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Wu H, Nguyen H, Hashim PH, Fogelgren B, Duncan FE, Ward WS. Oocyte-specific EXOC5 expression is required for mouse oogenesis and folliculogenesis. Mol Hum Reprod 2024; 30:gaae026. [PMID: 39037927 PMCID: PMC11299862 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
EXOC5 is a crucial component of a large multi-subunit tethering complex, the exocyst complex, that is required for fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane. Exoc5 deleted mice die as early embryos. Therefore, to determine the role of EXOC5 in follicular and oocyte development, it was necessary to produce a conditional knockout (cKO), Zp3-Exoc5-cKO, in which Exoc5 was deleted only in oocytes. The first wave of folliculogenesis appeared histologically normal and progressed to the antral stage. However, after IVF with normal sperm, oocytes collected from the first wave (superovulated 21-day-old cKO mice) were shown to be developmentally incompetent. Adult follicular waves did not progress beyond the secondary follicle stage where they underwent apoptosis. Female cKO mice were infertile. Overall, these data suggest that the first wave of folliculogenesis is less sensitive to oocyte-specific loss of Exoc5, but the resulting gametes have reduced developmental competence. In contrast, subsequent waves of folliculogenesis require oocyte-specific Exoc5 for development past the preantral follicle stage. The Zp3-Exoc5-cKO mouse provides a model for disrupting folliculogenesis that also enables the separation between the first and subsequent waves of folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Prianka H Hashim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ben Fogelgren
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Francesca E Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - W Steven Ward
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Rohrer B, Biswal MR, Obert E, Dang Y, Su Y, Zuo X, Fogelgren B, Kondkar AA, Lobo GP, Lipschutz JH. Conditional Loss of the Exocyst Component Exoc5 in Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Results in RPE Dysfunction, Photoreceptor Cell Degeneration, and Decreased Visual Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5083. [PMID: 34064901 PMCID: PMC8151988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the mechanisms by which the highly conserved exocyst trafficking complex regulates eye physiology in zebrafish and mice, we focused on Exoc5 (also known as sec10), a central exocyst component. We analyzed both exoc5 zebrafish mutants and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE)-specific Exoc5 knockout mice. Exoc5 is present in both the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body and in the RPE. In this study, we set out to establish an animal model to study the mechanisms underlying the ocular phenotype and to establish if loss of visual function is induced by postnatal RPE Exoc5-deficiency. Exoc5-/- zebrafish had smaller eyes, with decreased number of melanocytes in the RPE and shorter photoreceptor outer segments. At 3.5 days post-fertilization, loss of rod and cone opsins were observed in zebrafish exoc5 mutants. Mice with postnatal RPE-specific loss of Exoc5 showed retinal thinning associated with compromised visual function and loss of visual photoreceptor pigments. Abnormal levels of RPE65 together with a reduced c-wave amplitude indicate a dysfunctional RPE. The retinal phenotype in Exoc5-/- mice was present at 20 weeks, but was more pronounced at 27 weeks, indicating progressive disease phenotype. We previously showed that the exocyst is necessary for photoreceptor ciliogenesis and retinal development. Here, we report that exoc5 mutant zebrafish and mice with RPE-specific genetic ablation of Exoc5 develop abnormal RPE pigmentation, resulting in retinal cell dystrophy and loss of visual pigments associated with compromised vision. Together, these data suggest that exocyst-mediated signaling in the RPE is required for RPE structure and function, indirectly leading to photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (B.R.); (E.O.)
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Division of Research, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Manas R. Biswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Elisabeth Obert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (B.R.); (E.O.)
| | - Yujing Dang
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Yanhui Su
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Xiaofeng Zuo
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Ben Fogelgren
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Altaf A. Kondkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Glenn P. Lobo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (B.R.); (E.O.)
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.); (J.H.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, Lions Research Building, 2001 6th Street SE., Room 225, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joshua H. Lipschutz
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.); (J.H.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Curtis D, Bakaya K, Sharma L, Bandyopadhyay S. Weighted burden analysis of exome-sequenced late-onset Alzheimer's cases and controls provides further evidence for a role for PSEN1 and suggests involvement of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β and WNT signalling pathways. Ann Hum Genet 2020; 84:291-302. [PMID: 32020597 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 08/01/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated common and rare genetic variants as risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Here, weighted burden analysis was applied to over 10,000 exome-sequenced subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project. Analyses were carried out to investigate whether rare variants predicted to have a functional effect within a gene were more commonly seen in cases or in controls. Confirmatory results were obtained for TREM2, ABCA7, and SORL1. Additional support was provided for PSEN1 (p = 0.0002), which previously had been only weakly implicated in LOAD. There was suggestive evidence that functional variants in PIK3R1, WNT7A, C1R, and EXOC5 might increase risk and that variants in TIAF1 and/or NDRG2 might have a protective effect. Overall, there was strong evidence (p = 5 × 10-6 ) that variants in tyrosine phosphatase genes reduce the risk of developing LOAD. Because PIK3R1 variants are expected to impair PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signalling while variants in tyrosine phosphatase genes would enhance it, these findings are in line with those from animal models, suggesting that this pathway is protective against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Curtis
- UCL Genetics Institute, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kaushiki Bakaya
- UCL Genetics Institute, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Leona Sharma
- UCL Genetics Institute, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Lipschutz JH. The role of the exocyst in renal ciliogenesis, cystogenesis, tubulogenesis, and development. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2019; 38:260-266. [PMID: 31284362 PMCID: PMC6727897 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.19.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The exocyst is a highly conserved eight-subunit protein complex (EXOC1–8) involved in the targeting and docking of exocytic vesicles translocating from the trans-Golgi network to various sites in renal cells. EXOC5 is a central exocyst component because it connects EXOC6, bound to the vesicles exiting the trans-Golgi network via the small GTPase RAB8, to the rest of the exocyst complex at the plasma membrane. In the kidney, the exocyst complex is involved in primary ciliognesis, cystogenesis, and tubulogenesis. The exocyst, and its regulators, have also been found in urinary extracellular vesicles, and may be centrally involved in urocrine signaling and repair following acute kidney injury. The exocyst is centrally involved in the development of other organs, including the eye, ear, and heart. The exocyst is regulated by many different small GTPases of the RHO, RAL, RAB, and ARF families. The small GTPases, and their guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins, likely give the exocyst specificity of function. The recent development of a floxed Exoc5 mouse line will aid researchers in studying the role of the exocyst in multiple cells and organ types by allowing for tissue-specific knockout, in conjunction with Cre-driver mouse lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H Lipschutz
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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Shin J, Choi JH, Jung S, Jeong S, Oh J, Yoon DY, Rhee MH, Ahn J, Kim SH, Oh JW. MUDENG Expression Profiling in Cohorts and Brain Tumor Biospecimens to Evaluate Its Role in Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:884. [PMID: 31616474 PMCID: PMC6763691 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mu-2-related death-inducing gene (MUDENG, MuD) has been reported to be involved in the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-associated apoptotic pathway of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells; however, its expression level, interactors, and role in tumors are yet to be discovered. To investigate whether MuD expression correlates with cancer progression, we analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database using UALCAN and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Differential expression of MuD was detected in 6 and 10 cancer types, respectively. Validation performed using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database showed that MuD expression is downregulated in KIRC tumor and correlate with higher chance of survival. Upregulation of MuD expression in GBM tumors was detected through GEPIA and high MuD expression correlated with higher survival in proneural GBM, whereas the opposite was observed in classical GBM subtype. GBM biospecimens analysis shows that MuD protein level was upregulated in three of six specimens, whereas mRNA level remained relatively unaltered. Therefore, MuD may exert differential effects according to subtypes, and/or be subjected to post-translational regulation in GBM. Correlation analysis between GBM cohort database and experiments using GBM cell lines revealed its positive effect on regulation of protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B’Epsilon (PPP2R5E) and son of sevenless homolog 2 (SOS2). STRING database analysis indicated that the components of adaptor protein complexes putatively interacted with MuD but showed no correlation in terms of survival of patients with different GBM subtypes. In summary, we analyzed the expression of MuD in publicly available cancer patient data sets, GBM cell lines, and biospecimens to demonstrate its potential role as a biomarker for cancer prognosis and identified its candidate interacting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Shin
- Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ha Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunghwa Jung
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Somi Jeong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongheon Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jaehong Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Se-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Ryu N, Kim MA, Choi DG, Kim YR, Sonn JK, Lee KY, Kim UK. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of splicing mutation causing congenital hearing loss. Gene 2019; 703:83-90. [PMID: 30898719 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has ushered in a new era of gene therapy. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate precise CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of the splicing mutation c.919-2A > G in intron 7 of the SLC26A4 gene, which is the second most common causative gene of congenital hearing loss. We designed candidate single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) aimed to direct the targeting of Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 to either exon 7 or exon 8 of SLC26A4. Several of the designed sgRNAs showed targeting activity, with average indel efficiencies ranging from approximately 14% to 25%. The usage of dual sgRNAs delivered both into Neuro2a cells and primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts resulted in the successful removal of large genomic fragments within the target locus. We subsequently evaluated genome editing in the presence of artificial donor templates to induce precise target modification via homology-directed repair. Using this approach, two different donor plasmids successfully introduced silent mutations within the c.919-2A region of Slc26a4 without evident off-target activities. Overall, these results indicate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction of mutations in the Slc26a4 gene is a feasible therapeutic option for restoration of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Ryu
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-A Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Gyun Choi
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ri Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kyung Sonn
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Yup Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Un-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Ma JH, Kim HP, Bok J, Shin JO. CTCF is required for maintenance of auditory hair cells and hearing function in the mouse cochlea. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2646-2652. [PMID: 30107916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Auditory hair cells play an essential role in hearing. These cells convert sound waves, mechanical stimuli, into electrical signals that are conveyed to the brain via spiral ganglion neurons. The hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea. They assemble in a special arrangement with three rows of outer hair cells and one row of inner hair cells. The proper differentiation and preservation of auditory hair cells are essential for acquiring and maintaining hearing function, respectively. Many genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying hair-cell differentiation and maintenance have been elucidated to date. However, the role of epigenetic regulation in hair-cell differentiation and maintenance has not been definitively demonstrated. CTCF is an essential epigenetic component that plays a primary role in the organization of global chromatin architecture. To determine the role of CTCF in mammalian hair cells, we specifically deleted Ctcf in developing hair cells by crossing Ctcffl/fl mice with Gfi1Cre/+ mice. Gfi1Cre; Ctcffl/fl mice did not exhibit obvious developmental defects in hair cells until postnatal day 8. However, at 3 weeks, the Ctcf deficiency caused intermittent degeneration of the stereociliary bundles of outer hair cells, resulting in profound hearing impairment. At 5 weeks, most hair cells were degenerated in Gfi1Cre; Ctcffl/fl mice, and defects in other structures of the organ of Corti, such as the tunnel of Corti and Nuel's space, became apparent. These results suggest that CTCF plays an essential role in maintaining hair cells and hearing function in mammalian cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Pyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Republic of Korea; BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Bok
- Department of Anatomy, Republic of Korea; BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Republic of Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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