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Bodgi L, Bou-Gharios J, Azzi J, Challita R, Feghaly C, Baalbaki K, Kharroubi H, Chhade F, Geara F, Abou-Kheir W, Ayoub Z. Effect of bisphosphonates and statins on the in vitro radiosensitivity of breast cancer cell lines. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:171-184. [PMID: 38151641 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-stage breast cancer is usually treated with breast-conserving surgery followed by adjuvant radiation therapy. Acute skin toxicity is a common radiation-induced side effect experienced by many patients. Recently, a combination of bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid) and statins (pravastatin), or ZOPRA, was shown to radio-protect normal tissues by enhancing DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair mechanism. However, there are no studies assessing the effect of ZOPRA on cancerous cells. The purpose of this study is to characterize the in vitro effect of the zoledronic acid (ZO), pravastatin (PRA), and ZOPRA treatment on the molecular and cellular radiosensitivity of breast cancer cell lines. MATERIALS Two breast cancer cell lines, MDA MB 231 and MCF-7, were tested. Cells were treated with different concentrations of pravastatin (PRA), zoledronate (ZO), as well as their ZOPRA combination, before irradiation. Anti-γH2AX and anti-pATM immunofluorescence were performed to study DNA DSB repair kinetics. MTT assay was performed to assess cell proliferation and viability, and flow cytometry was performed to analyze the effect of the drugs on the cell cycle distribution. The clonogenic assay was used to assess cell survival. RESULTS ZO, PRA, and ZOPRA treatments were shown to increase the residual number of γH2AX foci for both cell lines. ZOPRA treatment was also shown to reduce the activity of the ATM kinase in MCF-7. ZOPRA induced a significant decrease in cell survival for both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that pretreatment with ZOPRA can decrease the radioresistance of breast cancer cells at the molecular and cellular levels. The fact that ZOPRA was previously shown to radioprotect normal tissues, makes it a good candidate to become a therapeutic window-widening drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Bodgi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jolie Bou-Gharios
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joyce Azzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rafka Challita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Feghaly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khanom Baalbaki
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Kharroubi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatima Chhade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fady Geara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Zeina Ayoub
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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El Nachef L, Al-Choboq J, Bourguignon M, Foray N. Response of Fibroblasts from Menkes' and Wilson's Copper Metabolism-Related Disorders to Ionizing Radiation: Influence of the Nucleo-Shuttling of the ATM Protein Kinase. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1746. [PMID: 38136617 PMCID: PMC10741441 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Menkes' disease (MD) and Wilson's disease (WD) are two major copper (Cu) metabolism-related disorders caused by mutations of the ATP7A and ATP7B ATPase gene, respectively. While Cu is involved in DNA strand breaks signaling and repair, the response of cells from both diseases to ionizing radiation, a common DNA strand breaks inducer, has not been investigated yet. To this aim, three MD and two WD skin fibroblasts lines were irradiated at two Gy X-rays and clonogenic cell survival, micronuclei, anti-γH2AX, -pATM, and -MRE11 immunofluorescence assays were applied to evaluate the DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) recognition and repair. MD and WD cells appeared moderately radiosensitive with a delay in the radiation-induced ATM nucleo-shuttling (RIANS) associated with impairments in the DSB recognition. Such delayed RIANS was notably caused in both MD and WD cells by a highly expressed ATP7B protein that forms complexes with ATM monomers in cytoplasm. Interestingly, a Cu pre-treatment of cells may influence the activity of the MRE11 nuclease and modulate the radiobiological phenotype. Lastly, some high-passage MD cells cultured in routine may transform spontaneously becoming immortalized. Altogether, our findings suggest that exposure to ionizing radiation may impact on clinical features of MD and WD, which requires cautiousness when affected patients are submitted to radiodiagnosis and, eventually, radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura El Nachef
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.N.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
| | - Joëlle Al-Choboq
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.N.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.N.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Université Paris Saclay Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.N.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
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Al-Choboq J, Mathis T, Restier-Verlet J, Sonzogni L, El Nachef L, Granzotto A, Bourguignon M, Foray N. The Radiobiological Characterization of Human and Porcine Lens Cells Suggests the Importance of the ATM Kinase in Radiation-Induced Cataractogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:2118. [PMID: 37626928 PMCID: PMC10453874 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies about radiation-induced human cataractogenesis are generally limited by (1) the poor number of epithelial lens cell lines available (likely because of the difficulties of cell sampling and amplification) and (2) the lack of reliable biomarkers of the radiation-induced aging process. We have developed a mechanistic model of the individual response to radiation based on the nucleoshuttling of the ATM protein (RIANS). Recently, in the frame of the RIANS model, we have shown that, to respond to permanent endo- and exogenous stress, the ATM protein progressively agglutinates around the nucleus attracted by overexpressed perinuclear ATM-substrate protein. As a result, perinuclear ATM crowns appear to be an interesting biomarker of aging. The radiobiological characterization of the two human epithelial lens cell lines available and the four porcine epithelial lens cell lines that we have established showed delayed RIANS. The BFSP2 protein, found specifically overexpressed around the lens cell nucleus and interacting with ATM, may be a specific ATM-substrate protein facilitating the formation of perinuclear ATM crowns in lens cells. The perinuclear ATM crowns were observed inasmuch as the number of culture passages is high. Interestingly, 2 Gy X-rays lead to the transient disappearance of the perinuclear ATM crowns. Altogether, our findings suggest a strong influence of the ATM protein in radiation-induced cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Al-Choboq
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.A.-C.); (J.R.-V.); (L.S.); (L.E.N.); (A.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Thibaud Mathis
- Ophtalmology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, General University Hospital of Croix-Rousse, 103 Grande Rue Croix Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France;
- MATEIS Laboratory, CNRS UMR5510, INSA, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Juliette Restier-Verlet
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.A.-C.); (J.R.-V.); (L.S.); (L.E.N.); (A.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.A.-C.); (J.R.-V.); (L.S.); (L.E.N.); (A.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura El Nachef
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.A.-C.); (J.R.-V.); (L.S.); (L.E.N.); (A.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.A.-C.); (J.R.-V.); (L.S.); (L.E.N.); (A.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.A.-C.); (J.R.-V.); (L.S.); (L.E.N.); (A.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Université Paris Saclay Versailles St Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.A.-C.); (J.R.-V.); (L.S.); (L.E.N.); (A.G.); (M.B.)
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Berthel E, Pujo-Menjouet L, Le Reun E, Sonzogni L, Al-Choboq J, Chekroun A, Granzotto A, Devic C, Ferlazzo ML, Pereira S, Bourguignon M, Foray N. Toward an Early Diagnosis for Alzheimer's Disease Based on the Perinuclear Localization of the ATM Protein. Cells 2023; 12:1747. [PMID: 37443782 PMCID: PMC10340316 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative dementia, for which the molecular origins, genetic predisposition and therapeutic approach are still debated. In the 1980s, cells from AD patients were reported to be sensitive to ionizing radiation. In order to examine the molecular basis of this radiosensitivity, the ATM-dependent DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) signaling and repair were investigated by applying an approach based on the radiation-induced ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) protein nucleoshuttling (RIANS) model. Early after irradiation, all ten AD fibroblast cell lines tested showed impaired DSB recognition and delayed RIANS. AD fibroblasts specifically showed spontaneous perinuclear localization of phosphorylated ATM (pATM) forms. To our knowledge, such observation has never been reported before, and by considering the role of the ATM kinase in the stress response, it may introduce a novel interpretation of accelerated aging. Our data and a mathematical approach through a brand-new model suggest that, in response to a progressive and cumulative stress, cytoplasmic ATM monomers phosphorylate the APOE protein (pAPOE) close to the nuclear membrane and aggregate around the nucleus, preventing their entry in the nucleus and thus the recognition and repair of spontaneous DSB, which contributes to the aging process. Our findings suggest that pATM and/or pAPOE may serve as biomarkers for an early reliable diagnosis of AD on any fibroblast sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Berthel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1296 Research Unit «Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment», Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.); (E.L.R.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (A.G.); (M.L.F.); (M.B.)
- NEOLYS Diagnostics, 7 Allée de l’Europe, 67960 Entzheim, France;
| | - Laurent Pujo-Menjouet
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5208, INRIA, Institut Camille-Jordan, 21 Avenue Claude Bernard, 69603 Villeurbanne, France; (L.P.-M.); (A.C.)
| | - Eymeric Le Reun
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1296 Research Unit «Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment», Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.); (E.L.R.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (A.G.); (M.L.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1296 Research Unit «Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment», Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.); (E.L.R.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (A.G.); (M.L.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Joëlle Al-Choboq
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1296 Research Unit «Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment», Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.); (E.L.R.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (A.G.); (M.L.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Abdennasser Chekroun
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5208, INRIA, Institut Camille-Jordan, 21 Avenue Claude Bernard, 69603 Villeurbanne, France; (L.P.-M.); (A.C.)
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1296 Research Unit «Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment», Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.); (E.L.R.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (A.G.); (M.L.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Clément Devic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1296 Research Unit «Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment», Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.); (E.L.R.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (A.G.); (M.L.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Mélanie L. Ferlazzo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1296 Research Unit «Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment», Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.); (E.L.R.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (A.G.); (M.L.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Sandrine Pereira
- NEOLYS Diagnostics, 7 Allée de l’Europe, 67960 Entzheim, France;
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1296 Research Unit «Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment», Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.); (E.L.R.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (A.G.); (M.L.F.); (M.B.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1296 Research Unit «Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment», Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.); (E.L.R.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (A.G.); (M.L.F.); (M.B.)
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Molecular Influence of the ATM Protein in the Treatment of Human Cells with Different Radioprotective Drugs: Comparisons between Antioxidative and Pro-Episkevic Strategies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030524. [PMID: 36979459 PMCID: PMC10046588 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The radiation protection strategy with chemical agents has long been based on an antioxidative approach consisting in reducing the number of radical oxygen and nitrogen species responsible for the formation of the radiation-induced (RI) DNA damage, notably the DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), whose subset participates in the RI lethal effect as unrepairable damage. Conversely, a DSB repair-stimulating strategy that may be called the “pro-episkevic” approach (from the ancient Greek episkeve, meaning repair) can be proposed. The pro-episkevic approach directly derives from a mechanistic model based on the RI nucleoshuttling of the ATM protein (RIANS) and contributes to increase the number of DSB managed by NHEJ, the most predominant DSB repair and signaling pathway in mammalians. Here, three radioresistant and three radiosensitive human fibroblast cell lines were pretreated with antioxidative agents (N-acetylcysteine or amifostine) or to two pro-episkevic agents (zoledronate or pravastatin or both (ZOPRA)) before X-ray irradiation. The fate of the RI DSB was analyzed by using γH2AX and pATM immunofluorescence. While amifostine pretreatment appeared to be the most efficient antioxidative process, ZOPRA shows the most powerful radiation protection, suggesting that the pro-episkevic strategy may be an alternative to the antioxidative one. Additional investigations are needed to develop some new drugs that may elicit both antioxidative and pro-episkevic properties and to quantify the radiation protection action of both types of drugs applied concomitantly.
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Low-Dose Radiation Therapy (LDRT) against Cancer and Inflammatory or Degenerative Diseases: Three Parallel Stories with a Common Molecular Mechanism Involving the Nucleoshuttling of the ATM Protein? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051482. [PMID: 36900274 PMCID: PMC10000719 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Very early after their discovery, X-rays were used in multiple medical applications, such as treatments against cancer, inflammation and pain. Because of technological constraints, such applications involved X-ray doses lower than 1 Gy per session. Progressively, notably in oncology, the dose per session increased. However, the approach of delivering less than 1 Gy per session, now called low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT), was preserved and is still applied in very specific cases. More recently, LDRT has also been applied in some trials to protect against lung inflammation after COVID-19 infection or to treat degenerative syndromes such as Alzheimer's disease. LDRT illustrates well the discontinuity of the dose-response curve and the counterintuitive observation that a low dose may produce a biological effect higher than a certain higher dose. Even if further investigations are needed to document and optimize LDRT, the apparent paradox of some radiobiological effects specific to low dose may be explained by the same mechanistic model based on the radiation-induced nucleoshuttling of the ATM kinase, a protein involved in various stress response pathways.
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7
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The Normal, the Radiosensitive, and the Ataxic in the Era of Precision Radiotherapy: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246252. [PMID: 36551737 PMCID: PMC9776433 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment. When delivering a tumoricidal dose, the risk of severe late toxicities is usually kept below 5% using dose-volume constraints. However, individual radiation sensitivity (iRS) is responsible (with other technical factors) for unexpected toxicities after exposure to a dose that induces no toxicity in the general population. Diagnosing iRS before radiotherapy could avoid unnecessary toxicities in patients with a grossly normal phenotype. Thus, we reviewed iRS diagnostic data and their impact on decision-making processes and the RT workflow; (2) Methods: following a description of radiation toxicities, we conducted a critical review of the current state of the knowledge on individual determinants of cellular/tissue radiation; (3) Results: tremendous advances in technology now allow minimally-invasive genomic, epigenetic and functional testing and a better understanding of iRS. Ongoing large translational studies implement various tests and enriched NTCP models designed to improve the prediction of toxicities. iRS testing could better support informed radiotherapy decisions for individuals with a normal phenotype who experience unusual toxicities. Ethics of medical decisions with an accurate prediction of personalized radiotherapy's risk/benefits and its health economics impact are at stake; (4) Conclusions: iRS testing represents a critical unmet need to design personalized radiotherapy protocols relying on extended NTCP models integrating iRS.
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El Nachef L, Berthel E, Ferlazzo ML, Le Reun E, Al-Choboq J, Restier-Verlet J, Granzotto A, Sonzogni L, Bourguignon M, Foray N. Cancer and Radiosensitivity Syndromes: Is Impaired Nuclear ATM Kinase Activity the Primum Movens? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246141. [PMID: 36551628 PMCID: PMC9776478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a number of genetic syndromes associated with both high cancer risk and clinical radiosensitivity. However, the link between these two notions remains unknown. Particularly, some cancer syndromes are caused by mutations in genes involved in DNA damage signaling and repair. How are the DNA sequence errors propagated and amplified to cause cell transformation? Conversely, some cancer syndromes are caused by mutations in genes involved in cell cycle checkpoint control. How is misrepaired DNA damage produced? Lastly, certain genes, considered as tumor suppressors, are not involved in DNA damage signaling and repair or in cell cycle checkpoint control. The mechanistic model based on radiation-induced nucleoshuttling of the ATM kinase (RIANS), a major actor of the response to ionizing radiation, may help in providing a unified explanation of the link between cancer proneness and radiosensitivity. In the frame of this model, a given protein may ensure its own specific function but may also play additional biological role(s) as an ATM phosphorylation substrate in cytoplasm. It appears that the mutated proteins that cause the major cancer and radiosensitivity syndromes are all ATM phosphorylation substrates, and they generally localize in the cytoplasm when mutated. The relevance of the RIANS model is discussed by considering different categories of the cancer syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura El Nachef
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Elise Berthel
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie L. Ferlazzo
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Eymeric Le Reun
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Joelle Al-Choboq
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Juliette Restier-Verlet
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Université Paris Saclay (UVSQ), 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-04-7878-2828
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Francis M, Ahmad A, Bodgi L, Azzam P, Youssef T, Abou Daher A, Eid AA, Fornoni A, Pollack A, Marples B, Zeidan YH. SMPDL3b
modulates radiation‐induced
DNA
damage response in renal podocytes. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22545. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100186rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Francis
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Anis Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology Miller School of Medicine/Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami Miami Florida USA
| | - Larry Bodgi
- Department of Radiation Oncology American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Patrick Azzam
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Tarek Youssef
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Alaa Abou Daher
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Assaad A. Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine University of Miami Miami Florida USA
| | - Alan Pollack
- Department of Radiation Oncology Miller School of Medicine/Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami Miami Florida USA
| | - Brian Marples
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Rochester Rochester New York USA
| | - Youssef H. Zeidan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
- Department of Radiation Oncology American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
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Quantitative Correlations between Radiosensitivity Biomarkers Show That the ATM Protein Kinase Is Strongly Involved in the Radiotoxicities Observed after Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810434. [PMID: 36142346 PMCID: PMC9498991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue overreactions (OR), whether called adverse effects, radiotoxicity, or radiosensitivity reactions, may occur during or after anti-cancer radiotherapy (RT). They represent a medical, economic, and societal issue and raise the question of individual response to radiation. To predict and prevent them are among the major tasks of radiobiologists. To this aim, radiobiologists have developed a number of predictive assays involving different cellular models and endpoints. To date, while no consensus has been reached to consider one assay as the best predictor of the OR occurrence and severity, radiation oncologists have proposed consensual scales to quantify OR in six different grades of severity, whatever the organ/tissue concerned and their early/late features. This is notably the case with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Few radiobiological studies have used the CTCAE scale as a clinical endpoint to evaluate the statistical robustness of the molecular and cellular predictive assays in the largest range of human radiosensitivity. Here, by using 200 untransformed skin fibroblast cell lines derived from RT-treated cancer patients eliciting OR in the six CTCAE grades range, correlations between CTCAE grades and the major molecular and cellular endpoints proposed to predict OR (namely, cell survival at 2 Gy (SF2), yields of micronuclei, recognized and unrepaired DSBs assessed by immunofluorescence with γH2AX and pATM markers) were examined. To our knowledge, this was the first time that the major radiosensitivity endpoints were compared together with the same cohort and irradiation conditions. Both SF2 and the maximal number of pATM foci reached after 2 Gy appear to be the best predictors of the OR, whatever the CTCAE grades range. All these major radiosensitivity endpoints are mathematically linked in a single mechanistic model of individual response to radiation in which the ATM kinase plays a major role.
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Al-Choboq J, Ferlazzo ML, Sonzogni L, Granzotto A, El-Nachef L, Maalouf M, Berthel E, Foray N. Usher Syndrome Belongs to the Genetic Diseases Associated with Radiosensitivity: Influence of the ATM Protein Kinase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031570. [PMID: 35163494 PMCID: PMC8836140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the combination of hearing loss, visual impairment due to retinitis pigmentosa, and in some cases vestibular dysfunctions. Studies published in the 1980s reported that USH is associated with cellular radiosensitivity. However, the molecular basis of this particular phenotype has not yet been documented. The aim of this study was therefore to document the radiosensitivity of USH1—a subset of USH—by examining the radiation-induced nucleo-shuttling of ATM (RIANS), as well as the functionality of the repair and signaling pathways of the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in three skin fibroblasts derived from USH1 patients. The clonogenic cell survival, the micronuclei, the nuclear foci formed by the phosphorylated forms of the X variant of the H2A histone (ɣH2AX), the phosphorylated forms of the ATM protein (pATM), and the meiotic recombination 11 nuclease (MRE11) were used as cellular and molecular endpoints. The interaction between the ATM and USH1 proteins was also examined by proximity ligation assay. The results showed that USH1 fibroblasts were associated with moderate but significant radiosensitivity, high yield of micronuclei, and impaired DSB recognition but normal DSB repair, likely caused by a delayed RIANS, suggesting a possible sequestration of ATM by some USH1 proteins overexpressed in the cytoplasm. To our knowledge, this report is the first radiobiological characterization of cells from USH1 patients at both molecular and cellular scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Al-Choboq
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.A.-C.); (M.L.F.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (L.E.-N.); (E.B.)
| | - Mélanie L. Ferlazzo
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.A.-C.); (M.L.F.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (L.E.-N.); (E.B.)
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.A.-C.); (M.L.F.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (L.E.-N.); (E.B.)
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.A.-C.); (M.L.F.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (L.E.-N.); (E.B.)
| | - Laura El-Nachef
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.A.-C.); (M.L.F.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (L.E.-N.); (E.B.)
| | - Mira Maalouf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar 1202, Lebanon;
| | - Elise Berthel
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.A.-C.); (M.L.F.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (L.E.-N.); (E.B.)
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.A.-C.); (M.L.F.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (L.E.-N.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-78-78-28-28
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Combemale P, Sonzogni L, Devic C, Bencokova Z, Ferlazzo ML, Granzotto A, Burlet SF, Pinson S, Amini-Adle M, Al-Choboq J, Bodgi L, Bourguignon M, Balosso J, Bachelet JT, Foray N. Individual Response to Radiation of Individuals with Neurofibromatosis Type I: Role of the ATM Protein and Influence of Statins and Bisphosphonates. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:556-573. [PMID: 34727321 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a disease characterized by high occurrence of benign and malignant brain tumours and caused by mutations of the neurofibromin protein. While there is an increasing evidence that NF1 is associated with radiosensitivity and radiosusceptibility, few studies have dealt with the molecular and cellular radiation response of cells from individuals with NF1. Here, we examined the ATM-dependent signalling and repair pathways of the DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), the key-damage induced by ionizing radiation, in skin fibroblast cell lines from 43 individuals with NF1. Ten minutes after X-rays irradiation, quiescent NF1 fibroblasts showed abnormally low rate of recognized DSB reflected by a low yield of nuclear foci formed by phosphorylated H2AX histones. Irradiated NF1 fibroblasts also presented a delayed radiation-induced nucleoshuttling of the ATM kinase (RIANS), potentially due to a specific binding of ATM to the mutated neurofibromin in cytoplasm. Lastly, NF1 fibroblasts showed abnormally high MRE11 nuclease activity suggesting a high genomic instability after irradiation. A combination of bisphosphonates and statins complemented these impairments by accelerating the RIANS, increasing the yield of recognized DSB and reducing genomic instability. Data from NF1 fibroblasts exposed to radiation in radiotherapy and CT scan conditions confirmed that NF1 belongs to the group of syndromes associated with radiosensitivity and radiosusceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Combemale
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Clément Devic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Zuzana Bencokova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Lydia Ferlazzo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Steven Franck Burlet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Pinson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Mona Amini-Adle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Joëlle Al-Choboq
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Larry Bodgi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 78035, Versailles, France
| | - Jacques Balosso
- Service de Radiothérapie, CHU de Grenoble, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Thomas Bachelet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France.
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DNA Double-Strand Breaks Induced in Human Cells by Twelve Metallic Species: Quantitative Inter-Comparisons and Influence of the ATM Protein. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101462. [PMID: 34680095 PMCID: PMC8533583 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a considerable amount of data, the molecular and cellular bases of the toxicity due to metal exposure remain unknown. Recent mechanistic models from radiobiology have emerged, pointing out that the radiation-induced nucleo-shuttling of the ATM protein (RIANS) initiates the recognition and the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and the final response to genotoxic stress. In order to document the role of ATM-dependent DSB repair and signalling after metal exposure, we applied twelve different metal species representing nine elements (Al, Cu, Zn Ni, Pd, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Fe) to human skin, mammary, and brain cells. Our findings suggest that metals may directly or indirectly induce DSB at a rate that depends on the metal properties and concentration, and tissue type. At specific metal concentration ranges, the nucleo-shuttling of ATM can be delayed which impairs DSB recognition and repair and contributes to toxicity and carcinogenicity. Interestingly, as observed after low doses of ionizing radiation, some phenomena equivalent to the biological response observed at high metal concentrations may occur at lower concentrations. A general mechanistic model of the biological response to metal exposure based on the nucleo-shuttling of ATM is proposed to describe the metal-induced stress response and to define quantitative endpoints for toxicity and carcinogenicity.
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El-Nachef L, Al-Choboq J, Restier-Verlet J, Granzotto A, Berthel E, Sonzogni L, Ferlazzo ML, Bouchet A, Leblond P, Combemale P, Pinson S, Bourguignon M, Foray N. Human Radiosensitivity and Radiosusceptibility: What Are the Differences? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7158. [PMID: 34281212 PMCID: PMC8267933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The individual response to ionizing radiation (IR) raises a number of medical, scientific, and societal issues. While the term "radiosensitivity" was used by the pioneers at the beginning of the 20st century to describe only the radiation-induced adverse tissue reactions related to cell death, a confusion emerged in the literature from the 1930s, as "radiosensitivity" was indifferently used to describe the toxic, cancerous, or aging effect of IR. In parallel, the predisposition to radiation-induced adverse tissue reactions (radiosensitivity), notably observed after radiotherapy appears to be caused by different mechanisms than those linked to predisposition to radiation-induced cancer (radiosusceptibility). This review aims to document these differences in order to better estimate the different radiation-induced risks. It reveals that there are very few syndromes associated with the loss of biological functions involved directly in DNA damage recognition and repair as their role is absolutely necessary for cell viability. By contrast, some cytoplasmic proteins whose functions are independent of genome surveillance may also act as phosphorylation substrates of the ATM protein to regulate the molecular response to IR. The role of the ATM protein may help classify the genetic syndromes associated with radiosensitivity and/or radiosusceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura El-Nachef
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Joelle Al-Choboq
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Juliette Restier-Verlet
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Elise Berthel
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
- Neolys Diagnostics, 67960 Entzheim, France
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Mélanie L. Ferlazzo
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Audrey Bouchet
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Pierre Leblond
- Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Patrick Combemale
- Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Stéphane Pinson
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Quai des Célestins, 69002 Lyon, France;
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
- Université Paris Saclay Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
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Proof of Concept of a Binary Blood Assay for Predicting Radiosensitivity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102477. [PMID: 34069662 PMCID: PMC8160794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT), either alone or in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy is a keystone of cancers treatment. Early toxicity is common, sometimes leading to discontinuation of treatment. Recent studies stressed the role of the phosphorylated ATM (pATM) protein in RT-toxicity genesis and its ability in predicting individual radiosensitivity (IRS) in fibroblasts. Here we assessed the reliability of the pATM quantification in lymphocytes to predict IRS. A first retrospective study was performed on 150 blood lymphocytes of patients with several cancer types. Patients were divided into 2 groups, according to the grade of experienced toxicity. The global quantity of pATM molecules was assessed by ELISA on lymphocytes to determine the best threshold value. Then, the binary assay was assessed on a validation cohort of 36 patients with head and neck cancers. The quantity of pATM molecules in each sample of the training cohort was found in agreement with the observed Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grades with an AUC = 0.71 alone and of 0.77 combined to chemotherapy information. In the validation cohort, the same test was conducted with the following performances: sensitivity = 0.84, specificity = 0.54, AUC = 0.70 and 0.72 combined to chemotherapy. This study provides the basis of an easy to perform assay for clinical use.
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Bachelet JT, Granzotto A, Ferlazzo M, Sonzogni L, Berthel E, Devic C, Foray N. First radiobiological characterization of the McCune-Albright syndrome: influence of the ATM protein and effect of statins + bisphosphonates treatment. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:317-328. [PMID: 33320757 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1864045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MacCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare autosomal dominant osteo-hormonal disorder. MAS is characterized by a severe form of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, 'café-au-lait' pigmentation of the skin and multiple endocrinopathies. MAS was shown to be caused by mosaic missense somatic mutations in the GNAS gene coding for the alpha-subunit of the stimulatory G-protein. MAS is also associated with radiation-induced malignant tumors, like osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma and chondrosarcoma but their origin remains misunderstood. In parallel, bisphosphonates treatment was shown to improve the MAS patients' outcome, notably by increasing bone density but, again, the molecular mechanisms supporting these observations remain misunderstood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, by using fibroblast and osteoblast cell lines derived from 2 MAS patients, the major radiobiological features of MAS were investigated. Notably, the clonogenic cell survival, the micronuclei and the γH2AX, pATM and MRE11 immunofluorescence assays were applied to MAS cells. RESULTS It appears that cells from the 2 MAS patients are associated with a moderate but significant radiosensitivity, a delayed radiation-induced nucleoshuttling of the ATM kinase likely caused by its sequestration in cytoplasm, suggesting impaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair and signaling in both fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Such delay may be partially corrected by using bisphosphonates combined with statins, which renders cells more radioresistant. CONCLUSIONS Our findings represent the first radiobiological characterization of fibroblasts and osteoblasts providing from MAS patients. Although the number of studied cases is reduced, our findings suggest that the MAS cells tested belong to the group of syndromes associated with moderate but significant radiosensitivity. Further investigations are however required to secure the clinical transfer of the combination of bisphosphonates and statins, to reduce the disease progression and to better evaluate the potential risks linked to radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Thomas Bachelet
- Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Research Unit 'Radiations: Defense, Health, Environment', Centre Anti-Cancer Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Research Unit 'Radiations: Defense, Health, Environment', Centre Anti-Cancer Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Ferlazzo
- Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Research Unit 'Radiations: Defense, Health, Environment', Centre Anti-Cancer Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Research Unit 'Radiations: Defense, Health, Environment', Centre Anti-Cancer Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Elise Berthel
- Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Research Unit 'Radiations: Defense, Health, Environment', Centre Anti-Cancer Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Clément Devic
- Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Research Unit 'Radiations: Defense, Health, Environment', Centre Anti-Cancer Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Research Unit 'Radiations: Defense, Health, Environment', Centre Anti-Cancer Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
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Modulation of DNA Damage Response by Sphingolipid Signaling: An Interplay that Shapes Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124481. [PMID: 32599736 PMCID: PMC7349968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although once considered as structural components of eukaryotic biological membranes, research in the past few decades hints at a major role of bioactive sphingolipids in mediating an array of physiological processes including cell survival, proliferation, inflammation, senescence, and death. A large body of evidence points to a fundamental role for the sphingolipid metabolic pathway in modulating the DNA damage response (DDR). The interplay between these two elements of cell signaling determines cell fate when cells are exposed to metabolic stress or ionizing radiation among other genotoxic agents. In this review, we aim to dissect the mediators of the DDR and how these interact with the different sphingolipid metabolites to mount various cellular responses.
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Averbeck D, Candéias S, Chandna S, Foray N, Friedl AA, Haghdoost S, Jeggo PA, Lumniczky K, Paris F, Quintens R, Sabatier L. Establishing mechanisms affecting the individual response to ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:297-323. [PMID: 31852363 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1704908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Humans are increasingly exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Both low (<100 mGy) and high doses can cause stochastic effects, including cancer; whereas doses above 100 mGy are needed to promote tissue or cell damage. 10-15% of radiotherapy (RT) patients suffer adverse reactions, described as displaying radiosensitivity (RS). Sensitivity to IR's stochastic effects is termed radiosusceptibility (RSu). To optimize radiation protection we need to understand the range of individual variability and underlying mechanisms. We review the potential mechanisms contributing to RS/RSu focusing on RS following RT, the most tractable RS group.Conclusions: The IR-induced DNA damage response (DDR) has been well characterized. Patients with mutations in the DDR have been identified and display marked RS but they represent only a small percentage of the RT patients with adverse reactions. We review the impacting mechanisms and additional factors influencing RS/RSu. We discuss whether RS/RSu might be genetically determined. As a recommendation, we propose that a prospective study be established to assess RS following RT. The study should detail tumor site and encompass a well-defined grading system. Predictive assays should be independently validated. Detailed analysis of the inflammatory, stress and immune responses, mitochondrial function and life style factors should be included. Existing cohorts should also be optimally exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serge Candéias
- CEA, CNRS, LCMB, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sudhir Chandna
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Inserm UA8 Unit Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Lyon, France
| | - Anna A Friedl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Cimap-Laria, Advanced Resource Center for HADrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE,), University of Caen Normandy, France.,Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Bioscience, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Penelope A Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
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Ferlazzo M, Berthel E, Granzotto A, Devic C, Sonzogni L, Bachelet JT, Pereira S, Bourguignon M, Sarasin A, Mezzina M, Foray N. Some mutations in the xeroderma pigmentosum D gene may lead to moderate but significant radiosensitivity associated with a delayed radiation-induced ATM nuclear localization. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:394-410. [PMID: 31738647 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1694189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare, recessive genetic disease associated with photosensitivity, skin cancer proneness, neurological abnormalities and impaired nucleotide excision repair of the UV-induced DNA damage. Less frequently, XP can be associated with sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). Here, a complete radiobiological characterization was performed on a panel of fibroblasts derived from XP-group D patients (XPD).Materials and methods: Cellular radiosensitivity and the functionality of the recognition and repair of chromosome breaks and DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) was evaluated by different techniques including clonogenic cell survival, micronuclei, premature chromosome condensation, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, chromatin decondensation and immunofluorescence assays. Quantitative correlations between each endpoint were analyzed systematically.Results: Among the seven fibroblast cell lines tested, those derived from three non-relative patients holding the p.[Arg683Trp];[Arg616Pro] XPD mutations showed significant cellular radiosensitivity, high yield of residual micronuclei, incomplete DSB recognition, DSB and chromosome repair defects, impaired ATM, MRE11 relocalization, significant chromatin decondensation. Interestingly, XPD transduction and treatment with statins and bisphosphonates known to accelerate the radiation-induced ATM nucleoshuttling led to significant complementation of these impairments.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that some subsets of XPD patients may be at risk of radiosensitivity reactions and treatment with statins and bisphosphonates may be an interesting approach of radioprotection countermeasure. Different mechanistic models were discussed to better understand the potential specificity of the p.[Arg683Trp];[Arg616Pro] XPD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Ferlazzo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Elise Berthel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Clément Devic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France.,Fibermetrix, Entzheim, France
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Thomas Bachelet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Pereira
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Médecine Simone-Veil, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Alain Sarasin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Mauro Mezzina
- European Association for Scientific Career Orientation, Paray-Vieille-Poste, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
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What Does the History of Research on the Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Tell Us?-A Comprehensive Review of Human Radiosensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215339. [PMID: 31717816 PMCID: PMC6862552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular and cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR) has progressed considerably. This is notably the case for the repair and signaling of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) that, if unrepaired, can result in cell lethality, or if misrepaired, can cause cancer. However, through the different protocols, techniques, and cellular models used during the last four decades, the DSB repair kinetics and the relationship between cellular radiosensitivity and unrepaired DSB has varied drastically, moving from all-or-none phenomena to very complex mechanistic models. To date, personalized medicine has required a reliable evaluation of the IR-induced risks that have become a medical, scientific, and societal issue. However, the molecular bases of the individual response to IR are still unclear: there is a gap between the moderate radiosensitivity frequently observed in clinic but poorly investigated in the publications and the hyper-radiosensitivity of rare but well-characterized genetic diseases frequently cited in the mechanistic models. This paper makes a comprehensive review of semantic issues, correlations between cellular radiosensitivity and unrepaired DSB, shapes of DSB repair curves, and DSB repair biomarkers in order to propose a new vision of the individual response to IR that would be more coherent with clinical reality.
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Berthel E, Foray N, Ferlazzo ML. The Nucleoshuttling of the ATM Protein: A Unified Model to Describe the Individual Response to High- and Low-Dose of Radiation? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070905. [PMID: 31261657 PMCID: PMC6678722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of radiation-induced (RI) risks is of medical, scientific, and societal interest. However, despite considerable efforts, there is neither consensual mechanistic models nor predictive assays for describing the three major RI effects, namely radiosensitivity, radiosusceptibility, and radiodegeneration. Interestingly, the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein is a major stress response factor involved in the DNA repair and signaling that appears upstream most of pathways involved in the three precited RI effects. The rate of the RI ATM nucleoshuttling (RIANS) was shown to be a good predictor of radiosensitivity. In the frame of the RIANS model, irradiation triggers the monomerization of cytoplasmic ATM dimers, which allows ATM monomers to diffuse in nucleus. The nuclear ATM monomers phosphorylate the H2AX histones, which triggers the recognition of DNA double-strand breaks and their repair. The RIANS model has made it possible to define three subgroups of radiosensitivity and provided a relevant explanation for the radiosensitivity observed in syndromes caused by mutated cytoplasmic proteins. Interestingly, hyper-radiosensitivity to a low dose and adaptive response phenomena may be also explained by the RIANS model. In this review, the relevance of the RIANS model to describe several features of the individual response to radiation was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Berthel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8, Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8, Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Mélanie L Ferlazzo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8, Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
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Influence of Linear Energy Transfer on the Nucleo-shuttling of the ATM Protein: A Novel Biological Interpretation Relevant for Particles and Radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 103:709-718. [PMID: 30342967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Linear energy transfer (LET) plays an important role in radiation response. Recently, the radiation-induced nucleo-shuttling of ATM from cytoplasm to the nucleus was shown to be a major event of the radiation response that permits a normal DNA double-strand break (DSB) recognition and repair. Here, we aimed to verify the relevance of the ATM nucleo-shuttling model for high-LET particles and various radiation types. METHODS AND MATERIALS ATM- and H2AX-immunofluorescence was used to assess the number of recognized and unrepaired DSB in quiescent fibroblast cell lines exposed to x-rays, γ-rays, 9- and 12-MeV electrons, 3- and 65-MeV protons and 75-MeV/u carbon ions. RESULTS The rate of radiation-induced ATM nucleo-shuttling was found to be specific to each radiation type tested. By increasing the permeability of the nuclear membrane with statin and bisphosphonates, 2 fibroblast cell lines exposed to high-LET particles were shown to be protected by an accelerated ATM nucleo-shuttling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are in agreement with the conclusion that LET and the radiation/particle type influence the formation of ATM monomers in cytoplasm that are required for DSB recognition. A striking analogy was established between the DSB repair kinetics of radioresistant cells exposed to high-LET particles and that of several radiosensitive cells exposed to low-LET radiation. Our data show that the nucleo-shuttling of ATM provides crucial elements to predict radiation response in human quiescent cells, whatever the LET value and their radiosensitivity.
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