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Thomson RM, Loebinger MR, Burke AJ, Morgan LC, Waterer GW, Ganslandt C. OPTIMA: An Open-Label, Noncomparative Pilot Trial of Inhaled Molgramostim in Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2024; 21:568-576. [PMID: 37948736 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202306-532oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Inhaled granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been proposed as a potential immunomodulatory treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection.Objectives: This open-label, noncomparative pilot trial investigated the efficacy and safety of inhaled GM-CSF (molgramostim nebulizer solution) in patients with predominantly treatment-refractory pulmonary NTM infection (Mycobacterium avium complex [MAC] and M. abscessus [MABS]), either in combination with ongoing guideline-based therapy (GBT) or as monotherapy in patients who had stopped GBT because of lack of efficacy or intolerability.Methods: Thirty-two adult patients with refractory NTM infection (MAC, n = 24; MABS, n = 8) were recruited into two cohorts: those with (n = 16) and without (n = 16) ongoing GBT. Nebulized molgramostim 300 μg/d was administered over 48 weeks. Sputum cultures and smears and clinical assessments (6-min-walk distance, symptom scores, Quality of Life-Bronchiectasis Questionnaire score, and body weight) were collected every 4 weeks during treatment and 12 weeks after the end of treatment. The primary endpoint was sputum culture conversion, defined as three consecutive monthly negative cultures during the treatment period.Results: Eight patients (25%) achieved culture conversion on treatment (seven [29.2%] patients with MAC infection, one [12.5%] patient with MABS infection); in four patients, this was durable after the end of treatment. Of the 24 patients with MAC infection, an additional 4 patients had a partial response, converting from smear positive at baseline to smear negative at the end of treatment, and time to positivity in liquid culture media increased. Two of these patients sustained negative cultures from the end of treatment. Other clinical endpoints were unchanged. Serious adverse events were mainly pulmonary exacerbations or worsening NTM infection. Three deaths, not treatment related, were reported.Conclusions: In this population of patients with severe NTM disease, molgramostim was safe and well tolerated. Sputum culture conversion rates for patients with MAC infection (29.2%) were greater than reported for similar refractory MAC cohorts managed with GBT alone. Less benefit was seen for MABS infection. No serious safety concerns were identified. Further evaluation in a larger cohort is warranted.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03421743).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Thomson
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, Queensland, Australia
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael R Loebinger
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Burke
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lucy C Morgan
- Concord Repatriation Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Grant W Waterer
- East Metropolitan Health Service, Royal Perth Bentley Group, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
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Lugo-Villarino G, Neyrolles O. Manipulation of the mononuclear phagocyte system by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:a018549. [PMID: 25147188 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, there has been an emerging appreciation about the role of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) to control and eradicate pathogens. Likewise, there have been significant advances in dissecting the mechanisms involved in the microbial subversion of MPS cells, mainly affecting their differentiation and effector functions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial pathogen that represents an enigma to the field because of its remarkable ability to thrive in humans. One reason is that M. tuberculosis renders a defective MPS compartment, which is perhaps the most ingenious strategy for survival in the host given the prominence of these cells to modulate microenvironments, their function as sentinels and orchestrators of the immune response, and their pathogenic role as reservoirs for microbial persistence. In this article, the principal strategies used by M. tuberculosis to subvert the MPS compartment are presented along with emerging concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), 31000 Toulouse, France Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), 31000 Toulouse, France Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), 31000 Toulouse, France
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Zhang J. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Entry Mechanisms and a Central Role of SRC in Host Defense during High Multiplicity Mycobacterial Infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65128. [PMID: 23824656 PMCID: PMC3688827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infects an estimated one-third of the global population and is one of the main causes of mortality from an infectious agent. The characteristics of macrophages challenged by MTB with a high multiplicity of infection (MOI), which mimics both clinical disseminated infection and granuloma formation, are distinct from macrophages challenged with a low MOI. To better understand the cross talk between macrophage host cells and mycobacteria, we compared the transcription patterns of mouse macrophages infected with bacille Calmette-Guérin, H37Ra and M. smegmatis. Attention was focused on the changes in the abundance of transcripts related to immune system function. From the results of a transcriptome profiling study with a high mycobacterial MOI, we defined a pathogen-specific host gene expression pattern. The present study suggests that two integrins, ITGA5 and ITGAV, are novel cell surface receptors mediating mycobacterium entry into macrophages challenged with high MOI. Our results indicate that SRC likely plays a central role in regulating multiple unique signaling pathways activated by MTB infection. The integrated results increase our understanding of the molecular networks behind the host innate immune response and identify important targets that might be useful for the development of tuberculosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Zhang
- Genomics Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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El Daker S, Sacchi A, Montesano C, Altieri AM, Galluccio G, Colizzi V, Martini F, Martino A. An abnormal phenotype of lung Vγ9Vδ2 T cells impairs their responsiveness in tuberculosis patients. Cell Immunol 2013; 282:106-12. [PMID: 23770719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-specific γδ T cells represent an early innate defense known to play an important role in anti-mycobacterial immunity. We have investigated the immune functions of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from Broncho-Alveolar lavages (BAC) samples of active TB patients. We observed that BAC Vγ9Vδ2 T cells presented a strong down-modulation of CD3 expression compared with Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from peripheral blood. Furthermore, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells mainly showed a central memory phenotype, expressed high levels of NK inhibitory receptors and TEMRA cells showed low expression of CD16 compared to circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Interestingly, the ability of BAC Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to respond to antigen stimulation was dramatically reduced, differently from blood counterpart. These observations indicate that γδ T cell functions are specifically impaired in situ by active TB, suggesting that the alveolar ambient during tuberculosis may affect resident γδ T cells in comparison to circulating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sary El Daker
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
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Balboa L, Romero MM, Laborde E, Sabio Y García CA, Basile JI, Schierloh P, Yokobori N, Musella RM, Castagnino J, de la Barrera S, Sasiain MC, Alemán M. Impaired dendritic cell differentiation of CD16-positive monocytes in tuberculosis: role of p38 MAPK. Eur J Immunol 2013. [PMID: 23192690 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world's most pernicious diseases mainly due to immune evasion strategies displayed by its causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Blood monocytes (Mos) represent an important source of DCs during chronic infections; consequently, the alteration of their differentiation constitutes an escape mechanism leading to mycobacterial persistence. We evaluated whether the CD16(+)/CD16(-) Mo ratio could be associated with the impaired Mo differentiation into DCs found in TB patients. The phenotype and ability to stimulate Mtb-specific memory clones DCs from isolated Mo subsets were assessed. We found that CD16(-) Mos differentiated into CD1a(+) DC-SIGN(high) cells achieving an efficient recall response, while CD16(+) Mos differentiated into a CD1a(-) DC-SIGN(low) population characterized by a poor mycobacterial Ag-presenting capacity. The high and sustained phosphorylated p38 expression observed in CD16(+) Mos was involved in the altered DC profile given that its blockage restored DC phenotype and its activation impaired CD16(-) Mo differentiation. Furthermore, depletion of CD16(+) Mos indeed improved the differentiation of Mos from TB patients toward CD1a(+) DC-SIGN(high) DCs. Therefore, Mos from TB patients are less prone to differentiate into DCs due to their increased proportion of CD16(+) Mos, suggesting that during Mtb infection Mo subsets may have different fates after entering the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Balboa
- IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Park KT, Allen AJ, Bannantine JP, Seo KS, Hamilton MJ, Abdellrazeq GS, Rihan HM, Grimm A, Davis WC. Evaluation of two mutants of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as candidates for a live attenuated vaccine for Johne's disease. Vaccine 2011; 29:4709-19. [PMID: 21565243 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Control of Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, has been difficult because of a lack of an effective vaccine. To address this problem we used targeted gene disruption to develop candidate mutants with impaired capacity to survive ex vivo and in vivo to test as a vaccine. We selected relA and pknG, genes known to be important virulence factors in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, for initial studies. Deletion mutants were made in a wild type Map (K10) and its recombinant strain expressing the green fluorescent protein (K10-GFP). Comparison of survival in an ex vivo assay revealed deletion of either gene attenuated survival in monocyte-derived macrophages compared to survival of wild-type K10. In contrast, study in calves revealed survival in vivo was mainly affected by deletion of relA. Bacteria were detected in tissues from wild-type and the pknG mutant infected calves by bacterial culture and PCR at three months post infection. No bacteria were detected in tissues from calves infected with the relA mutant (P<0.05). Flow cytometric analysis of the immune response to the wild-type K10-GFP and the mutant strains showed deletion of either gene did not affect their capacity to elicit a strong proliferative response to soluble antigen extract or live Map. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed genes encoding IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-22, T-bet, RORC, and granulysin were up-regulated in PBMC stimulated with live Map three months post infection compared to the response of PBMC pre-infection. A challenge study in kid goats showed deletion of pknG did not interfere with establishment of an infection. As in calves, deletion of relA attenuated survival in vivo. The mutant also elicited an immune response that limited colonization by challenge wild type Map. The findings show the relA mutant is a good candidate for development of a live attenuated vaccine for Johne's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Taek Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
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Rivero-Lezcano OM, González-Cortés C, Reyes-Ruvalcaba D, Diez-Tascón C. CCL20 is overexpressed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected monocytes and inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 162:289-97. [PMID: 20819093 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CCL20 is a chemokine that attracts immature dendritic cells. We show that monocytes, cells characteristic of the innate immune response, infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis express the CCL20 gene at a much higher level than the same cells infected with non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Interferon (IFN)-γ, a fundamental cytokine in the immune response to tuberculosis, strongly inhibits both the transcription and the translation of CCL20. We have also confirmed that dendritic cells are a suitable host for mycobacteria proliferation, although CCL20 does not seem to influence their intracellular multiplication rate. The chemokine, however, down-regulates the characteristic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by M. tuberculosis in monocytes, which may affect the activity of the cells. Apoptosis mediated by the mycobacteria, possibly ROS-dependent, was also inhibited by CCL20.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Rivero-Lezcano
- Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León, Hospital de León, Spain.
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Constantoulakis P, Filiou E, Rovina N, Chras G, Hamhougia A, Karabela S, Sotiriou A, Roussos C, Poulakis N. In vivo expression of innate immunity markers in patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:243. [PMID: 20718957 PMCID: PMC2931512 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Coronin-1 and Sp110 are essential factors for the containment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo expression of these molecules at different stages of the infection and uncover possible relationships between these markers and the state of the disease. Methods Twenty-two patients with active tuberculosis, 15 close contacts of subjects with latent disease, 17 close contacts of subjects negative for mycobacterium antigens and 10 healthy, unrelated to patients, subjects were studied. Quantitative mRNA expression of Coronin-1, Sp110, TLRs-1,-2,-4 and -6 was analysed in total blood cells vs an endogenous house-keeping gene. Results The mRNA expression of Coronin-1, Sp110 and TLR-2 was significantly higher in patients with active tuberculosis and subjects with latent disease compared to the uninfected ones. Positive linear correlation for the expression of those factors was only found in the infected populations. Conclusions Our results suggest that the up-regulation of Coronin-1 and Sp110, through a pathway that also includes TLR-2 up-regulation may be involved in the process of tuberculous infection in humans. However, further studies are needed, in order to elucidate whether the selective upregulation of these factors in the infected patients could serve as a specific molecular marker of tuberculosis.
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