. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed at the conclusion of the experiment. RESULTS The two-hit ARDS/VILI model produced substantial inflammatory acute lung injury reflected by markedly increased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell counts compared to BAL cell counts in spontaneous breathing controls (5.29 ± 1.50 × 10-6 vs 0.74 ± 0.014 × 10-6 cells/mL) Similarly, BAL protein levels were markedly elevated in ARDS/VILI-challenged mice compared with spontaneous breathing controls (1109.27 ± 223.80 vs 129.6 ± 9.75 ng/mL). We fit a linear mixed effects model that showed a significant difference in oxygen saturation over time between DDFPe-treated mice and saline-treated mice, with separation starting after the 2-h injection. DDFPe-treated ARDS/VILI-challenged mice also exhibited significant reductions in BAL cell counts but not in BAL protein. CONCLUSION DDFPe improves oxygen saturation in a murine model of ARDS/VILI injury with the potential for serving as an intravenous oxygen therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod M Mosier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., AHSL 4170D, P.O. Box 245057, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5057, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Carrie Kempf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Evan Unger
- Department of Radiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Krafft MP, Riess JG. Therapeutic oxygen delivery by perfluorocarbon-based colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102407. [PMID: 34120037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
After the protocol-related indecisive clinical trial of Oxygent, a perfluorooctylbromide/phospholipid nanoemulsion, in cardiac surgery, that often unduly assigned the observed untoward effects to the product, the development of perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based O2 nanoemulsions ("blood substitutes") has come to a low. Yet, significant further demonstrations of PFC O2-delivery efficacy have continuously been reported, such as relief of hypoxia after myocardial infarction or stroke; protection of vital organs during surgery; potentiation of O2-dependent cancer therapies, including radio-, photodynamic-, chemo- and immunotherapies; regeneration of damaged nerve, bone or cartilage; preservation of organ grafts destined for transplantation; and control of gas supply in tissue engineering and biotechnological productions. PFC colloids capable of augmenting O2 delivery include primarily injectable PFC nanoemulsions, microbubbles and phase-shift nanoemulsions. Careful selection of PFC and other colloid components is critical. The basics of O2 delivery by PFC nanoemulsions will be briefly reminded. Improved knowledge of O2 delivery mechanisms has been acquired. Advanced, size-adjustable O2-delivering nanoemulsions have been designed that have extended room-temperature shelf-stability. Alternate O2 delivery options are being investigated that rely on injectable PFC-stabilized microbubbles or phase-shift PFC nanoemulsions. The latter combine prolonged circulation in the vasculature, capacity for penetrating tumor tissues, and acute responsiveness to ultrasound and other external stimuli. Progress in microbubble and phase-shift emulsion engineering, control of phase-shift activation (vaporization), understanding and control of bubble/ultrasound/tissue interactions is discussed. Control of the phase-shift event and of microbubble size require utmost attention. Further PFC-based colloidal systems, including polymeric micelles, PFC-loaded organic or inorganic nanoparticles and scaffolds, have been devised that also carry substantial amounts of O2. Local, on-demand O2 delivery can be triggered by external stimuli, including focused ultrasound irradiation or tumor microenvironment. PFC colloid functionalization and targeting can help adjust their properties for specific indications, augment their efficacy, improve safety profiles, and expand the range of their indications. Many new medical and biotechnological applications involving fluorinated colloids are being assessed, including in the clinic. Further uses of PFC-based colloidal nanotherapeutics will be briefly mentioned that concern contrast diagnostic imaging, including molecular imaging and immune cell tracking; controlled delivery of therapeutic energy, as for noninvasive surgical ablation and sonothrombolysis; and delivery of drugs and genes, including across the blood-brain barrier. Even when the fluorinated colloids investigated are designed for other purposes than O2 supply, they will inevitably also carry and deliver a certain amount of O2, and may thus be considered for O2 delivery or co-delivery applications. Conversely, O2-carrying PFC nanoemulsions possess by nature a unique aptitude for 19F MR imaging, and hence, cell tracking, while PFC-stabilized microbubbles are ideal resonators for ultrasound contrast imaging and can undergo precise manipulation and on-demand destruction by ultrasound waves, thereby opening multiple theranostic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pierre Krafft
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean G Riess
- Harangoutte Institute, 68160 Ste Croix-aux-Mines, France
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Perrelli A, Fatehbasharzad P, Benedetti V, Ferraris C, Fontanella M, De Luca E, Moglianetti M, Battaglia L, Retta SF. Towards precision nanomedicine for cerebrovascular diseases with emphasis on Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM). Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:849-876. [PMID: 33406376 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1873273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cerebrovascular diseases encompass various disorders of the brain vasculature, such as ischemic/hemorrhagic strokes, aneurysms, and vascular malformations, also affecting the central nervous system leading to a large variety of transient or permanent neurological disorders. They represent major causes of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, and some of them can be inherited, including Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM), an autosomal dominant cerebrovascular disease linked to mutations in CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2, or CCM3/PDCD10 genes.Areas covered: Besides marked clinical and etiological heterogeneity, some commonalities are emerging among distinct cerebrovascular diseases, including key pathogenetic roles of oxidative stress and inflammation, which are increasingly recognized as major disease hallmarks and therapeutic targets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the different clinical features and common pathogenetic determinants of cerebrovascular diseases, highlighting major challenges, including the pressing need for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and focusing on emerging innovative features and promising benefits of nanomedicine strategies for early detection and targeted treatment of such diseases.Expert opinion: Specifically, we describe and discuss the multiple physico-chemical features and unique biological advantages of nanosystems, including nanodiagnostics, nanotherapeutics, and nanotheranostics, that may help improving diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases and neurological comorbidities, with an emphasis on CCM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino Italy.,CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino Italy
| | - Parisa Fatehbasharzad
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino Italy.,CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino Italy
| | - Valerio Benedetti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino Italy.,CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino Italy
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Fontanella
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa De Luca
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Lecce, Italy.,Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro Moglianetti
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Lecce, Italy.,Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino Italy.,CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino Italy
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Arnaud F, Haque A, Morris MAJE, Moon-Massat P, Auker C, Biswajit S, Hazzard B, Tran Ho LTV, McCarron R, Scultetus A. Treatment of Swine Closed Head Injury with Perfluorocarbon NVX-428. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 8:medsci8040041. [PMID: 32992571 PMCID: PMC7712073 DOI: 10.3390/medsci8040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pre-hospital treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with co-existing polytrauma is complicated by requirements for intravenous fluid volume vs. hypotensive resuscitation. A low volume, small particle-size-oxygen-carrier perfluorocarbon emulsion NVX-428 (dodecafluoropentane emulsion; 2% w/v) could improve brain tissue with minimal additional fluid volume. This study examined whether the oxygen-carrier NVX-428 shows safety and efficacy for pre-hospital treatment of TBI. Anesthetized swine underwent fluid percussion injury TBI and received 1 mL/kg IV NVX-428 (TBI-NVX) at 15 min (T15) or normal saline (no-treatment) (TBI-NON). Similarly, uninjured swine received NVX-428 (SHAM-NVX) or normal saline (SHAM-NON). Animals were monitored and measurements were taken for physiological and neurological parameters before euthanasia at the six-hour mark (T360). Histopathological analysis was performed on paraffin embedded tissues. Physiological, biochemical and blood gas parameters were not different, with the exception of a significant but transient increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure observed in the TBI-experimental group immediately after drug administration. There were no initial differences in brain oxygenation at baseline, but over time oxygen decreased ~50% in both TBI groups. Histological brain injury scores were similar between TBI-NVX and TBI-NON, although a number of subcategories (spongiosis-ischemic/dead neurons-hemorrhage-edema) in TBI-NVX had a tendency for lower scores. The cerebellum showed significantly lower spongiosis and ischemic/dead neuron injury scores and a lower number of Fluoro-Jade-B-positive cerebellar-Purkinje-cells after NVX-428 treatment compared to controls. NVX-428 may assist in mitigating secondary cellular brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise Arnaud
- Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (A.H.); (P.M.-M.); (C.A.); (S.B.); (B.H.); (L.T.V.T.H.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., 6720 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +301-319-7687
| | - Ashraful Haque
- Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (A.H.); (P.M.-M.); (C.A.); (S.B.); (B.H.); (L.T.V.T.H.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., 6720 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - MAJ Erin Morris
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Veterinary Pathology Services, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Paula Moon-Massat
- Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (A.H.); (P.M.-M.); (C.A.); (S.B.); (B.H.); (L.T.V.T.H.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., 6720 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Charles Auker
- Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (A.H.); (P.M.-M.); (C.A.); (S.B.); (B.H.); (L.T.V.T.H.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., 6720 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Saha Biswajit
- Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (A.H.); (P.M.-M.); (C.A.); (S.B.); (B.H.); (L.T.V.T.H.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., 6720 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Brittany Hazzard
- Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (A.H.); (P.M.-M.); (C.A.); (S.B.); (B.H.); (L.T.V.T.H.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., 6720 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Lam Thuy Vi Tran Ho
- Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (A.H.); (P.M.-M.); (C.A.); (S.B.); (B.H.); (L.T.V.T.H.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., 6720 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Richard McCarron
- Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (A.H.); (P.M.-M.); (C.A.); (S.B.); (B.H.); (L.T.V.T.H.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Anke Scultetus
- Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (A.H.); (P.M.-M.); (C.A.); (S.B.); (B.H.); (L.T.V.T.H.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Zhang N, Wei MY, Ma Q. Nanomedicines: A Potential Treatment for Blood Disorder Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:369. [PMID: 31850329 PMCID: PMC6892756 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood disorder diseases (BDDs), also known as hematologic, is one of the diseases owing to hematopoietic system disorder. Chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, and stem cells therapy have been used to treat BDDs. However, the cure rates are still low due to the availability of the right type of bone marrow and the likelihood of recurrence and infection. With the rapid development of nanotechnology in the field of biomedicine, artificial blood or blood substitute has shown promising features for the emergency treatment of BDDs. Herein, we surveyed recent advances in the development of artificial blood components: gas carrier components (erythrocyte substitutes), immune response components (white blood cell substitutes), and hemostasis-responsive components (platelet substitutes). Platelet-inspired nanomedicines for cancer treatment were also discussed. The challenges and prospects of these treatment options in future nanomedicine development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Wei
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
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Baron JC. Protecting the ischaemic penumbra as an adjunct to thrombectomy for acute stroke. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 14:325-337. [PMID: 29674752 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-018-0002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
After ischaemic stroke, brain damage can be curtailed by rescuing the 'ischaemic penumbra' - that is, the severely hypoperfused, at-risk but not yet infarcted tissue. Current evidence-based treatments involve restoration of blood flow so as to salvage the penumbra before it evolves into irreversibly damaged tissue, termed the 'core'. Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) can salvage the penumbra if given within 4.5 h after stroke onset; however, the early recanalization rate is only ~30%. Direct removal of the occluding clot by mechanical thrombectomy considerably improves outcomes over IVT alone, but despite early recanalization in > 80% of cases, ~50% of patients who receive this treatment do not enjoy functional independence, usually because the core is already too large at the time of recanalization. Novel therapies aiming to 'freeze' the penumbra - that is, prevent core growth until recanalization is complete - hold potential as adjuncts to mechanical thrombectomy. This Review focuses on nonpharmacological approaches that aim to restore the physiological balance between oxygen delivery to and oxygen demand of the penumbra. Particular emphasis is placed on normobaric oxygen therapy, hypothermia and sensory stimulation. Preclinical evidence and early pilot clinical trials are critically reviewed, and future directions, including clinical translation and trial design issues, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Baron
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris 5, INSERM U894, Paris, France.
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Dodecafluoropentane Emulsion in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Phase Ib/II Randomized and Controlled Dose-Escalation Trial. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019; 30:1244-1250.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Jayaraman MS, Graham K, Unger EC. In vitro model to compare the oxygen offloading behaviour of dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe). ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:783-789. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1577882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liu Z, Barber C, Gupta A, Wan L, Won YW, Furenlid LR, Chen Q, Desai AA, Zhao M, Bull DA, Unger EC, Martin DR. Imaging assessment of cardioprotection mediated by a dodecafluoropentane oxygen-carrier administered during myocardial infarction. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 70:67-77. [PMID: 30772168 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of a dodecafluoropentane (DDFP)-based perfluorocarbon emulsion (DDFPe) as an artificial carrier for oxygen delivery to ischemic myocardium, using 99mTc-duramycin SPECT imaging. METHODS Rat hearts with Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was prepared by coronary ligation for 45-min followed by reperfusion. The feasibility of 99mTc-duramycin in detecting myocardial I/R injury and its kinetic profile were first verified in the ischemic hearts with 2-h reperfusion (n = 6). DDFPe (0.6 mL/kg) was intravenously administered at 10 min after coronary ligation in fifteen rats and saline was given in thirteen rats as controls. 99mTc-duramycin SPECT images were acquired in the DDFPe-treated hearts and saline controls at 2-h (DDFPe-2 h, n = 7 and Saline-2 h, n = 6) or 24-h (DDFPe-24 h, n = 8 and Saline-24 h, n = 7) of reperfusion. RESULTS SPECT images, showing "hot-spot" 99mTc-duramycin uptake in the ischemic myocardium, exhibited significantly lower radioactive retention and smaller hot-spot size in the DDFPe-2 h and DDFPe-24 h hearts compared to controls. The infarcts in the Saline-24 h hearts extended significantly relative to measurements in the Saline-2 h. The extension of infarct size did not reach a statistical difference between the DDFPe-2 h and DDFPe-24 h hearts. Ex vivo measurement of 99mTc-duramycin activity (%ID/g) was lower in the ischemic area of DDFPe-2 h and DDFPe-24 h than that of the Saline-2 h and Saline-24 h hearts (P < 0.05). The area of injured myocardium, delineated by the uptake of 99mTc-duramycin, extended more substantially outside the infarct zone in the controls. CONCLUSIONS Significant reduction in myocardial I/R injury, as assessed by 99mTc-duramycin cell death imaging and histopathological analysis, was induced by DDFPe treatment after acute myocardial ischemia. 99mTc-duramycin imaging can reveal myocardial cell death in ischemic hearts and may provide a tool for the non-invasive assessment of cardioprotective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
| | - Christy Barber
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Akash Gupta
- Division of Cardiology of Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Young-Wook Won
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Lars R Furenlid
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Division of Cardiology of Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ming Zhao
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - David A Bull
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Evan C Unger
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; NuvOx Pharma, LLC., Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Diego R Martin
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
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Deuchar GA, van Kralingen JC, Work LM, Santosh C, Muir KW, McCabe C, Macrae IM. Preclinical Validation of the Therapeutic Potential of Glasgow Oxygen Level Dependent (GOLD) Technology: a Theranostic for Acute Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 10:583-595. [PMID: 30506268 PMCID: PMC6733820 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In acute stroke patients, penumbral tissue is non-functioning but potentially salvageable within a time window of variable duration and represents target tissue for rescue. Reperfusion by thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy can rescue penumbra and improve stroke outcomes, but these treatments are currently available to a minority of patients. In addition to the utility of Glasgow Oxygen Level Dependent (GOLD) as an MRI contrast capable of detecting penumbra, its constituent perfluorocarbon (PFC) oxygen carrier, combined with normobaric hyperoxia, also represents a potential acute stroke treatment through improved oxygen delivery to penumbra. Preclinical studies were designed to test the efficacy of an intravenous oxygen carrier, the perfluorocarbon emulsion Oxycyte® (O-PFC), combined with normobaric hyperoxia (50% O2) in both in vitro (neuronal cell culture) and in vivo rat models of ischaemic stroke. Outcome was assessed through the quantification of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress levels, mortality, infarct volume, neurological scoring and sensorimotor tests of functional outcome in two in vivo models of stroke. Additionally, we investigated evidence for any positive or negative interactions with the thrombolytic recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) following embolus-induced stroke in rats. Treatment with intravenous O-PFC + normobaric hyperoxia (50% O2) provided evidence of reduced infarct size and improved functional recovery. It did not exacerbate oxidative stress and showed no adverse interactions with rt-PA. The positive results and lack of adverse effects support human trials of O-PFC + 50% O2 normobaric hyperoxia as a potential therapeutic approach. Combined with the diagnostic data presented in the preceding paper, O-PFC and normobaric hyperoxia is a potential theranostic for acute ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme A Deuchar
- Aurum Biosciences Ltd, 20-23 Woodside Place, Glasgow, Scotland, G3 7QL, UK.
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Josie C van Kralingen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Lorraine M Work
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Celestine Santosh
- Aurum Biosciences Ltd, 20-23 Woodside Place, Glasgow, Scotland, G3 7QL, UK
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Keith W Muir
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Chris McCabe
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - I Mhairi Macrae
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Li M, Liu Y, Chen J, Liu T, Gu Z, Zhang J, Gu X, Teng G, Yang F, Gu N. Platelet bio-nanobubbles as microvascular recanalization nanoformulation for acute ischemic stroke lesion theranostics. Theranostics 2018; 8:4870-4883. [PMID: 30429874 PMCID: PMC6217069 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the expected therapeutic results of ischemic stroke are strictly time dependent, early and accurate diagnosis as well as short intervals between diagnosis and treatment are key factors for the survival of stroke patients. In this study, we fabricated platelet (PLT) membrane-derived biomimetic nanobubbles (PNBs) for timely perfusion intervention and ultrasound imaging of acute ischemic stroke. Methods: The PNBs are fabricated by sonication-assisted reassembly of repeatedly freeze-thawed live platelet-derived PLT membrane vesicles (PMVs). The TEM, SEM, EDS and DLS were used to analyze the morphology and physicochemical properties of PNBs. The HPLC and LC-MS/MS were applied to confirm the lipid and protein compositions of PNBs. The in vitro macrophage uptake and platelet aggregation of PNBs were designed to examine the immune escape and thrombotic response characteristics. Furthermore, based on a photothrombotic ischemic stroke mouse model, the biodistribution, stroke microvascular network change, as well as cerebral blood flow of PNBs were studied by using near-infrared fluorescence imaging, multimodal optical imaging, and full-field laser perfusion imager. Finally, we assessed the brain ultrasound imaging of PNBs with a high-resolution micro-imaging system using both B-mode and contrast mode. Results: The natural lipid and protein components isolated from PLT membrane endow the PNBs with accurate lesion-targeting ability. The preferentially accumulated PNBs exhibit microvascular bio-remodeling ability of the stroke lesion, which is critical for recanalization of the obstructed vessels to protect the neural cells around the ischemic region of the stroke. Furthermore, with the increased accumulation of PNBs clusters in the lesion, PNBs in the lesion can be monitored by real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging to indicate the severity and dynamic development of the stroke. Conclusions: In summary, platelet membrane-based nanobubbles for targeting acute ischemic lesions were developed as microvascular recanalization nanoformulation for acute ischemic stroke lesion theranostics. This biomimetic PNBs theranostic strategy will be valuable for ischemic stroke patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Li
- State key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano-Science and Technology, Southeast University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano-Science and Technology, Southeast University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jinpeng Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Taotao Liu
- State key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhuxiao Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano-Science and Technology, Southeast University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianqiong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaochun Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecule and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical Schoool, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Gaojun Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecule and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical Schoool, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Fang Yang
- State key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano-Science and Technology, Southeast University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ning Gu
- State key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano-Science and Technology, Southeast University, Suzhou 215123, China
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12
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Arthur C, Song L, Culp W, Brown A, Borrelli M, Skinner R, Hendrickson H. Tissue Concentration of Dodecafluoropentane (DDFP) Following Repeated IV Administration in the New Zealand White Rabbit. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 19:520-526. [PMID: 28028728 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-0013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
IV injection of dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe) increases oxygen transportation and reduces brain infarct volume in a rabbit stroke model. Tissue distribution of the parent perfluorocarbon dodecafluoropentane (DDFP) is unknown but is critical to understanding the mechanism by which DDFPe is effective in treating ischemia and for determining safe dosing. Previous studies showed a DDFP blood half-life of <2 min yet therapeutic effects lasted >90 min after injection. We describe DDFP distribution in brain, kidney, liver, spleen, and lung following nine dosing regimens in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Single and multi-dose schedules were administered to NZW rabbits (n = 27). A single DDFPe dose (0.6 ml/kg) group was sacrificed 2 min after dosing and eight multi-dose groups (4 doses of 0.3 or 0.6 ml/kg and 15 doses of 0.1, 0.3, or 0.6) were sacrificed 90 min after final injections. Tissues were flash frozen and analyzed with headspace sampling/GC-MS. DDFP brain concentration increased with increasing dose in the 15 dose groups (4.70, 8.34, and 14.3 μg/g) and indicative of linear pharmacokinetics within this dose range. The DDFP lung concentration was not reflective of increasing dose or dose frequency. The total clearance of DDFP was consistent with previous reports showing 98% of DDFP is cleared within 2 h of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Arthur
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Lin Song
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street #622, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - William Culp
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Aliza Brown
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Michael Borrelli
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA.,College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street #622, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Robert Skinner
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences and Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Howard Hendrickson
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street #622, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA.
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13
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Arthur MC, Brown A, Carlson K, Lowery J, Skinner RD, Culp WC. Dodecafluoropentane Improves Neurological Function Following Anterior Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4764-4770. [PMID: 27501802 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe), an advanced oxygen transport drug, given IV at 90-min intervals maintains viability in the penumbra during cerebral ischemia in the standard rabbit anterior stroke model (STND). This study investigated shortened dosage schedules of DDFPe in nonstandard posterior (NSTND) strokes following occlusions of the posterior cerebral arteries. DDFPe given at shortened schedules of 30 or 60-min injection intervals will reduce neurological deficits, percent stroke volume (%SV), and serum glutamate levels in NSTND ischemic strokes. New Zealand White rabbits (N = 26) were randomly placed into three groups: A (n = 9) controls given saline injections every 60 min, B (n = 9) 2 % DDFPe given IV every 30 min, and C (n = 8) DDFPe every 60 min. Injections began 1 h after embolization. Groups were subdivided into STND and NSTND based on angiographically verified embolization of the cerebral arteries. Neurological assessments and blood samples were done at 0.5-1-h intervals. Rabbits were euthanized at 7 h following embolization. Stained brain slices were measured for %SV. The 30 and 60-min subgroups did not differ and were combined as DDFPe-STND or DDFPe-NSTND groups. In the DDFPe-STND stroke group, the %SV, neurological assessment scores (NAS), and serum glutamate were decreased vs. STND controls (p = 0.0016, 0.008, and 0.016, respectively). In the DDFPe-NSTND stroke group, %SV, NAS, and serum glutamate did not differ statistically compared to NSTND controls (p = 0.82, 0.097, and 0.06, respectively). More frequent dosage schedules provided no additional improvement. In anterior strokes, DDFPe improves recovery but not in the more severe NSTND strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christine Arthur
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Slot 556, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Aliza Brown
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Slot 556, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Kristen Carlson
- College of Medicine, Medical School, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - John Lowery
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Robert D Skinner
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Slot 556, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences and Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - William C Culp
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Slot 556, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
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Perfluorocarbon NVX-108 increased cerebral oxygen tension after traumatic brain injury in rats. Brain Res 2016; 1634:132-139. [PMID: 26794250 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is a critical secondary injury mechanism in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and early intervention to alleviate post-TBI hypoxia may be beneficial. NVX-108, a dodecafluoropentane perfluorocarbon, was screened for its ability to increase brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) when administered soon after TBI. METHODS Ketamine-acepromazine anesthetized rats ventilated with 40% oxygen underwent moderate controlled cortical impact (CCI)-TBI at time 0 (T0). Rats received either no treatment (NON, n=8) or 0.5 ml/kg intravenous (IV) NVX-108 (NVX, n=9) at T15 (15 min after TBI) and T75. RESULTS Baseline cortical PbtO2 was 28±3 mm Hg and CCI-TBI resulted in a 46±6% reduction in PbtO2 at T15 (P<0.001). Significant differences in time-group interactions (P=0.013) were found when comparing either absolute or percentage change of PbtO2 to post-injury (mixed-model ANOVA) suggesting that administration of NVX-108 increased PbtO2 above injury levels while it remained depressed in the NON group. Specifically in the NVX group, PbtO2 increased to a peak 143% of T15 (P=0.02) 60 min after completion of NVX-108 injection (T135). Systemic blood pressure was not different between the groups. CONCLUSION NVX-108 caused an increase in PbtO2 following CCI-TBI in rats and should be evaluated further as a possible immediate treatment for TBI.
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15
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Zhang H, Xu R, Xie F, Xu W, Zeng MF, Wang X, Zhu J. Protective effects of perfluorooctyl-bromide nanoparticles on early brain injuries following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:1404-1416. [PMID: 26396671 PMCID: PMC4568796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the protective effects of perfluorooctyl-bromide (PFOB) nanoparticles on early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a total of 120 rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: Sham operation group (n = 40), SAH group (n = 40), and SAH + PFOB group (n = 40). Endovascular perforation was performed to induce subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain water content was measured 24 h after surgery. Meanwhile, morphological changes in the rat hippocampal CA1 region were examined using light and transmission electron microscopy. The rate of neuronal apoptosis in rat hippocampal CA1 region was determined using TUNEL assay. Protein and mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were measured using western blot and RT-PCR assays 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery. Compared to the SAH group, the SAH + PFOB group had significantly lower brain water content (P<0.01), with alleviated morphological abnormalities in HE-stained neurons and significantly decreased neurons with karyopyknosis and hyperchromatism in the hippocampal CA1 region. Electron microscopy revealed reduction of neuronal apoptosis, alleviation of glial cell swelling, and mitigation of perivascular edema in the hippocampal region. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of apoptosis-related factors Caspase-3 and Bax was significantly reduced, while that of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 was significantly increased. TUNEL staining showed that neuronal apoptosis was significantly reduced in the hippocampal CA1 region (P<0.01). RT-PCR and Western-blot data indicated that expressions of Caspase-3 and Bax were both significantly reduced, while bcl-2 expression was increased significantly at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after SAH (P<0.01). Together, our data support that PFOB nanoparticles with high oxygen content could counteract ischemia and hypoxia, block neuronal apoptotic pathways, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and therefore, achieve neuroprotective effects in EBI following SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Meng-Fei Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ji Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
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16
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Dodecafluoropentane emulsion elicits cardiac protection against myocardial infarction through an ATP-Sensitive K+ channel dependent mechanism. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 28:541-7. [PMID: 25319313 PMCID: PMC4260113 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe) is a perfluorocarbon with high oxygen dissolving, transport, and delivery capacity that may offer the potential to limit ischemic injury prior to clinical reperfusion. Here we investigated the cardiac protective potential of DDFPe in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Methods Myocardial infarction was initiated by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Mice were administered vehicle or 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) intravenously 10 min before LAD occlusion followed by a single intravenous administration of vehicle or DDFPe immediately after occlusion. Heart tissue and serum samples were collected 24 after LAD occlusion for measurement of infarct size and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels, respectively. Results DDFPe treatment reduced infarct size by approximately 72 % (36.9 ± 4.2 % for vehicle vs 10.4 ± 2.3 % for DDFPe; p < 0.01; n = 6–8) at 24 h. Serum cTnI levels were similarly reduced by DDFPe (35.0 ± 4.6 ng/ml for vehicle vs 15.8 ± 1.6 ng/ml for DDFPe; p < 0.01; n = 6–8). Pretreatment with 5-HD, a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) inhibitor, blocked the reduction in infarct size (29.2 ± 4.4 % for 5-HD vs 35.4 ± 7.4 % for 5-HD+DDFPe; p = 0.48; n = 6–8) and serum cTnI levels (27.4 ± 5.1 ng/ml for 5-HD vs 34.6 ± 5.3 ng/ml for 5-HD+DDFPe; p = 0.86; n = 6–8) by DDFPe. Conclusion Our data indicate a cardiac protective role of DDFPe that persists beyond its retention time in the body and is dependent on mitoKATP, an important mediator of ischemic preconditioning induced cardiac protection.
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17
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Culp WC, Brown AT, Lowery JD, Arthur MC, Roberson PK, Skinner RD. Dodecafluoropentane Emulsion Extends Window for tPA Therapy in a Rabbit Stroke Model. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:979-84. [PMID: 26055229 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe) nanodroplets are exceptional oxygen transporters and can protect ischemic brain in stroke models 24 h without reperfusion. Current stroke therapy usually fails to reach patients because of delays following stroke onset. We tested using DDFPe to extend the time window for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Longer treatment windows will allow more patients more complete stroke recovery. We test DDFPe to safely extend the time window for tPA thrombolysis to 9 h after stroke. With IACUC approval, randomized New Zealand white rabbits (3.4-4.7 kg, n = 30) received angiography and 4-mm blood clot in the internal carotid artery for flow-directed middle cerebral artery occlusion. Seven failed and were discarded. Groups were IV tPA (n = 11), DDFPe + tPA (n = 7), and no therapy controls (n = 5). DDFPe (0.3 ml/kg, 2 % emulsion) IV dosing began at 1 h and continued at 90 min intervals for 6 doses in one test group; the other received saline injections. Both got standard IV tPA (0.9 mg/kg) therapy starting 9 h post stroke. At 24 h, neurological assessment scores (NAS, 0-18) were determined. Following brain removal percent stroke volume (%SV) was measured. Outcomes were compared with Kruskal-Wallis analysis. For NAS, DDFPe + tPA was improved overall, p = 0.0015, and vs. tPA alone, p = 0.0052. For %SV, DDFPe + tPA was improved overall, p = 0.0003 and vs. tPA alone, p = 0.0018. NAS controls and tPA alone were not different but %SV was, p = 0.0078. With delayed reperfusion, DDFPe + tPA was more effective than tPA alone in preserving functioning brain after stroke. DDFPe significantly extends the time window for tPA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Culp
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA,
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18
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Dodecafluoropentane emulsion delays and reduces MRI markers of infarction in a rat stroke model: a preliminary report. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 33:236-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Brown AT, Arthur MC, Nix JS, Montgomery JA, Skinner RD, Roberson PK, Borrelli M, Culp WC. Dodecafluoropentane Emulsion (DDFPe) Decreases Stroke Size and Improves Neurological Scores in a Permanent Occlusion Rat Stroke Model. Open Neurol J 2014; 8:27-33. [PMID: 25674164 PMCID: PMC4321204 DOI: 10.2174/1874205x01408010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe), given IV one hour after stroke, has been shown to greatly reduce the percent stroke volume (%SV) in rabbits. With repeated doses its effect continued for 24 hours. Purpose: Test DDFPe as neuroprotective agent in permanent occlusion rat stroke models in Sprague Dawley (SD) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) measuring both %SV and neurological assessment scores (NAS). Methods:
The male rats received either saline (control), or one or four doses (1x or 4x) of DDFPe (0.6ml/kg IV) one hour post stroke. Treatment groups were SD (n=26) (control, 1x and 4x; n=12, 7 and 7) and SHR (n=14) (control, 1x and 4x; n=7, 3 and 4). The 4x doses were given at 1.5 hour intervals. At six hours post stroke, the rats received a NAS using standard tests for balance, reflexes, and motor performance. Then rats were euthanized and brains removed for TTC evaluation of %SV. Results:
For %SV analysis strain differences were not significant therefore strains were combined. DDFPe significantly decreased %SV in 1x and 4xDDFPe groups compared to control groups (2.59±1.81 and 0.98±0.88 vs. 9.24±6.06, p≤0.001 each; p≤0.0001 for the overall test for treatment effect). The 1x versus 4xDDFPe groups were not significantly different (p=0.40). In NAS analysis both strains showed significant improvement with 4xDDFPe therapy vs. controls, (SD: 5.00+2.45 vs. 9.36+3.56, p=0.01; SHR: 7.75+4.43 vs. 12.14+3.08, p=0.05). Differences between the 1x DDFPe group and controls were not significant (SD: 8.43+3.69; SHR: 9. 33+3.51). Conclusion:
DDFPe treatment provides significant neuroprotection when assessed six hours post stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Brown
- Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
| | - M C Arthur
- Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
| | - J S Nix
- Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
| | - J A Montgomery
- Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
| | - R D Skinner
- Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
| | - P K Roberson
- Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
| | - Michael Borrelli
- Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
| | - W C Culp
- Department of Radiology, UAMS, 4300 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
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Unger E, Porter T, Lindner J, Grayburn P. Cardiovascular drug delivery with ultrasound and microbubbles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 72:110-26. [PMID: 24524934 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles lower the threshold for cavitation of ultrasound and have multiple potential therapeutic applications in the cardiovascular system. One of the first therapeutic applications to enter into clinical trials has been microbubble-enhanced sonothrombolysis. Trials were conducted in acute ischemic stroke and clinical trials are currently underway for sonothrombolysis in treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Microbubbles can be targeted to epitopes expressed on endothelial cells and thrombi by incorporating targeting ligands onto the surface of the microbubbles. Targeted microbubbles have applications as molecular imaging contrast agents and also for drug and gene delivery. A number of groups have shown that ultrasound with microbubbles can be used for gene delivery yielding robust gene expression in the target tissue. Work has progressed to primate studies showing delivery of therapeutic genes to generate islet cells in the pancreas to potentially cure diabetes. Microbubbles also hold potential as oxygen therapeutics and have shown promising results as a neuroprotectant in an ischemic stroke model. Regulatory considerations impact the successful clinical development of therapeutic applications of microbubbles with ultrasound. This paper briefly reviews the field and suggests avenues for further development.
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