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Sun P, Chen HC, Guo W, Zhang Z, Sun S, Gao N, Jing YH, Wang B. A ratiometric fluorescent probe revealing the abnormality of acetylated tau by visualizing polarity in Alzheimer's disease. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5619-5627. [PMID: 38770837 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00357h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal neuronal polarity leads to early deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by affecting the function of axons. Precise and rapid evaluation of polarity changes is very important for the early prevention and diagnosis of AD. However, due to the limitations of existing detection methods, the mechanism related to how neuronal polarity changes in AD is unclear. Herein, we reported a ratiometric fluorescent probe characterized by neutral molecule to disclose the polarity changes in nerve cells and the brain of APP/PS1 mice. Cy7-K showed a sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence response to polarity. Remarkably, unlike conventional intramolecular charge transfer fluorescent probes, the fluorescence quantum yield of Cy7-K in highly polar solvents is higher than that in low polar solvents due to the transition of neutral quinones to aromatic zwitterions. Using the ratiometric fluorescence imaging, we found that beta-amyloid protein (Aβ) inhibits the expression of histone deacetylase 6, thereby increasing the amount of acetylated Tau protein (AC-Tau) and ultimately enhancing cell polarity. There was a high correlation between polarity and AC-Tau. Furthermore, Cy7-K penetrated the blood-brain barrier to image the polarity of different brain regions and confirmed that APP/PS1 mice had higher polarity than Wild-type mice. The probe Cy7-K will be a promising tool for assessing the progression of AD development by monitoring polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Chao Chen
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zefan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningshuang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong Jing
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baodui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
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Lei Y, Zhang R, Cai F. Role of MARK2 in the nervous system and cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:497-506. [PMID: 38302729 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Microtubule-Affinity Regulating Kinase 2 (MARK2), a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, phosphorylates microtubule-associated proteins, playing a crucial role in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This kinase regulates multiple signaling pathways, including the WNT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM), and NF-κB pathways, potentially linking it to cancer and the nervous system. As a crucial regulator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, the loss of MARK2 inhibits the growth and metastasis of cancer cells. MARK2 is involved in the excessive phosphorylation of tau, thus influencing neurodegeneration. Therefore, MARK2 emerges as a promising drug target for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite its significance, the development of inhibitors for MARK2 remains limited. In this review, we aim to present detailed information on the structural features of MARK2 and its role in various signaling pathways associated with cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we further characterize the therapeutic potential of MARK2 in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, and hope to facilitate basic research on MARK2 and the development of inhibitors targeting MARK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
| | - Fei Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
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Gavrish M, Kustova A, Celis Suescún JC, Bessa P, Mitina N, Tarabykin V. Molecular mechanisms of corpus callosum development: a four-step journey. Front Neuroanat 2024; 17:1276325. [PMID: 38298831 PMCID: PMC10827913 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1276325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Corpus Callosum (CC) is a bundle of axons connecting the cerebral hemispheres. It is the most recent structure to have appeared during evolution of placental mammals. Its development is controlled by a very complex interplay of many molecules. In humans it contains almost 80% of all commissural axons in the brain. The formation of the CC can be divided into four main stages, each controlled by numerous intracellular and extracellular molecular factors. First, a newborn neuron has to specify an axon, leave proliferative compartments, the Ventricular Zone (VZ) and Subventricular Zone (SVZ), migrate through the Intermediate Zone (IZ), and then settle at the Cortical Plate (CP). During the second stage, callosal axons navigate toward the midline within a compact bundle. Next stage is the midline crossing into contralateral hemisphere. The last step is targeting a defined area and synapse formation. This review provides an insight into these four phases of callosal axons development, as well as a description of the main molecular players involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gavrish
- Laboratory of Genetics of Brain Development, Research Institute of Neurosciences, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Angelina Kustova
- Laboratory of Genetics of Brain Development, Research Institute of Neurosciences, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Juan C. Celis Suescún
- Laboratory of Genetics of Brain Development, Research Institute of Neurosciences, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Paraskevi Bessa
- Charité Hospital, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Mitina
- Laboratory of Genetics of Brain Development, Research Institute of Neurosciences, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Charité Hospital, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
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