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Wei L, Chen S, Deng X, Liu Y, Wang H, Gao X, Huang Y. Metabolomic discoveries for early diagnosis and traditional Chinese medicine efficacy in ischemic stroke. Biomark Res 2024; 12:63. [PMID: 38902829 PMCID: PMC11188286 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS), a devastating cerebrovascular accident, presents with high mortality and morbidity. Following IS onset, a cascade of pathological changes, including excitotoxicity, inflammatory damage, and blood-brain barrier disruption, significantly impacts prognosis. However, current clinical practices struggle with early diagnosis and identifying these alterations. Metabolomics, a powerful tool in systems biology, offers a promising avenue for uncovering early diagnostic biomarkers for IS. By analyzing dynamic metabolic profiles, metabolomics can not only aid in identifying early IS biomarkers but also evaluate Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) efficacy and explore its mechanisms of action in IS treatment. Animal studies demonstrate that TCM interventions modulate specific metabolite levels, potentially reflecting their therapeutic effects. Identifying relevant metabolites in cerebral ischemia patients holds immense potential for early diagnosis and improved outcomes. This review focuses on recent metabolomic discoveries of potential early diagnostic biomarkers for IS. We explore variations in metabolites observed across different ages, genders, disease severity, and stages. Additionally, the review examines how specific TCM extracts influence IS development through metabolic changes, potentially revealing their mechanisms of action. Finally, we emphasize the importance of integrating metabolomics with other omics approaches for a comprehensive understanding of IS pathophysiology and TCM efficacy, paving the way for precision medicine in IS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhe Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315010, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Xinpeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315010, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Yuchun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315010, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315010, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315010, China.
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315010, China.
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China.
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Zhang N, Liao H, Lin Z, Tang Q. Insights into the Role of Glutathione Peroxidase 3 in Non-Neoplastic Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:689. [PMID: 38927092 PMCID: PMC11202029 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are byproducts of normal cellular metabolism and play pivotal roles in various physiological processes. Disruptions in the balance between ROS levels and the body's antioxidant defenses can lead to the development of numerous diseases. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), a key component of the body's antioxidant system, is an oxidoreductase enzyme. GPX3 mitigates oxidative damage by catalyzing the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into water. Beyond its antioxidant function, GPX3 is vital in regulating metabolism, modulating cell growth, inducing apoptosis and facilitating signal transduction. It also serves as a significant tumor suppressor in various cancers. Recent studies have revealed aberrant expression of GPX3 in several non-neoplastic diseases, associating it with multiple pathological processes. This review synthesizes the current understanding of GPX3 expression and regulation, highlighting its extensive roles in noncancerous diseases. Additionally, this paper evaluates the potential of GPX3 as a diagnostic biomarker and explores emerging therapeutic strategies targeting this enzyme, offering potential avenues for future clinical treatment of non-neoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Haihan Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
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Alam J, Kalash A, Hassan MI, Rahman SZ. Agents at the Peak of US FDA Approval for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurol Res 2024; 46:318-325. [PMID: 38197595 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2302271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Where Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming a global health issue, the present anti-AD medications have also been exposed to produce only symptomatic outcomes. The pathological factors, like neuronal transmission impairment, amyloidal-tau constituents, oxidative damage, neuro-inflammation, synaptic dysfunction, infectious agents, and impairment of gut microbiota and vitamins' levels; all favor the disease's progression and sustainability. The researchers have investigated several drugable molecules against these factors; however, no treatment could have been discovered yet to prevent the disease's progression rather than anti-amyloidal antibodies. After a comprehensive review of the literature and the clinical registry (clinicaltrials.gov), the authors of this manuscript have explored drug molecules that are under phase-3 of clinical trials and at the peak of getting approval for the management of AD. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for clinical trials were decided by considering the basis of a drug's approval. We included only the clinical trials were found in stages of Enrolling-by-Invitation, Recruiting, Not Recruiting (But active), and Not Recruiting (Not active) while excluding Completed, Terminated, Suspended, Withdrawn, or the trials of Unknown Status. We have found many potent drug molecules reached the clinical trials in phase-3 that could be futuristic anti-AD agents. This review article aims to provide an update on the prospective potential anti-AD medicines and to reveal the therapeutic targets of great significance for designing further a possible drug development strategy against AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahngeer Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anushka Kalash
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Proniewicz E. Gold and Silver Nanoparticles as Biosensors: Characterization of Surface and Changes in the Adsorption of Leucine Dipeptide under the Influence of Substituent Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3720. [PMID: 38612534 PMCID: PMC11011725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Early detection of diseases can increase the chances of successful treatment and survival. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for detecting or sensing biomolecules that cause trouble in living organisms. Disease sensors should possess specific properties, such as selectivity, reproducibility, stability, sensitivity, and morphology, for their routine application in medical diagnosis and treatment. This work focuses on biosensors in the form of surface-functionalized gold (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared using a less-time-consuming, inexpensive, and efficient synthesis route. This allows for the production of highly pure and stable (non-aggregating without stabilizers) nanoparticles with a well-defined spherical shape, a desired diameter, and a monodisperse distribution in an aqueous environment, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Thus, these nanoparticles can be used routinely as biomarker sensors and drug-delivery platforms for precision medicine treatment. The NPs' surface was coated with phosphonate dipeptides of L-leucine (Leu; l-Leu-C(R1)(R2)PO3H2), and their adsorption was monitored using SERS. Reproducible spectra were analyzed to determine the orientation of the dipeptides (coating layers) on the nanoparticles' surface. The appropriate R2 side chain of the dipeptide can be selected to control the arrangement of these dipeptides. This allows for the proper formation of a layer covering the nanoparticles while also simultaneously interacting with the surrounding biological environment, such as cells, tissues, and biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Proniewicz
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Zhang L, Xu L. Fgf2 and Ptpn11 play a role in cerebral injury caused by sevoflurane anesthesia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36108. [PMID: 37960778 PMCID: PMC10637467 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane is a new inhaled anesthetic, which has better physical properties than the existing inhalational anesthetics, rapid induction, less tissue uptake, and faster recovery. Sevoflurane can directly dilators cerebral blood vessels and increase cerebral blood flow, but it also reduces cerebral oxygen metabolism rate, thereby reducing cerebral blood flow. However, the role of Fgf2 and Ptpn11 in cerebral injury caused by sevoflurane anesthesia remains unclear. The sevoflurane anesthesia brain tissue datasets GSE139220 and GSE141242 were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed. Construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) Network. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) were performed. A heat map of gene expression was drawn. TargetScan was used to screen miRNAs regulating DEGs. 500 DEGs were identified. According to GO, in Biological Process analysis, they were mainly enriched in response to hypoxia, blood vessel development, inner ear development, neural tube closure, and aging. In Cellular Component (CC), they were mainly enriched in plasma membrane, integral component of membrane, and basal lamina. In Molecular Function (MF), they were mainly associated with protein binding, Wnt-activated receptor activity, and organic anion transmembrane transporter activity. In the KEGG analysis, they were mainly enriched in proteoglycans in cancer, pathways in cancer, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, basal cell carcinoma, thyroid hormone signaling pathway. In the Metascape enrichment analysis, the GO enrichment items revealed upregulated regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation, platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway, inner ear development, and response to hypoxia. A total of 20 modules were generated. Gene Expression Heatmap showed that the core genes (Fgf2, Pdgfra, Ptpn11, Slc2a1) were highly expressed in sevoflurane anesthesia brain tissue samples. CTD Analysis showed that the 4 core genes (Fgf2, Pdgfra, Ptpn11, Slc2a1) were associated with neurodegenerative diseases, brain injuries, memory disorders, cognitive disorders, neurotoxicity, drug-induced abnormalities, neurological disorders, developmental disorders, and intellectual disabilities. Fgf2 and Ptpn11 are highly expressed in brain tissue after sevoflurane anesthesia, higher the expression level of Fgf2 and Ptpn11, worse the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Korczowska-Łącka I, Słowikowski B, Piekut T, Hurła M, Banaszek N, Szymanowicz O, Jagodziński PP, Kozubski W, Permoda-Pachuta A, Dorszewska J. Disorders of Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants in Neurological Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1811. [PMID: 37891890 PMCID: PMC10604347 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In diseases of the central nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and even epilepsy and migraine, oxidative stress load commonly surpasses endogenous antioxidative capacity. While oxidative processes have been robustly implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases, the significance of particular antioxidants, both endogenous and especially exogenous, in maintaining redox homeostasis requires further research. Among endogenous antioxidants, enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase are central to disabling free radicals, thereby preventing oxidative damage to cellular lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Whether supplementation with endogenously occurring antioxidant compounds such as melatonin and glutathione carries any benefit, however, remains equivocal. Similarly, while the health benefits of certain exogenous antioxidants, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C), carotenoids, polyphenols, sulforaphanes, and anthocyanins are commonly touted, their clinical efficacy and effectiveness in particular neurological disease contexts need to be more robustly defined. Here, we review the current literature on the cellular mechanisms mitigating oxidative stress and comment on the possible benefit of the most common exogenous antioxidants in diseases such as AD, PD, ALS, HD, stroke, epilepsy, and migraine. We selected common neurological diseases of a basically neurodegenerative nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Korczowska-Łącka
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Bartosz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (B.S.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Thomas Piekut
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Mikołaj Hurła
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Natalia Banaszek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Oliwia Szymanowicz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Paweł P. Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (B.S.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Permoda-Pachuta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
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Dorszewska J, Ong KT, Zabel M, Marchetti C. Editorial: Insights into mechanisms underlying brain impairment in aging, volume II. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1242271. [PMID: 37496756 PMCID: PMC10368071 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1242271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kevin T. Ong
- Armadale Health Service, Mount Nasura, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew Zabel
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Cristina Marchetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI)-Fondazione Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome, Italy
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