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McCarthy CI, Mustafá ER, Cornejo MP, Yaneff A, Rodríguez SS, Perello M, Raingo J. Chlorpromazine, an Inverse Agonist of D1R-Like, Differentially Targets Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (Ca V) Subtypes in mPFC Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2644-2660. [PMID: 36694048 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine receptor type 1 (D1R) and the dopamine receptor type 5 (D5R), which are often grouped as D1R-like due to their sequence and signaling similarities, exhibit high levels of constitutive activity. The molecular basis for this agonist-independent activation has been well characterized through biochemical and mutagenesis in vitro studies. In this regard, it was reported that many antipsychotic drugs act as inverse agonists of D1R-like constitutive activity. On the other hand, D1R is highly expressed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a brain area with important functions such as working memory. Here, we studied the impact of D1R-like constitutive activity and chlorpromazine (CPZ), an antipsychotic drug and D1R-like inverse agonist, on various neuronal CaV conductances, and we explored its effect on calcium-dependent neuronal functions in the mouse medial mPFC. Using ex vivo brain slices containing the mPFC and transfected HEK293T cells, we found that CPZ reduces CaV2.2 currents by occluding D1R-like constitutive activity, in agreement with a mechanism previously reported by our lab, whereas CPZ directly inhibits CaV1 currents in a D1R-like activity independent manner. In contrast, CPZ and D1R constitutive activity did not affect CaV2.1, CaV2.3, or CaV3 currents. Finally, we found that CPZ reduces excitatory postsynaptic responses in mPFC neurons. Our results contribute to understanding CPZ molecular targets in neurons and describe a novel physiological consequence of CPZ non-canonical action as a D1R-like inverse agonist in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Inés McCarthy
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (Argentine Research Council CONICET, Scientific Research Commission of the Buenos Aires Province and National University of La Plata), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio Román Mustafá
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (Argentine Research Council CONICET, Scientific Research Commission of the Buenos Aires Province and National University of La Plata), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Cornejo
- Neurophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (Argentine Research Council CONICET, Scientific Research Commission of the Buenos Aires Province and National University of La Plata), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Yaneff
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Susana Rodríguez
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (Argentine Research Council CONICET, Scientific Research Commission of the Buenos Aires Province and National University of La Plata), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Perello
- Neurophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (Argentine Research Council CONICET, Scientific Research Commission of the Buenos Aires Province and National University of La Plata), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (Argentine Research Council CONICET, Scientific Research Commission of the Buenos Aires Province and National University of La Plata), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Mustafá ER, McCarthy CI, Portales AE, Cordisco Gonzalez S, Rodríguez SS, Raingo J. Constitutive activity of the dopamine (D 5 ) receptor, highly expressed in CA1 hippocampal neurons, selectively reduces Ca V 3.2 and Ca V 3.3 currents. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 180:1210-1231. [PMID: 36480023 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CaV 3.1-3 currents differentially contribute to neuronal firing patterns. CaV 3 are regulated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activity, but information about CaV 3 as targets of the constitutive activity of GPCRs is scarce. We investigate the impact of D5 recpetor constitutive activity, a GPCR with high levels of basal activity, on CaV 3 functionality. D5 recpetor and CaV 3 are expressed in the hippocampus and have been independently linked to pathophysiological states associated with epilepsy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Our study models were HEK293T cells heterologously expressing D1 or D5 receptor and CaV 3.1-3, and mouse brain slices containing the hippocampus. We used chlorpromazine (D1 /D5 inverse agonist) and a D5 receptor mutant lacking constitutive activity as experimental tools. We measured CaV 3 currents and excitability parameters using the patch-clamp technique. We completed our study with computational modelling and imaging technique. KEY RESULTS We found a higher sensitivity to TTA-P2 (CaV 3 blocker) in CA1 pyramidal neurons obtained from chlorpromazine-treated animals compared with vehicle-treated animals. We found that CaV 3.2 and CaV 3.3-but not CaV 3.1-are targets of D5 receptor constitutive activity in HEK293T cells. Finally, we found an increased firing rate in CA1 pyramidal neurons from chlorpromazine-treated animals in comparison with vehicle-treated animals. Similar changes in firing rate were observed on a neuronal model with controlled CaV 3 currents levels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Native hippocampal CaV 3 and recombinant CaV 3.2-3 are sensitive to D5 receptor constitutive activity. Manipulation of D5 receptor constitutive activity could be a valuable strategy to control neuronal excitability, especially in exacerbated conditions such as epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Román Mustafá
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Inés McCarthy
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Estefanía Portales
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Cordisco Gonzalez
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Susana Rodríguez
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mustafá ER, Cordisco González S, Damian M, Cantel S, Denoyelle S, Wagner R, Schiöth HB, Fehrentz JA, Banères JL, Perelló M, Raingo J. LEAP2 Impairs the Capability of the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor to Regulate the Dopamine 2 Receptor Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:712437. [PMID: 34447311 PMCID: PMC8383165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.712437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) signals in response to ghrelin, but also acts via ligand-independent mechanisms that include either constitutive activation or interaction with other G protein-coupled receptors, such as the dopamine 2 receptor (D2R). A key target of GHSR in neurons is voltage-gated calcium channels type 2.2 (CaV2.2). Recently, the liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) was recognized as a novel GHSR ligand, but the mechanism of action of LEAP2 on GHSR is not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of LEAP2 on the canonical and non-canonical modes of action of GHSR on CaV2.2 function. Using a heterologous expression system and patch-clamp recordings, we found that LEAP2 impairs the reduction of CaV2.2 currents induced by ghrelin-evoked and constitutive GHSR activities, acting as a GHSR antagonist and inverse agonist, respectively. We also found that LEAP2 prevents GHSR from modulating the effects of D2R signaling on CaV2.2 currents, and that the GHSR-binding N-terminal region LEAP2 underlies these effects. Using purified labeled receptors assembled into lipid nanodiscs and Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) assessments, we found that the N-terminal region of LEAP2 stabilizes an inactive conformation of GHSR that is dissociated from Gq protein and, consequently, reverses the effect of GHSR on D2R-dependent Gi activation. Thus, our results provide critical molecular insights into the mechanism mediating LEAP2 modulation of GHSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio R Mustafá
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
| | - Santiago Cordisco González
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marjorie Damian
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Severine Denoyelle
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Renaud Wagner
- Plateforme IMPReSs, CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biothechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Banères
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Mario Perelló
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
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4
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Cornejo MP, Mustafá ER, Cassano D, Banères JL, Raingo J, Perello M. The ups and downs of growth hormone secretagogue receptor signaling. FEBS J 2021; 288:7213-7229. [PMID: 33460513 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) has emerged as one of the most fascinating molecules from the perspective of neuroendocrine control. GHSR is mainly expressed in the pituitary and the brain, and plays key roles regulating not only growth hormone secretion but also food intake, adiposity, body weight, glucose homeostasis and other complex functions. Quite atypically, GHSR signaling displays a basal constitutive activity that can be up- or downregulated by two digestive system-derived hormones: the octanoylated-peptide ghrelin and the liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2), which was recently recognized as an endogenous GHSR ligand. The existence of two ligands with contrary actions indicates that GHSR activity can be tightly regulated and that the receptor displays the capability to integrate such opposing inputs in order to provide a balanced intracellular signal. This article provides a summary of the current understanding of the biology of ghrelin, LEAP2 and GHSR and discusses the reconceptualization of the cellular and physiological implications of the ligand-regulated GHSR signaling, based on the latest findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio R Mustafá
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Cassano
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Louis Banères
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cornejo MP, Mustafá ER, Barrile F, Cassano D, De Francesco PN, Raingo J, Perello M. THE INTRIGUING LIGAND-DEPENDENT AND LIGAND-INDEPENDENT ACTIONS OF THE GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR ON REWARD-RELATED BEHAVIORS. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:401-416. [PMID: 33157147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) highly expressed in the brain, and also in some peripheral tissues. GHSR activity is evoked by the stomach-derived peptide hormone ghrelin and abrogated by the intestine-derived liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2). In vitro, GHSR displays ligand-independent actions, including a high constitutive activity and an allosteric modulation of other GPCRs. Beyond its neuroendocrine and metabolic effects, cumulative evidence shows that GHSR regulates the activity of the mesocorticolimbic pathway and modulates complex reward-related behaviors towards different stimuli. Here, we review current evidence indicating that ligand-dependent and ligand-independent actions of GHSR enhance reward-related behaviors towards appetitive stimuli and drugs of abuse. We discuss putative neuronal networks and molecular mechanisms that GHSR would engage to modulate such reward-related behaviors. Finally, we briefly discuss imaging studies showing that ghrelin would also regulate reward processing in humans. Overall, we conclude that GHSR is a key regulator of the mesocorticolimbic pathway that influences its activity and, consequently, modulates reward-related behaviors via ligand-dependent and ligand-independent actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio R Mustafá
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the IMBICE, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Barrile
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Cassano
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the IMBICE, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Duan C, Wang L, Zhang J, Xiang X, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Li Q, Tian K, Xue M, Liu L, Li T. Mdivi-1 attenuates oxidative stress and exerts vascular protection in ischemic/hypoxic injury by a mechanism independent of Drp1 GTPase activity. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101706. [PMID: 32911435 PMCID: PMC7490562 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunctions such as vascular hyporeactivity following ischemic/hypoxic injury are a major cause of death in injured patients. In this study, we showed that treatment with mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1), a selective inhibitor of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), significantly improved vascular reactivity in ischemic rats by attenuating oxidative stress. The antioxidative effects of Mdivi-1 were relatively Drp1-independent, and possibly due to an increase in the levels of the antioxidant enzymes, SOD1 and catalase, as well as to enhanced Nrf2 expression. In addition, we found that while Mdivi-1 had little effect on Drp1 GTPase activity in vascular smooth muscle cells, it inhibited hypoxia-induced Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser-616, reducing excessive mitochondrial fission and slightly enhancing mitochondrial fusion. These effects possibly contributed to vascular protection at an early stage of ischemic/hypoxic injury. Finally, Mdivi-1 stabilized hemodynamics, increased vital organ perfusion, and improved rat survival after ischemic/hypoxic injury, proving a promising therapeutic agent for ischemic/hypoxic injury. Mdivi-1 improved vascular contractility in ischemic rats. Mdivi-1 attenuated hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial changes. Drp1 recruitment to mitochondria, not GTPase activity, involved in Mdivi-1 effects. Mdivi-1 has therapeutic potential against ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Xinming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Zisen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Qinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Kunlun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Mingying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Liangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China.
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China.
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Goswami C, Dezaki K, Wang L, Inui A, Seino Y, Yada T. Ninjin'yoeito Targets Distinct Ca 2+ Channels to Activate Ghrelin-Responsive vs. Unresponsive NPY Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus. Front Nutr 2020; 7:104. [PMID: 32766273 PMCID: PMC7379896 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Appetite loss or anorexia substantially deteriorates quality of life in various diseases, and stand upstream of frailty. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and ghrelin released from stomach are potent inducers of appetite. We previously reported that Ninjin'yoeito, a Japanese kampo medicine comprising twelve herbs, restores food intake, and body weight in cisplatin-treated anorectic mice. Furthermore, Ninjin'yoeito increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in not only ghrelin-responsive but ghrelin-unresponsive NPY neurons in ARC. The cellular lineage/differentiation of ghrelin-unresponsive neuron is less defined but might alter along with aging and diet. This study examined the occupancy of ghrelin-unresponsive neurons among ARC NPY neurons in adult mice fed normal chow, and explored the mechanisms underlying Ninjin'yoeito-induced [Ca2+]i increases in ghrelin-unresponsive vs. ghrelin-responsive NPY neurons. Single ARC neurons were subjected to [Ca2+]i measurement and subsequent immunostaining for NPY. Ghrelin failed to increase [Ca2+]i in 42% of ARC NPY neurons. Ninjin'yoeito (10 μg/ml)-induced increases in [Ca2+]i were abolished in Ca2+ free condition in ghrelin-responsive and ghrelin-unresponsive ARC NPY neurons. Ninjin'yoeito-induced [Ca2+]i increases were inhibited by N-type Ca2+ channel blocker ω-conotoxin in the majority (17 of 20), while by L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nitrendipine in the minority (2 of 23), of ghrelin-responsive neurons. In contrast, Ninjin'yoeito-induced [Ca2+]i increases were inhibited by nitrendipine in the majority (14 of 17), while by ω-conotoxin in the minority (8 of 24), of ghrelin-unresponsive neurons. These results indicate that ghrelin-unresponsive neurons occur substantially among NPY neurons of ARC in adult mice fed normal chow. Ninjin'yoeito preferentially target N-type and L-type Ca2+ channels in the majority of ghrelin-responsive and ghrelin-unresponsive neurons, respectively, to increase [Ca2+]i. We suggest ARC N- and L-type Ca2+ channels as potential targets for activating, respectively, ghrelin-responsive, and unresponsive NPY neurons to treat anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayon Goswami
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Katsuya Dezaki
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Iryo Sosei University, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akio Inui
- Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan.,Center for Diabetes Research, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.,Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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