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Dallavalasa S, Tulimilli SV, Bettada VG, Karnik M, Uthaiah CA, Anantharaju PG, Nataraj SM, Ramashetty R, Sukocheva OA, Tse E, Salimath PV, Madhunapantula SV. Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Review of Epidemiological, Preclinical, and Cellular Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3211. [PMID: 39335182 PMCID: PMC11430526 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16183211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of human carcinomas has previously been linked to vitamin D due to its effects on cancer cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis induction. The anticancer activity of vitamin D has been confirmed by several studies, which have shown that increased cancer incidence is associated with decreased vitamin D and that dietary supplementation of vitamin D slows down the growth of xenografted tumors in mice. Vitamin D inhibits the growth of cancer cells by the induction of apoptosis as well as by arresting the cells at the G0/G1 (or) G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Aim and Key Scientific Concepts of the Review: The purpose of this article is to thoroughly review the existing information and discuss and debate to conclude whether vitamin D could be used as an agent to prevent/treat cancers. The existing empirical data have demonstrated that vitamin D can also work in the absence of vitamin D receptors (VDRs), indicating the presence of multiple mechanisms of action for this sunshine vitamin. Polymorphism in the VDR is known to play a key role in tumor cell metastasis and drug resistance. Although there is evidence that vitamin D has both therapeutic and cancer-preventive properties, numerous uncertainties and concerns regarding its use in cancer treatment still exist. These include (a) increased calcium levels in individuals receiving therapeutic doses of vitamin D to suppress the growth of cancer cells; (b) hyperglycemia induction in certain vitamin D-treated study participants; (c) a dearth of evidence showing preventive or therapeutic benefits of cancer in clinical trials; (d) very weak support from proof-of-principle studies; and (e) the inability of vitamin D alone to treat advanced cancers. Addressing these concerns, more potent and less toxic vitamin D analogs have been created, and these are presently undergoing clinical trial evaluation. To provide key information regarding the functions of vitamin D and VDRs, this review provided details of significant advancements in the functional analysis of vitamin D and its analogs and VDR polymorphisms associated with cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Dallavalasa
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Center and ICMR Collaborating Center of Excellence-ICMR-CCoE), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - SubbaRao V Tulimilli
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Center and ICMR Collaborating Center of Excellence-ICMR-CCoE), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidya G Bettada
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Center and ICMR Collaborating Center of Excellence-ICMR-CCoE), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Medha Karnik
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Center and ICMR Collaborating Center of Excellence-ICMR-CCoE), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Chinnappa A Uthaiah
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Center and ICMR Collaborating Center of Excellence-ICMR-CCoE), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Preethi G Anantharaju
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Center and ICMR Collaborating Center of Excellence-ICMR-CCoE), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Suma M Nataraj
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Center and ICMR Collaborating Center of Excellence-ICMR-CCoE), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajalakshmi Ramashetty
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Olga A Sukocheva
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Rd., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Edmund Tse
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Rd., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Paramahans V Salimath
- JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Center and ICMR Collaborating Center of Excellence-ICMR-CCoE), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells (SIG-CBCSC), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
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Doumit M, El-Mallah C, El-Makkawi A, Obeid O, Kobeissy F, Darwish H, Abou-Kheir W. Vitamin D Deficiency Does Not Affect Cognition and Neurogenesis in Adult C57Bl/6 Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:2938. [PMID: 39275253 PMCID: PMC11396937 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a global problem. Vitamin D, the vitamin D receptor, and its enzymes are found throughout neuronal, ependymal, and glial cells in the brain and are implicated in certain processes and mechanisms in the brain. To investigate the processes affected by vitamin D deficiency in adults, we studied vitamin D deficient, control, and supplemented diets over 6 weeks in male and female C57Bl/6 mice. The effect of the vitamin D diets on proliferation in the neurogenic niches, changes in glial cells, as well as on memory, locomotion, and anxiety-like behavior, was investigated. Six weeks on a deficient diet was adequate time to reach deficiency. However, vitamin D deficiency and supplementation did not affect proliferation, neurogenesis, or astrocyte changes, and this was reflected on behavioral measures. Supplementation only affected microglia in the dentate gyrus of female mice. Indicating that vitamin D deficiency and supplementation do not affect these processes over a 6-week period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Doumit
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Carla El-Mallah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Alaa El-Makkawi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Omar Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Hala Darwish
- Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
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Hafiz AA. The neuroprotective effect of vitamin D in Parkinson's disease: association or causation. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:870-886. [PMID: 37731327 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2259680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease (NDD) due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in the substantia nigra (SN). PD is characterized by diverse motor symptoms such as rigidity, resting tremors, and bradykinesia, and non-motor symptoms such as cognitive dysfunction and sleep disturbances. Vitamin D (VD), VD receptor (VDR), and VD metabolites are present in the brain and play a role in maintaining the development, differentiation, and functions of the DNs. VDRs exert protective effects against PD neuropathology by modulating functional capacity and DNs neurotransmission in the SN. In virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, VD could be effective in the prevention and treatment of PD. VD exerts a neuroprotective effect by reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, and by increasing autophagy and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Low VD serum level is connected with cognitive dysfunction and the development of dementia in PD. The VD-mediated cognitive augmenting effect is interrelated to the safeguarding of synaptic plasticity and modulation of neurotransmitter release. VD deficiency is linked with the severity of olfactory dysfunction which precedes the progression of symptomatic PD. However, the precise role of VD in PD remains unidentified, and there is a conflict about whether treatment with VD can ameliorate PD or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin A Hafiz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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4
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Chen J, Kuang S, Cen J, Zhang Y, Shen Z, Qin W, Huang Q, Wang Z, Gao X, Huang F, Lin Z. Multiomics profiling reveals VDR as a central regulator of mesenchymal stem cell senescence with a known association with osteoporosis after high-fat diet exposure. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:41. [PMID: 38777841 PMCID: PMC11111693 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) has been linked to osteoporosis and an increased risk of fragility fractures. However, the specific mechanisms of HFD-induced osteoporosis are not fully understood. Our study shows that exposure to an HFD induces premature senescence in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), diminishing their proliferation and osteogenic capability, and thereby contributes to osteoporosis. Transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility analyses revealed the decreased chromatin accessibility of vitamin D receptor (VDR)-binding sequences and decreased VDR signaling in BMSCs from HFD-fed mice, suggesting that VDR is a key regulator of BMSC senescence. Notably, the administration of a VDR activator to HFD-fed mice rescued BMSC senescence and significantly improved osteogenesis, bone mass, and other bone parameters. Mechanistically, VDR activation reduced BMSC senescence by decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and preserving mitochondrial function. Our findings not only elucidate the mechanisms by which an HFD induces BMSC senescence and associated osteoporosis but also offer new insights into treating HFD-induced osteoporosis by targeting the VDR-superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2)-ROS axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Kuang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jietao Cen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongshan Shen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiting Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianling Gao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen Y, Ren P, He X, Yan F, Gu R, Bai J, Zhang X. Olfactory bulb neurogenesis depending on signaling in the subventricular zone. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11102-11111. [PMID: 37746807 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is a crucial sense that is essential for the well-being and survival of individuals. Olfactory bulb (OB) is the first olfactory relay station, and its function depends on newly generated neurons from the subventricular zone (SVZ). These newly born neurons constantly migrate through the rostral migratory stream to integrate into existing neural networks within the OB, thereby contributing to olfactory information processing. However, the mechanisms underlying the contribution of SVZ adult neurogenesis to OB neurogenesis remain largely elusive. Adult neurogenesis is a finely regulated multistep process involving the proliferation of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) and neural precursor cells, as well as the migration and differentiation of neuroblasts, and integration of newly generated neurons into preexisting neuronal circuitries. Recently, extensive studies have explored the mechanism of SVZ and OB neurogenesis. This review focused on elucidating various molecules and signaling pathways associated with OB neurogenesis dependent on the SVZ function. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the OB neurogenesis on the adult brain is an attractive prospect to induce aNSCs in SVZ to generate new neurons to ameliorate olfactory dysfunction that is involved in various diseases. It will also contribute to developing new strategies for the human aNSCs-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiongjie He
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rou Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Reiss AB, Muhieddine D, Jacob B, Mesbah M, Pinkhasov A, Gomolin IH, Stecker MM, Wisniewski T, De Leon J. Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: The Search for a Breakthrough. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1084. [PMID: 37374288 PMCID: PMC10302500 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
As the search for modalities to cure Alzheimer's disease (AD) has made slow progress, research has now turned to innovative pathways involving neural and peripheral inflammation and neuro-regeneration. Widely used AD treatments provide only symptomatic relief without changing the disease course. The recently FDA-approved anti-amyloid drugs, aducanumab and lecanemab, have demonstrated unclear real-world efficacy with a substantial side effect profile. Interest is growing in targeting the early stages of AD before irreversible pathologic changes so that cognitive function and neuronal viability can be preserved. Neuroinflammation is a fundamental feature of AD that involves complex relationships among cerebral immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which could be altered pharmacologically by AD therapy. Here, we provide an overview of the manipulations attempted in pre-clinical experiments. These include inhibition of microglial receptors, attenuation of inflammation and enhancement of toxin-clearing autophagy. In addition, modulation of the microbiome-brain-gut axis, dietary changes, and increased mental and physical exercise are under evaluation as ways to optimize brain health. As the scientific and medical communities work together, new solutions may be on the horizon to slow or halt AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (D.M.); (B.J.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Dalia Muhieddine
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (D.M.); (B.J.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Berlin Jacob
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (D.M.); (B.J.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Michael Mesbah
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (D.M.); (B.J.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Aaron Pinkhasov
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (D.M.); (B.J.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Irving H. Gomolin
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (D.M.); (B.J.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | | | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Joshua De Leon
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (D.M.); (B.J.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
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7
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Grant WB, Al Anouti F, Boucher BJ, Fakhoury HMA, Moukayed M, Pilz S, Al-Daghri NM. Evidence That Increasing Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations to 30 ng/mL in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates Could Greatly Improve Health Outcomes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:994. [PMID: 37189612 PMCID: PMC10136066 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the potential protective effects of vitamin D against chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune diseases, cancers, cardiovascular disease (ischaemic heart disease and stroke), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and infectious diseases such as acute respiratory tract diseases, COVID-19, influenza, and pneumonia, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes. The respective evidence is based on ecological and observational studies, randomized controlled trials, mechanistic studies, and Mendelian randomization studies. However, randomized controlled trials on vitamin D supplementation have largely failed to show benefits, probably due to poor design and analysis. In this work, we aim to use the best available evidence on the potential beneficial effects of vitamin D to estimate the expected reduction in incidence and mortality rates of vitamin D-related diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates if minimum serum 25(OH)D concentrations were to be raised to 30 ng/mL. Estimated reductions by 25% for myocardial infarction incidence, 35% for stroke incidence, 20 to 35% for cardiovascular disease mortality, and 35% for cancer mortality rates depicted a promising potential for raising serum 25(OH)D. Methods to increase serum 25(OH)D concentrations at the population level could include food fortification with vitamin D3, vitamin D supplementation, improved dietary vitamin D intake, and sensible sun exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
| | - Fatme Al Anouti
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Barbara J. Boucher
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E12AT, UK
| | - Hana M. A. Fakhoury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meis Moukayed
- School of Arts and Sciences, American University in Dubai, Dubai P.O. Box 28282, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Reiter RJ, Sharma R, Cucielo MS, Tan DX, Rosales-Corral S, Gancitano G, de Almeida Chuffa LG. Brain washing and neural health: role of age, sleep, and the cerebrospinal fluid melatonin rhythm. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:88. [PMID: 36917314 PMCID: PMC11072793 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The brain lacks a classic lymphatic drainage system. How it is cleansed of damaged proteins, cellular debris, and molecular by-products has remained a mystery for decades. Recent discoveries have identified a hybrid system that includes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled perivascular spaces and classic lymph vessels in the dural covering of the brain and spinal cord that functionally cooperate to remove toxic and non-functional trash from the brain. These two components functioning together are referred to as the glymphatic system. We propose that the high levels of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland directly into the CSF play a role in flushing pathological molecules such as amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) from the brain via this network. Melatonin is a sleep-promoting agent, with waste clearance from the CNS being highest especially during slow wave sleep. Melatonin is also a potent and versatile antioxidant that prevents neural accumulation of oxidatively-damaged molecules which contribute to neurological decline. Due to its feedback actions on the suprachiasmatic nucleus, CSF melatonin rhythm functions to maintain optimal circadian rhythmicity, which is also critical for preserving neurocognitive health. Melatonin levels drop dramatically in the frail aged, potentially contributing to neurological failure and dementia. Melatonin supplementation in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) defers Aβ accumulation, enhances its clearance from the CNS, and prolongs animal survival. In AD patients, preliminary data show that melatonin use reduces neurobehavioral signs such as sundowning. Finally, melatonin controls the mitotic activity of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone, suggesting its involvement in neuronal renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Maira Smaniotto Cucielo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology-IBB/UNESP, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Giuseppe Gancitano
- 1st "Tuscania" Paratrooper Regiment, Italian Ministry of Defense, 57127, Leghorn, Italy
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology-IBB/UNESP, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
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9
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Bergman P. Low vitamin D is a marker for poor health and increased risk for disease: But causality is still unclear in most cases. J Intern Med 2023; 293:272-274. [PMID: 36305051 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sverige
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Vitamin D as a Shield against Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054546. [PMID: 36901976 PMCID: PMC10002864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging can be seen as a physiological progression of biomolecular damage and the accumulation of defective cellular components, which trigger and amplify the process, toward whole-body function weakening. Senescence initiates at the cellular level and consists in an inability to maintain homeostasis, characterized by the overexpression/aberrant expression of inflammatory/immune/stress responses. Aging is associated with significant modifications in immune system cells, toward a decline in immunosurveillance, which, in turn, leads to chronic elevation of inflammation/oxidative stress, increasing the risk of (co)morbidities. Albeit aging is a natural and unavoidable process, it can be regulated by some factors, like lifestyle and diet. Nutrition, indeed, tackles the mechanisms underlying molecular/cellular aging. Many micronutrients, i.e., vitamins and elements, can impact cell function. This review focuses on the role exerted by vitamin D in geroprotection, based on its ability to shape cellular/intracellular processes and drive the immune response toward immune protection against infections and age-related diseases. To this aim, the main biomolecular paths underlying immunosenescence and inflammaging are identified as biotargets of vitamin D. Topics such as heart and skeletal muscle cell function/dysfunction, depending on vitamin D status, are addressed, with comments on hypovitaminosis D correction by food and supplementation. Albeit research has progressed, still limitations exist in translating knowledge into clinical practice, making it necessary to focus attention on the role of vitamin D in aging, especially considering the growing number of older individuals.
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