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Nakadate K, Sono C, Mita H, Itakura Y, Kawakami K. Severe Acute Liver Dysfunction Induces Delayed Hepatocyte Swelling and Cytoplasmic Vacuolization, and Delayed Cortical Neuronal Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087351. [PMID: 37108515 PMCID: PMC10139143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver dysfunction is the main cause of hepatic encephalopathy. However, histopathological changes in the brain associated with hepatic encephalopathy remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated pathological changes in the liver and brain using an acute hepatic encephalopathy mouse model. After administering ammonium acetate, a transient increase in the blood ammonia level was observed, which returned to normal levels after 24 h. Consciousness and motor levels also returned to normal. It was revealed that hepatocyte swelling, and cytoplasmic vacuolization progressed over time in the liver tissue. Blood biochemistry also suggested hepatocyte dysfunction. In the brain, histopathological changes, such as perivascular astrocyte swelling, were observed 3 h after ammonium acetate administration. Abnormalities in neuronal organelles, especially mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, were also observed. Additionally, neuronal cell death was observed 24 h post-ammonia treatment when blood ammonia levels had returned to normal. Activation of reactive microglia and increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also observed seven days after a transient increase in blood ammonia. These results suggest that delayed neuronal atrophy could be iNOS-mediated cell death due to activation of reactive microglia. The findings also suggest that severe acute hepatic encephalopathy causes continued delayed brain cytotoxicity even after consciousness recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Nakadate
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sono
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Homura Mita
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Itakura
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoharu Kawakami
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Li Y, Kim S, Lee S, Kim S. Metabolic effects of diclofenac on the aquatic food chain - 1 H-NMR study of water flea-zebrafish system. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:307-315. [PMID: 37008688 PMCID: PMC10050267 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the environment, aquatic organisms are not only directly exposed to pollutants, but the effects can be exacerbated along the food chain. In this study, we investigated the effect of the food (water flea) on the secondary consumer (zebrafish) with the exposure diclofenac (DCF) Both organisms were exposed to an environmentally relevant concentrations (15 µg/L) of diclofenac for five days, and zebrafish were fed exposed and non-exposed water fleas, respectively. Metabolites of the water fleas were directly analyzed using HRMAS NMR, and for zebrafish, polar metabolite were extracted and analyzed using liquid NMR. Metabolic profiling was performed and statistically significant metabolites which affected by DCF exposure were identified. There were more than 20 metabolites with variable importance (VIP) score greater than 1.0 in comparisons in fish groups, and identified metabolites differed depending on the effect of exposure and the effect of food. Specifically, exposure to DCF significantly increased alanine and decreased NAD + in zebrafish, which means energy demand was increased. Additionally, the effects of exposed food decreased in guanosine, a neuroprotective metabolite, which explained that the neurometabolic pathway was perturbated by the feeding of exposed food. Our results which short-term exposed primary consumers to pollutants indirectly affected the metabolism of secondary consumers suggest that the long-term exposure further study remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63, Geumjeong-gu, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghye Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63, Geumjeong-gu, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63, Geumjeong-gu, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63, Geumjeong-gu, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zuccarini M, Pruccoli L, Balducci M, Giuliani P, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. Influence of Guanine-Based Purines on the Oxidoreductive Reactions Involved in Normal or Altered Brain Functions. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031172. [PMID: 36769818 PMCID: PMC9917437 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain is homeostatically controlled and contributes to normal neural functions. Inefficiency of control mechanisms in brain aging or pathological conditions leads to ROS overproduction with oxidative neural cell damage and degeneration. Among the compounds showing therapeutic potential against neuro-dysfunctions induced by oxidative stress are the guanine-based purines (GBPs), of which the most characterized are the nucleoside guanosine (GUO) and the nucleobase guanine (GUA), which act differently. Indeed, the administration of GUO to in vitro or in vivo models of acute brain injury (ischemia/hypoxia or trauma) or chronic neurological/neurodegenerative disorders, exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, decreasing the production of reactive radicals and improving mitochondrial function via multiple molecular signals. However, GUO administration to rodents also causes an amnesic effect. In contrast, the metabolite, GUA, could be effective in memory-related disorders by transiently increasing ROS production and stimulating the nitric oxide/soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP/protein kinase G cascade, which has long been recognized as beneficial for cognitive function. Thus, it is worth pursuing further studies to ascertain the therapeutic role of GUO and GUA and to evaluate the pathological brain conditions in which these compounds could be more usefully used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Letizia Pruccoli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Martina Balducci
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
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4
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Müller GC, Loureiro SO, Pettenuzzo LF, Almeida RF, Ynumaru EY, Guazzelli PA, Meyer FS, Pasquetti MV, Ganzella M, Calcagnotto ME, Souza DO. Effects of intranasal guanosine administration on brain function in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:255-271. [PMID: 33834349 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and only few affected patients are able to receive treatment, especially in developing countries. Detailed pathophysiology of brain ischemia has been extensively studied in order to discover new treatments with a broad therapeutic window and that are accessible to patients worldwide. The nucleoside guanosine (Guo) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in animal models of brain diseases, including ischemic stroke. In a rat model of focal permanent ischemia, systemic administration of Guo was effective only when administered immediately after stroke induction. In contrast, intranasal administration of Guo (In-Guo) was effective even when the first administration was 3 h after stroke induction. In order to validate the neuroprotective effect in this larger time window and to investigate In-Guo neuroprotection under global brain dysfunction induced by ischemia, we used the model of thermocoagulation of pial vessels in Wistar rats. In our study, we have found that In-Guo administered 3 h after stroke was capable of preventing ischemia-induced dysfunction, such as bilateral suppression and synchronicity of brain oscillations and ipsilateral cell death signaling, and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, In-Guo had a long-lasting effect on preventing ischemia-induced motor impairment. Our data reinforce In-Guo administration as a potential new treatment for brain ischemia with a more suitable therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C Müller
- Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Samanta O Loureiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia F Pettenuzzo
- Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto F Almeida
- Biological Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Evandro Y Ynumaru
- Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro A Guazzelli
- Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabíola S Meyer
- Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayara V Pasquetti
- Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Pla sticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ganzella
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Elisa Calcagnotto
- Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Pla sticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, UFRGS, R. Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo 21111, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, UFRGS, R. Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo 21111, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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5
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Nonose Y, Pieper LZ, da Silva JS, Longoni A, Apel RV, Meira-Martins LA, Grings M, Leipnitz G, Souza DO, de Assis AM. Guanosine enhances glutamate uptake and oxidation, preventing oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal slices submitted to high glutamate levels. Brain Res 2020; 1748:147080. [PMID: 32866546 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is the main mammalian brain neurotransmitter. Concerning the glutamatergic neurotransmission, excessive levels of glutamate in the synaptic cleft are extremally harmful. This phenomenon, named as excitotoxicity is involved in various acute and chronic brain diseases. Guanosine (GUO), an endogenous guanine nucleoside, possesses neuroprotective effects in several experimental models of glutamatergic excitotoxicity, an effect accompanied by an increase in astrocytic glutamate uptake. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of an additional putative parameter, glutamate oxidation to CO2, involved in ex-vivo GUO neuroprotective effects in mouse hippocampal slices submitted to glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Mice were sacrificed by decapitation, the hippocampi were removed and sliced. The slices were incubated for various times and concentrations of Glu and GUO. First, the concentration of Glu that produced an increase in L-[14C(U)]-Glu oxidation to CO2 without cell injury was determined at different time points (between 0 and 90 min); 1000 μM Glu increased Glu oxidation between 30 and 60 min of incubation without cell injury. Under these conditions (Glu concentration and incubation time), 100 μM GUO increased Glu oxidation (35%). Additionally, 100 μM GUO increased L-[3,4-3H]-glutamate uptake (45%) in slices incubated with 1000 μM Glu (0-30 min). Furthermore, 1000 μM Glu increased reactive species levels, SOD activity, and decreased GPx activity, and GSH content after 30 and 60 min; 100 μM GUO prevented these effects. This is the first study demonstrating that GUO simultaneously promoted an increase in the uptake and utilization of Glu in excitotoxicity-like conditions preventing redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nonose
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - L Z Pieper
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, RS 96015-560, Brazil
| | - J S da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - A Longoni
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, RS 96015-560, Brazil
| | - R V Apel
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - L A Meira-Martins
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - M Grings
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - G Leipnitz
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - D O Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - A M de Assis
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Center of Health Science, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Pelotas, RS 96015-560, Brazil
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6
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Guanosine Neuroprotection of Presynaptic Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis in a Mouse Study with Amyloid-β Oligomers. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4790-4809. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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7
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Guazzelli PA, Cittolin-Santos GF, Meira-Martins LA, Grings M, Nonose Y, Lazzarotto GS, Nogara D, da Silva JS, Fontella FU, Wajner M, Leipnitz G, Souza DO, de Assis AM. Acute Liver Failure Induces Glial Reactivity, Oxidative Stress and Impairs Brain Energy Metabolism in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 12:327. [PMID: 31998076 PMCID: PMC6968792 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) implies a severe and rapid liver dysfunction that leads to impaired liver metabolism and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Recent studies have suggested that several brain alterations such as astrocytic dysfunction and energy metabolism impairment may synergistically interact, playing a role in the development of HE. The purpose of the present study is to investigate early alterations in redox status, energy metabolism and astrocytic reactivity of rats submitted to ALF. Adult male Wistar rats were submitted either to subtotal hepatectomy (92% of liver mass) or sham operation to induce ALF. Twenty-four hours after the surgery, animals with ALF presented higher plasmatic levels of ammonia, lactate, ALT and AST and lower levels of glucose than the animals in the sham group. Animals with ALF presented several astrocytic morphological alterations indicating astrocytic reactivity. The ALF group also presented higher mitochondrial oxygen consumption, higher enzymatic activity and higher ATP levels in the brain (frontoparietal cortex). Moreover, ALF induced an increase in glutamate oxidation concomitant with a decrease in glucose and lactate oxidation. The increase in brain energy metabolism caused by astrocytic reactivity resulted in augmented levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) and a decreased activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). These findings suggest that in the early stages of ALF the brain presents a hypermetabolic state, oxidative stress and astrocytic reactivity, which could be in part sustained by an increase in mitochondrial oxidation of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Arend Guazzelli
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giordano Fabricio Cittolin-Santos
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leo Anderson Meira-Martins
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grings
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Yasmine Nonose
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S Lazzarotto
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela Nogara
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jussemara S da Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda U Fontella
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriano Martimbianco de Assis
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Health Sciences Centre, Universidade Católica de Pelotas-UCPel, Pelotas, Brazil
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8
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Cittolin-Santos G, Guazzelli P, Nonose Y, Almeida R, Fontella F, Pasquetti M, Ferreira-Lima F, Lazzaroto G, Berlezi R, Osvaldt A, Calcagnotto M, de Assis A, Souza D. Behavioral, Neurochemical and Brain Oscillation Abnormalities in an Experimental Model of Acute Liver Failure. Neuroscience 2019; 401:117-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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9
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Camargo A, Rodrigues ALS. Novel Targets for Fast Antidepressant Responses: Possible Role of Endogenous Neuromodulators. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2019; 3:2470547019858083. [PMID: 32440595 PMCID: PMC7219953 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019858083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The available medications for the treatment of major depressive disorder have limitations, particularly their limited efficacy, delayed therapeutic effects, and the side effects associated with treatment. These issues highlight the need for better therapeutic agents that provide more efficacious and faster effects for the management of this disorder. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, is the prototype for novel glutamate-based antidepressants that has been shown to cause a rapid and sustained antidepressant effect even in severe refractory depressive patients. Considering the importance of these findings, several studies have been conducted to elucidate the molecular targets for ketamine's effect. In addition, efforts are under way to characterize ketamine-like drugs. This review focuses particularly on evidence that endogenous glutamatergic neuromodulators may be able to modulate mood and to elicit fast antidepressant responses. Among these molecules, agmatine and creatine stand out as those with more published evidence of similarities with ketamine, but guanosine and ascorbic acid have also provided promising results. The possibility that these neuromodulators and ketamine have common neurobiological mechanisms, mainly the ability to activate mechanistic target of rapamycin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling, and synthesis of synaptic proteins in the prefrontal cortex and/or hippocampus is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Camargo
- Neuroscience Postgraduate Program,
Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,
Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S. Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of
Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis,
Brazil
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10
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Chen X, Wu H, Chen H, Wang Q, Xie XJ, Shen J. Astragaloside VI Promotes Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Enhances Neurological Function Recovery in Transient Cerebral Ischemic Injury via Activating EGFR/MAPK Signaling Cascades. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3053-3067. [PMID: 30088176 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radix Astragali (AR) is a commonly used medicinal herb for post-stroke disability in Traditional Chinese Medicine but its active compounds for promoting neurogenic effects are largely unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Astragaloside VI could be a promising active compound from AR for adult neurogenesis and brain repair via targeting epidermal growth factor (EGF)-mediated MAPK signaling pathway in post-stroke treatment. By using cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) and experimental stroke rat model, we investigated the effects of Astragaloside VI on inducing NSCs proliferation and self-renewal in vitro, and enhancing neurogenesis for the recovery of the neurological functions in post-ischemic brains in vivo. For animal experiments, rats were undergone 1.5 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) plus 7 days reperfusion. Astragaloside VI (2 μg/kg) was daily administrated by intravenous injection (i.v.) for 7 days. Astragaloside VI treatment promoted neurogenesis and astrogenic formation in dentate gyrus zone, subventricular zone, and cortex of the transient ischemic rat brains in vivo. Astragaloside VI treatment enhanced NSCs self-renewal and proliferation in the cultured NSCs in vitro without affecting NSCs differentiation. Western blot analysis showed that Astragaloside VI up-regulated the expression of nestin, p-EGFR and p-MAPK, and increased neurosphere sizes, whose effects were abolished by the co-treatment of EGF receptor inhibitor gefitinib and ERK inhibitor PD98059. Behavior tests revealed that Astragaloside VI promoted the spatial learning and memory and improved the impaired motor function in transient cerebral ischemic rats. Taken together, Astragaloside VI could effectively activate EGFR/MAPK signaling cascades, promote NSCs proliferation and neurogenesis in transient cerebral ischemic brains, and improve the repair of neurological functions in post-ischemic stroke rats. Astragaloside VI could be a new therapeutic drug candidate for post-stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Core Facility, The People's Hospital of Bao-an, Shenzhen, China.,The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Affiliated Bao-an Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- Department of Core Facility, The People's Hospital of Bao-an, Shenzhen, China. .,School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Teixeira LV, Almeida RF, Rohden F, Martins LAM, Spritzer PM, de Souza DOG. Neuroprotective Effects of Guanosine Administration on In Vivo Cortical Focal Ischemia in Female and Male Wistar Rats. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1476-1489. [PMID: 29855847 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Guanosine (GUO) has neuroprotective effects in experimental models of brain diseases involving glutamatergic excitotoxicity in male animals; however, its effects in female animals are poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the influence of gender and GUO treatment in adult male and female Wistar rats submitted to focal permanent cerebral ischemia in the motor cortex brain. Female rats were subdivided into non-estrogenic and estrogenic phase groups by estrous cycle verification. Immediately after surgeries, the ischemic animals were treated with GUO or a saline solution. Open field and elevated plus maze tasks were conducted with ischemic and naïve animals. Cylinder task, immunohistochemistry and infarct volume analyses were conducted only with ischemic animals. Female GUO groups achieved a full recovery of the forelimb symmetry at 28-35 days after the insult, while male GUO groups only partially recovered at 42 days, in the final evaluation. The ischemic insult affected long-term memory habituation to novelty only in female groups. Anxiety-like behavior, astrocyte morphology and infarct volume were not affected. Regardless the estrous cycle, the ischemic injury affected differently female and male animals. Thus, this study points that GUO is a potential neuroprotective compound in experimental stroke and that more studies, considering the estrous cycle, with both genders are recommended in future investigation concerning brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciele Varaschini Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Farina Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francieli Rohden
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leo Anderson Meira Martins
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Gomes de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Gerbatin RDR, Cassol G, Dobrachinski F, Ferreira APO, Quines CB, Pace IDD, Busanello GL, Gutierres JM, Nogueira CW, Oliveira MS, Soares FA, Morsch VM, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Guanosine Protects Against Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Functional Impairments and Neuronal Loss by Modulating Excitotoxicity, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Inflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7585-7596. [PMID: 27830534 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common types of brain injuries that cause death or persistent neurological disturbances in survivors. Most of the promising experimental drugs were not effective in clinical trials; therefore, the development of TBI drugs represents a huge unmet need. Guanosine, an endogenous neuroprotective nucleoside, has not been evaluated in TBI to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of guanosine on TBI-induced neurological damage. Our findings showed that a single dose of guanosine (7.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected 40 min after fluid percussion injury (FPI) in rats protected against locomotor and exploratory impairments 8 h after injury. The treatment also protected against neurochemical damage to the ipsilateral cortex, glutamate uptake, Na+/K+-ATPase, glutamine synthetase activity, and alterations in mitochondrial function. The inflammatory response and brain edema were also reduced by this nucleoside. In addition, guanosine protected against neuronal death and caspase 3 activation. Therefore, this study suggests that guanosine plays a neuroprotective role in TBI and can be exploited as a new pharmacological strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério da Rosa Gerbatin
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Cassol
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dobrachinski
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula O Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline B Quines
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Iuri D Della Pace
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Busanello
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessié M Gutierres
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro S Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Psicofarmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Félix A Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele R Fighera
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando F Royes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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